verbsecond conjugation
cieō
cieō (present infinitive ciēre, perfect active cīvī, supine citum)
Classical[ˈki.e.oː]Ecclesiastical[ˈt͡ʃiː.e.o]
Meaning
- to set in motion; act
- to move, stir, shake
- to summon, call
- to call upon (by name) for help, invoke, appeal to
- to rouse, stimulate, excite; disturb; produce, cause, begin, provoke
Conjugation conjugation 2
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | cieō | ciēbam | ciēbō | cīvī | cīveram | cīverō |
| 2nd sg. | ciēs | ciēbās | ciēbis | cīvistī | cīverās | cīveris |
| 3rd sg. | ciet | ciēbat | ciēbit | cīvit | cīverat | cīverit |
| 1st pl. | ciēmus | ciēbāmus | ciēbimus | cīvimus | cīverāmus | cīverimus |
| 2nd pl. | ciētis | ciēbātis | ciēbitis | cīvistis | cīverātis | cīveritis |
| 3rd pl. | cient | ciēbant | ciēbunt | cīvērunt cīvēre | cīverant | cīverint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | cieam | ciērem | cīverim | cīvissem |
| 2nd sg. | cieās | ciērēs | cīverīs | cīvissēs |
| 3rd sg. | cieat | ciēret | cīverit | cīvisset |
| 1st pl. | cieāmus | ciērēmus | cīverīmus | cīvissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | cieātis | ciērētis | cīverītis | cīvissētis |
| 3rd pl. | cieant | ciērent | cīverint | cīvissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | cieor | ciēbar | ciēbor |
| 2nd sg. | ciēris ciēre | ciēbāris ciēbāre | ciēberis ciēbere |
| 3rd sg. | ciētur | ciēbātur | ciēbitur |
| 1st pl. | ciēmur | ciēbāmur | ciēbimur |
| 2nd pl. | ciēminī | ciēbāminī | ciēbiminī |
| 3rd pl. | cientur | ciēbantur | ciēbuntur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | ciear | ciērer |
| 2nd sg. | cieāris cieāre | ciērēris ciērēre |
| 3rd sg. | cieātur | ciērētur |
| 1st pl. | cieāmur | ciērēmur |
| 2nd pl. | cieāminī | ciērēminī |
| 3rd pl. | cieantur | ciērentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | ciē | ciēre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | ciēte | ciēminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | ciētō | ciētor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | ciētō | ciētor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | ciētōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | cientō | cientor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | ciēre | ciērī |
| perfect infinitive | cīvisse | citum esse |
| future infinitive | citūrum esse | citum īrī |
| present participle | ciēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | citus |
| future participle | citūrus citūra, citūrā, citūrae, citūram, citūrārum, citūrās, citūre, citūrī, citūrīs, citūrō, citūrōrum, citūrōs, citūrum | ciendus cienda, ciendā, ciendae, ciendam, ciendārum, ciendās, ciende, ciendīs, ciendōrum, ciendōs |
gerundciendī, ciendō, ciendumsupinecitum, citū
cĭĕo, cīvi, cĭtum, 2 (from the primitive form cĭo, cīre, prevailing in the compounds accio, excio, etc. (cf. Prisc. pp. 865, 905, and 908 P.), are also found:
I. pres. cio, Mart. 4, 90, 4:
cit, Verg. Cul. 201; Col. 6, 5, 1 Schneid.: cimus, Lucr. 1, 213; 5, 211: ciunt, Lact. Ep. 4 dub.: ciant, App. Flor. 2, n. 17, p. 358; Mart. Cap. 1, § 91: ciuntur, id. de Mundo, 22, p. 67), v. a. kindr. with κίω, to go; and by the addition of the causative signif. like κινέω, causative from κίω; v. 1. ci.. I. Lit., to put in motion; hence, to move, stir, shake (syn.: moveo, commoveo, concito, excito al.;
class. in prose and poetry): calcem, to make a move in the game of chess, Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 86: natura omnia ciens et agitans, Cic. N. D. 3, 11, 27: inanimum est omne, quod pulsu agitatur externo; quod autem est animal, id motu cietur interiore et suo, id. Tusc. 1, 23, 54 (for which, in the same chapter, several times movere; cf. also id. N. D. 2, 9, 23): remos, Stat. Th. 6, 801: imo Nereus ciet aequora fundo, stirs up, Verg. A. 2, 419: puppes sinistrorsum citae, Hor. Epod. 9, 20.—B. In judic. lang. t. t.:
ciere erctum (lit. to put in motion, i. e.), to divide the inheritance, Cic. de Or. 1, 56, 237; cf. erctum.—C. Trop., to put in motion, to rouse up, disturb: natura maris per se immobilis est, et venti et aurae cient, Liv. 28, 27, 11:
saltum canibus ciere, Lucr. 5, 1250: fontes et stagna, Cic. poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 9, 15: tonitru caelum omne ciebo, Verg. A. 4, 122: loca sonitu cientur, Lucr. 4, 608; cf.: reboat raucum regio cita barbara bombum, id. 4, 544 Lachm. N. cr.—II. With reference to the terminus ad quem, to move, excite, or call to (poet. or in Aug. and post-Aug. prose for the common accire):
ad sese aliquem, Cat. 68, 88: ad arma, Liv. 5, 47, 4; Sil. 7, 43: in pugnam, id. 4, 272: armatos ad pugnam, Vell. 2, 6, 6: aere ciere viros, Verg. A. 6, 165: quos e proximis coloniis ejus rei fama civerat, Tac. A. 15, 33: aliquem in aliquem, id. H. 1, 84, 5: ab ultimis subsidiis cietur miles (sc. in primam aciem), Liv. 9, 39, 8: ille cieri Narcissum postulat, Tac. A. 11, 30.—B. To call upon for help, to invoke; of invoking superior beings:
nocturnos manes, Verg. A. 4, 490: luctificam Alecto dirarum ab sede sororum, id. ib. 7, 325: vipereasque ciet Stygiā de valle sorores (i. e. Furias), Ov. M. 6, 662: numina nota ciens, Val. Fl. 4, 549: foedera et deos, Liv. 22, 14, 7.—C. In gen., to call upon any one by name, to mention by name:
erum, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 11: comites magnā voce, Lucr. 4, 578: animamque sepulcro Condimus et magnā supremum voce ciemus, Verg. A. 3, 68: lamentatione flebili majores suos ciens ipsumque Pompeium, Tac. A. 3, 23: singulos nomine, id. ib. 2, 81; so Suet. Ner. 46: triumphum nomine ciere, i. e. to call Io triumphe! Liv. 45, 38, 12.—Hence, 2. In a civil sense: patrem, to name one's father, i. e. show one's free birth, Liv. 10, 8, 10.—
III. To put any course of action in progress or any passion in motion, i. e. to excite, stimulate, rouse, to produce, effect, cause, occasion, begin (very freq., esp. in poetry):
solis uti varios cursus lunaeque meatus Noscere possemus quae vis et causa cierent, Lucr. 5, 773: motus, id. 3, 379; Cic. Tusc. 1, 10, 20: varias voces, Lucr. 5, 1059: lamenta virum commoliri atque ciere, id. 6, 242 Lachm. N. cr.: tinnitus aere, Cat. 64, 262; Verg. G. 4, 64 (cie tinnitus): singultus ore, Cat. 64, 131: gemitus, Verg. G. 3, 517: fletus, id. A. 3, 344: lacrimas, id. ib. 6, 468: mugitus, id. ib. 12, 103: murmur, id. G. 1, 110; Liv. 9, 7, 3: bellum, id. 5, 37, 2; Vell. 2, 54; Tac. H. 3, 41 fin.; Verg. A. 1, 541: belli simulacra, id. ib. 5, 674: seditiones, Liv. 4, 52, 2: tumultum, id. 28, 17, 16; 41, 24, 18: vires intimas molemque belli, Tac. A. 15, 2 fin.; cf. id. H. 3, 1: pugnam, Liv. 1, 12, 2; 2, 47, 1; 9, 22, 7; Tac. A. 3, 41: proelium, Liv. 2, 19, 10; 4, 33, 3; 7, 33, 12; 10, 28, 8: Martem, Verg. A. 9, 766: acies, stragem, id. ib. 6, 829; cf. Liv. 22, 39, 7: rixam, Vell. 1, 2 al.—B. In medic.:
alvum, to cause evacuation, Plin. 20, 9, 38, § 96: urinam, id. 27, 7, 28, § 48: menses, to cause menstruation, id. 26, 15, 90, § 151 sq. al.—Hence, cĭtus, a, um, P. a., lit. put in motion; hence, quick, swift, rapid (opp. tardus, Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216; Sall. C. 15, 5; class.; esp. freq. in poetry; rare in Cic.): ad scribendum citus, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 86: quod jubeat citis quadrigis citius properet persequi, id. Aul. 4, 1, 14; Verg. A. 8, 642: bigae, Cat. 55, 26: puppis, id. 64, 6; Tib. 4, 1, 69: classis, Hor. C. 1, 37, 24: navis, Ov. M. 15, 732; Tac. A. 2, 6: axis, Ov. M. 2, 75: fugae, id. ib. 1, 543: plantae, id. ib. 10, 591: incessus, Sall. C. 15, 5: via, Liv. 33, 48, 1: venator, Hor. C. 1, 37, 18: cum militibus, Tac. A. 11, 1: legionibus, id. ib. 14, 26: agmine, id. ib. 1, 63; 4, 25: cohortes, id. ib. 12, 31: mors, Hor. C. 2, 16, 29; id. S. 1, 1, 8: pes, i. e. iambus, id. A. P. 252.—Comp.: nullam ego rem citiorem apud homines esse quam famam reor, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Fest. p. 61 Müll.; Val. Max. 3, 8, ext. 1.—Sup., Quint. 6, 4, 14 dub.; v. Spald. and Zumpt in h. l.—B. In the poets very freq. (also a few times in Tac.) instead of the adv. cito:
citi ad aedis venimus Circae, Liv. And. ap. Fest. s. v. topper, p. 352, 6 Müll.: equites parent citi, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 88; id. Stich. 2, 2, 70; Lucr. 1, 386: somnus fugiens citus abiit, Cat. 63, 42: solvite vela citi, Verg, A. 4, 574; cf. id. ib. 9, 37; 12, 425; Hor. S. 1, 10, 92; cf. id. C. 3, 7, 27: ite citi, Ov. M. 3, 562; Tac. H. 2, 40: si citi advenissent, id. A. 12, 12.—Hence, 1. cĭto, adv.
a. Quickly, speedily, soon (freq. in prose and poetry of all periods):
quam tarda es! non vis citius progredi? Phaedr. 3, 6, 2; Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 44: eloquere, id. Cist. 4, 2, 83: abi cito et suspende te, Ter. And. 1, 5, 20; 3, 1, 16: labascit victus uno verbo: quam cito! id. Eun. 1, 2, 98: quod eum negasti, qui non cito quid didicisset, umquam omnino posse perdiscere, Cic. de Or. 3, 36, 146; cf. Hor. A. P. 335; Quint. 12, 8, 3; 11, 2, 2; 10, 6, 2: non multum praestant sed cito, id. 1, 3, 4 et saep.: sat cito si sat bene, a moral saying of Cato in Hier. Ep. 66, n. 9: cito rumpes arcum, semper si tensum habueris, Phaedr. 3, 14, 10: ad paenitendum properat cito qui judicat, Publ. Syr. Sent. 6: scribere, Quint. 10, 3, 10: nimis cito diligere, Cic. Lael. 21, 78: cito absolvere, tarde condemnare, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 26.—Comp.: citius, Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 14; Pers. 3, 3, 31; Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 23; Lucr. 1, 557; 2, 34; Cic. Sen. 2, 4: Noto citius, Verg.A.5, 242 et saep.: dicto, Hor. S. 2, 2, 80; Verg. A. 1, 142: supremā die, i. e. ante supremam diem, Hor. C. 1, 13, 20: serius aut citius sedem properamus ad unam (for which serius ocius, id. ib. 2, 3, 26), sooner or later, Ov. M. 10, 33.— Sup.: citissime, Caes. B. G. 4, 33 fin. al.—b. With the negative, sometimes equivalent to non facile, not easily (cf. the Gr. τάχα):
haud cito, Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 89: neque verbis aptiorem cito alium dixerim, neque sententiis crebriorem, Cic. Brut. 76, 264: quem tu non tam cito rhetorem dixisses quam πολιτικόν, id. ib. § 265.—c. Sometimes in comp. without the negative, = potius, sooner, rather:
ut citius diceres, etc., Cic. Brut. 67, 238 fin.: citius dixerim, jactasse se aliquos, etc., id. Phil. 2, 11, 25; id. Fam. 5, 2, 10; id. Off. 1, 18, 59; Hor. S. 2, 5, 35.—* 2. cĭtē, quickly, Scrib. Comp. 198.
Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
cieō cīvī, citus, ēre
1 CI-, to cause to go, move, stir, drive: natura omnia ciens et agitans: animal motu cietur suo: imo aequora fundo, stirs up, V : alquos e municipiis, Ta.: puppes sinistrorsum citae, H.—In law: ciere erctum, to divide the inheritance.—Fig., to put in motion, rouse, disturb: aurae cient (mare), L.: tonitru caelum omne ciebo, V.— To call by name, name, call, invoke. magnā supremum voce ciemus, i. e. utter the last invocation to the Manes, V.: numina, O.: triumphum nomine, i. e. to call Io triumphe! L.: patrem, i. e. show one's free birth, L. — To summon, rouse, stir, call. ad arma, L.: aere viros, V.: ad sese alqm, Ct.: ille cieri Narcissum postulat, Ta.—To call upon for help, invoke, appeal to: nocturnos manes, V.: vipereas sorores, the Furies, O.: foedera et deos, L.— To excite, stimulate, rouse, enliven, produce, cause, occasion, begin: motūs: tinnitūs aere, Ct.: fletūs, V.: murmur, V.: pugnam, L.: pugnam impigre, Ta.: bellum, L.: belli simulacra, V.: tumultum, L.: Martem, V.
Origins
Proto-Indo-European *keyh₂-der. Proto-Italic *kieō Latin cieo From Proto-Italic *kieō (“to stir”), from Proto-Indo-European *keyh₂- (“to move”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κίω (kíō, “to go”), Ancient Greek κῑνέω (kīnéō, “to move, set in motion”), Albanian qoj (“to wake up”). (to rouse, stimulate, excite): Compare typologically Russian подви́гнуть (podvígnutʹ), сподви́гнуть (spodvígnutʹ) (akin to дви́гать (dvígatʹ), дви́нуть (dvínutʹ)).
In English words that came into English from cieō
- exciteexcitō
- inciteincitō
- citationcitatio
- reciterecitō
- solicitsollicitō
- excitationexcitātiō
- solicitoussōlicitus
- recitativerecitō
- citecito
- oscitantōscitāns
- citatorcitator
- incitantincitans
- acciteaccitō
- suscitatesuscitatus