verbfirst conjugation
citō1
citō (present infinitive citāre, perfect active citāvī, supine citātum)
Classical[ˈkɪ.toː]Ecclesiastical[ˈt͡ʃiː.to]
Meaning
- to cause to move, excite
- to summon, invite, call
Ambiguae si quando citabere testis incertaeque rei, Phalaris licet imperet ut sis falsus et admoto dictet periuria tauro, summum crede nefas animam praeferre pudori
If ever you are summoned as witness to an uncertain and doubtful case, though a Phalaris may demand you to be false and dictate perjuries with his moved bull, believe the greatest wrong is to prefer life to honor and by life to lose the reason of life.c. 100 CE – c. 130 CE, Juvenalis, Saturae VIII.80–4
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
ut testem prōferōcitō -āre — in IVLIANVS II: Imperium, ch. 10
Conjugation conjugation 1
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | citō | citābam | citābō | citāvī | citāveram | citāverō citārō |
| 2nd sg. | citās | citābās | citābis | citāvistī citāstī | citāverās citārās | citāveris |
| 3rd sg. | citat | citābat | citābit | citāvit | citāverat citārat | citāverit citārit |
| 1st pl. | citāmus | citābāmus | citābimus | citāvimus | citāverāmus | citāverimus citārimus |
| 2nd pl. | citātis | citābātis | citābitis | citāvistis citāstis | citāverātis citārātis | citāveritis citāritis |
| 3rd pl. | citant | citābant | citābunt | citāvērunt citāvēre, citārunt | citāverant citārant | citāverint citārint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | citem | citārem | citāverim citārim | citāvissem citāssem |
| 2nd sg. | citēs | citārēs | citāverīs | citāvissēs citāssēs |
| 3rd sg. | citet | citāret | citāverit citārit | citāvisset citāsset |
| 1st pl. | citēmus | citārēmus | citāverīmus citārīmus | citāvissēmus citāssēmus |
| 2nd pl. | citētis | citārētis | citāverītis citārītis | citāvissētis citāssētis |
| 3rd pl. | citent | citārent | citāverint citārint | citāvissent citāssent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | citor | citābar | citābor |
| 2nd sg. | citāris citāre | citābāris citābāre | citāberis citābere |
| 3rd sg. | citātur | citābātur | citābitur |
| 1st pl. | citāmur | citābāmur | citābimur |
| 2nd pl. | citāminī | citābāminī | citābiminī |
| 3rd pl. | citantur | citābantur | citābuntur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | citer | citārer |
| 2nd sg. | citēris citēre | citārēris citārēre |
| 3rd sg. | citētur | citārētur |
| 1st pl. | citēmur | citārēmur |
| 2nd pl. | citēminī | citārēminī |
| 3rd pl. | citentur | citārentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | citā | citāre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | citāte | citāminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | citātō | citātor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | citātō | citātor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | citātōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | citantō | citantor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | citāre | citārī citārier |
| perfect infinitive | citāvisse citāsse | citātum esse |
| future infinitive | citātūrum esse | citātum īrī |
| present participle | citāns | — |
| perfect participle | — | citātus |
| future participle | citātūrus citātūra, citātūrā, citātūrae, citātūram, citātūrārum, citātūrās, citātūre, citātūrī, citātūrīs, citātūrō, citātūrōrum, citātūrōs, citātūrum | citandus |
gerundcitandī, citandō, citandumsupinecitātum, citātū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- citatum agmen rapere
- to lead the army with forced marches.
- flumen citatum fertur
- the rivers flows with a rapid current.
- equo citato or admisso
- at full gallop.
- citato gradu incedere (cf. sect. II. 5)
- to advance rapidly.
- aliquem testem alicuius rei (in aliquid) citare
- to cite a person to give evidence on a matter.
cĭto, āvi, ātum (
I. part. perf. gen. plur. citatūm, Att. ap. Non. p. 485; inf. pass. citarier, Cat. 61, 42), 1, v. freq. a. cieo.
I. To put into quick motion, to move or drive violently or rapidly, to hurl, shake, rouse, excite, provoke, incite, stimulate, promote, etc. (mostly post-Aug. and poet.; in earlier authors usu. only in P. a.):
citat hastam, Sil. 4, 583: arma, Stat. Th. 8, 124: gradum, Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 510: urinam, Cels. 2, 19: pus, id. 5, 28, n. 13: umorem illuc, id. 4, 6: alvum, Col. 7, 9, 9: ubi luctandi juvenes animosa citavit gloria, Stat. Th. 6, 834. —2. Of plants, to put or shoot forth:
virgam, Col. 3, 6, 2; 4, 15, 2: radices, id. 5, 5, 5; id. Arb. 10, 3; Pall. Feb. 9, 6.—B. Trop.:
isque motus (animi) aut boni aut mali opinione citetur, be called forth, Cic. Tusc. 3, 11, 24 Orell. N. cr. (cf.: motus cieri, id. ib. 1, 10, 20).—II. (Like cieo, 2.) With reference to the termination ad quem, to urge to, call or summon to (class.; esp. freq. in lang. of business;
syn.: voco, adesse jubeo): patres in curiam per praeconem ad regem Tarquinium citari jussit, Liv. 1, 47, 8; id. 3, 38, 6 and 12: senatum, id. 9, 30, 2: in fora citatis senatoribus, id. 27, 24, 2: tribus ad sacramentum, Suet. Ner. 44; cf. Cat. 61, 43: judices citati in hunc reum consedistis, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 7, § 19: citari nominatim unum ex iis, etc., i. e. for enrollment for milit. service, Liv. 2, 29, 2; id. Epit. libr. 14; Val. Max. 6, 3, 4.—B. Esp.
1. In law, to call the parties, to see whether they are present (syn.:
in jus vocare, evocare): citat reum: non respondet. Citat accusatorem... citatus accusator non respondit, non affuit, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 40, § 98; 2, 2, 38, § 92; id. Div. in Caecil. 13, 41; so of those accused, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 92; id. Mil. 19, 50; Suet. Tib. 11; 61.—And of the roll of a gang of slaves: mancipia ergastuli cottidie per nomina, Col. 11, 1, 22 al.—Hence, to accuse: cum equester ordo reus a consulibus citaretur, Cic. Sest. 15, 35; Vitr. 7 praef.; and facetiously, Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 6.—With gen. of the charge or penalty: omnes ii... abs te capitis C. Rabirii nomine citantur, Cic. Rab. Perd. 11, 31; cf.: ne proditi mysterii reus a philosophis citaretur, Lact. 3, 16, 5.—Of witnesses: in hanc rem testem totam Siciliam citabo, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 59, § 146; Suet. Caes. 74; Quint. 6, 4, 7.—b. Beyond the sphere of judicial proceedings: testem, auctorem, to call one to witness, to call upon, appeal to, quote, cite:
quamvis citetur Salamis clarissimae testis victoriae, Cic. Off. 1, 22, 75: quos ego testes citaturus fui rerum a me gestarum, Liv. 38, 47, 4: poëtas ad testimonium, Petr. 2, 5: libri, quos Macer Licinius citat identidem auctores, Liv. 4, 20, 8.—To call for votes or opinions in the senate, haec illi, quo quisque ordine citabantur, Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 18.—Of an appeal to a god for aid, etc., Ov. F. 5, 683; Cat. 61, 42.—2. (Like cieo, II. C.) In gen., to mention any person or thing by name, to name, mention, call out, proclaim, announce (rare but class.;
syn. laudo): omnes Danai reliquique Graeci, qui hoc anapaesto citantur, Cic. Fin. 2, 6, 18: victorem Olympiae citari; cf. Nep. praef. § 5; Liv. 29, 37, 9; Stat. Th. 6, 922: paeanem, to rehearse, recite, Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 251: io Bacche, to call, Hor. S. 1, 3, 7 (cf.: triumphum ciere, Liv. 45, 38, 12, infra cieo, II. C. 2.); Col. 11, 1, 22.—Hence, cĭtātus, a, um, part., driven, urged on, hastened, hurried; and P a., quick, rapid, speedy, swift (opp. tardus; class.). A. Prop., freq.:
citato equo, at full gallop, Caes. B. C. 3, 96; Liv. 1, 27, 7; 3, 46, 6; so, equis, id. 1, 5, 8; cf. Verg. A. 12, 373 al.: jumentis, Suet. Ner. 5: pede, Cat. 63, 2: tripudiis, id. 63, 26: citato gradu, Liv. 28, 14, 17: passibus, Sen. Hippol. 9: axe, Juv. 1, 60: citatum agmen, Liv. 35, 30, 1: citatiore agmine ad stativa sua pervenit, id. 27, 50, 1; so, citatissimo agmine, id. 22, 6, 10 al.: amnis citatior, id. 23, 19, 11: flumen, Sen. Herc. Fur. 178: nautae, Prop. 1, 8, 23: rates, Sen. Hippol. 1048; Luc. 8, 456: currus, Sil. 8, 663: Euro citatior, Sil. 4, 6: alvus citatior, Plin. 7, 15, 13, § 63.—Also instead of an adv. (cf. citus, B.): Rhenus per fines Trevirorum citatus fertur, Caes. B. G. 4, 10: ferunt citati signa, Liv. 41, 3, 8: penna citatior ibat, Sil. 10, 11.—B. Trop., quick, rapid, vehement, impetuous:
argumenta acria et citata, Quint. 9, 4, 135; and transf. to persons: in argumentis citati atque ipso etiam motu celeres sumus, id. 9, 4, 138: Roscius citatior, Aesopus gravior fuit, id. 11, 3, 111; 11, 3, 17: pronuntiatio (opp. pressa), id. 11, 3, 111: citatior manus (opp. lenior), id. 11, 3, 102: soni tum placidi tum citati, Gell. 1, 11, 15.—Adv.: cĭtātē, quickly, speedily, nimbly, rapidly (perh. only in the two foll. examples): piscatores citatius moventur, Quint. 11, 3, 112: ut versus quam citatissime volvant, id. 1, 1, 37.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
citō āvī, ātus, āre, intens.
cieo, to put in quick motion, rouse, excite, only in P. perf.; see citatus.—To urge, call, summon: patres in curiam citari, L.: centuriatim populum, L.: iudices: citari nominatim unum ex iis, etc. (for enrolment), L.— In law, to call, summon: citat reum: citat accusatorem ... citatus accusator non respondit: omnes abs te rei capitis citantur.—To call to witness, call upon, appeal to: quos ego testīs citaturus fui, L.: numina, O. — Fig., to call forth, excite: motus (animi) opinione citetur. — To appeal to, quote, cite: quamvis citetur Salamis testis victoriae: quos (libros) auctores, L.—To mention by name, name, mention, proclaim, announce: Graeci, qui hoc anapaesto citantur: victorem Olympiae citari, N.: paeanem, to reiterate: io Bacche, call out, H.: citarier ad suum munus, invoked, Ct.
Origins
From cieō (“to move, stir”) + -tō.
Descendants
- Catalancitar
- Germanzitieren
- Italiancitare
- Englishcitefrom Old French citer
- Frenchciterfrom Old French citer
- Portuguesecitar
- Romaniancita
- Spanishcitar
- Swedishcitera