Academy

Greek and Roman Antiquities

Labyrinthus . This is by some set down as the corruption of an Egyptian word meaning the building at t
Lacerna was a woollen cloak worn by the Romans over the toga (Mart. 8.28), which explains Juvenal'
Lacinia the angular extremity of the toga, one end of which was brought round over the left should
Lacus 1. See FONS 2. See TORCULAR 3. Lacus (βαφὴ) was also used for the bath in which the smith
Laena The same word as the Greek. χλαῖνα, and perhaps radically connected with λάχνη (lana), tho
Lagona or LAGUNA (also lagoena, lagena, λάγυνος). There is considerable difference about the spel
Lampadedromia often also simply λαμπα;ς, λαμπαδοῦχος ἀγών or δρόμος, ἑορτὴ λαμπάδος, and less frequently
Lanterna == the Greek λυχνοῦχος (see below), also ἰπνός (Aristoph. Peace 841), a lantern. Two bronz
Lanx 1. A general term, including various forms of dishes different in shape and use, but, as f
Laphria an annual festival, celebrated at Patrae in Achaia, in honour of Artemis, surnamed Laphria
Laqueus properly a rope with a noose in it, whereby anything might be pulled or led (according to
Lararium was a place set apart in a Roman house for the worship of the Lar familiaris or (later) La
Larentalia sometimes written LARENTINALIA (Macrob. 1.10; Lactant. Inst. 1.20), was a Roman festival i
Later dim. LATERCULUS (πλίνθος, dim. πλινθίς, πλινθίον), a brick. Besides the Greeks and Romans,
Latinitas LATIUM, JUS LATII (τὸ καλούμενον Λάτιον, Strabo iv. p.187; Λατίου δίκαιον, Appian, App. BC
Latrocinium LATRONES. Armed persons who robbed others abroad on the public roads or elsewhere were cal
Latrunculi a game of skill resembling draughts, played in a variety of ways by both Greeks and Romans
Lautumiae LAUTOMIAE, LATOMIAE, or LATUMIAE (λιθοτομίαι or λατομίαι, Lat. Lapicidinae), are literally
Lebes in Greek usage a sort of kettle made of copper or iron, and put over the fire to cook (Il.
Lectica in Greek φορεῖον or σκιμπόδιον (D. C. 57.4), was a litter or palanquin in which persons we
Lectisternium a sacred feast at which certain of the gods were…
Lectus a bed. In the Homeric poems we find three kinds of beds distinguished: (1) λέχος, a heavy
Legatum is defined by Florentinus in Dig 30, 116, as delibatio hereditatis qua testator ex eo quod
Legatus is a person dispatched on an official mission, just as the neuter legatum is used of prope
Leges Agrariae Agrariae [AGRARIAE LEGES: and LEX APULEIA; CASSIA; CORNELIA; FLAMINIA; FLAVIA; JULIA; LICI
Leges Antoniae Antoniae the name of various enactments proposed or passed by the influence of M. Antonius
Leges Clodiae Clodiae a number of plebiscita carried by Clodius when tribune, B.C. 58, and frequently re
Leges Coloniae Genetivae Coloniae Genetivae a lex of B.C. 44, regulating the constitution of this colony, establish
Leges Corneliae Corneliae These comprise (I.) a large number of leges passed by Sulla in his dictatorship
Leges Juliae Judiciariae Juliae Judiciariae One of Julius Caesar deprived the tribuni aerarii of their share in the
Leges Liciniae Liciniae In B.C. 375 C. Licinius Stole and L. Sextius, two of the tribunes of the plebs, p
Leges Liviae Liviae Various enactments carried by M. Livius Drusus the younger, when tribunus plebis B.
Leges Manilianae Manilianae (Cic. de Orat. 1.58, 246). These were not statutes at all, but forms which it w
Leges Rupiliae Rupiliae These are not leges proper, but regulations for the organisation of Sicily, compr
Leges Sacratae Sacratae (mentioned or referred to by Liv. 2.33, 3.55, 7.41, &c.; and Cic. pro Sest. 7, 16
Leges Sulpiciae Sulpiciae proposed by the tribune P. Sulpicius Galba, a supporter of Marius, B.C. 88, and
Leges Valeriae Valeriae proposed and carried B.C. 508 by the consul P. Valerius, with the object of relie
Leges Valeriae Horatiae Valeriae Horatiae carried B.C. 449 by the consuls L. Valerius Potitus and M. Horatius Barb
Leiturgia the name given to certain public…
Lembus according to Fulgentius called also dromo, which defines it as a swift and light vessel. I
Lemuria a festival for the souls of the departed, which was celebrated at Rome every year in the m
Leno LENOCINIUM. Lenocinium is defined by Ulpian as the keeping of slaves or free women for pro
Leonideia were solemnities celebrated every year at Sparta in honour of Leonidas, who, with his 300
Lepesta a wine bowl mentioned by Varro among vasa vinaria. He also says, Ubi erat vinam in mensa p
Lernaea were mysteries celebrated at Lerna in Argolis in honour of Demeter and also to Dionysus, f
Lesche seems to be connected with λέγω, though the history of the form which it takes is not quit
Lex This term indicates generally a rule of law binding universally on the citizens of a given
Lex Aebutia Aebutia enacted probably about B.C. 170 (for the various views as to its precise date see
Lex Aelia Aelia This and a Lex Fufia passed towards the end of the sixth century of the city (Cic. i
Lex Aelia Sentia Aelia Sentia This was passed A.D. 4, mainly to prevent the true Roman population from bein
Lex Aemilia Aemilia DE CENSORIBUS, passed by M. Aemilius when dictator, B.C. 433: it gave the censors,
Lex Aemilia Aemilia SUMPTUARIA, passed by Aemilius Lepidus, B.C. 179 (Macrob. Saturn. 2.13, p. 369). P
Lex Ampia Ampia a lex proposed by T. Ampius and T. Labienus, trib. plebis, B.C. 64, by which Cn. Pom
Lex Anastasiana Anastasiana a constitution of the Emperor Anastasius, A.D. 506 (Cod. 4, 35, 22), providing
Lex Annales Annales were those statutes which determined at what age a man might be a candidate for th
Lex Antonia Antonia DE TERMESSENSIBUS, a plebiscitum enacted circ. 72 B.C., by which Termessus in Pisi
Lex Apuleia Apuleia B.C. 102, gave one of two or more sponsors or fidepromissors (sureties), who paid
Lex Apuleia Apuleia AGRARIA, proposed by the tribune L. Apuleius Saturninus, B.C. 101 (Liv. Epit. 69;
Lex Apuleia Apuleia DE COLONIIS DEDUCENDIS, perhaps really a chapter of the preceding lex: at any rate
Lex Apuleia Apuleia MAJESTATIS, probably passed by the same tribune and about the same time (Cic. de O
Lex Aternia Tarpeia Aternia Tarpeia B.C. 454, gave to all magistrates the right, which had hitherto belonged o
Lex Atia Atia DE SACERDOTIIS, B.C. 63, proposed by the tribune T. Atius Labienus; it restored the r
Lex Atinia Atinia passed perhaps B.C. 198, repeated the rule of the Twelve Tables that stolen propert
Lex Atinia Atinia a plebiscitum of the time of Sulla; apparently enacted that tribuni plebis should b
Lex Aurelia Aurelia JUDICIARIA, B.C. 71 (Cornel. fragm. 26; Ascon. in Pis. p. 16, 19, in Com. p. 67, 7
Lex Baebia Baebia B.C. 192, enacted that four and six praetors should be chosen in alternate years; b
Lex Caecilia Caecilia DE CENSORIBUS or CENSORIA, carried by Metellus Scipio, B.C. 52: it repealed a ple
Lex Caecilia Caecilia DE VECTIGALIBUS, B.C. 62, released the harbours of Italy from payment of direct t
Lex Calidia Calidia B.C. 99, by which Q. Metellus Numidicus was recalled from exile (V. Max. 5.2, 7; A
Lex Canuleia Canuleia B.C. 445, legalised conubium between patricians and plebeians, which had been den
Lex Cassia Cassia B.C. 104, proposed by the tribune L. Cassius Longinus: it deprived of their senator
Lex Cassia Cassia (Tac. Ann. 11.25) empowered the dictator Caesar to add to the number of the patrici
Lex Cassia Terentia Frumentaria Cassia Terentia Frumentaria B.C. 73, provided for the distribution of corn among the poore
Lex Cicereia Cicereia enacted that a creditor on taking sponsors or fidepromissors should first state p
Lex Cincia Cincia or MUNERALIS, a plebiscitum carried by the tribune M. Cincius Alimentus, B.C. 204 (
Lex Claudia Claudia passed by the Emperor Claudius: it abolished the tutela legitima of agnates over w
Lex Claudia Claudia DE SENATORIBUS, a plebiscitum of 218. B.C.: it enacted that no senator or senator'
Lex Clodia Clodia DE AUSPICIIS [see AELIA]: it is also enacted ut omnibus fastis diebus legem ferri l
Lex Clodia Clodia DE CIVIBUS ROMANIS INTEREMTIS, which led to Cicero's exile: it interdicted from fir
Lex Clodia Clodia DE COLLEGIIS restored the clubs or guilds (collegia) which had been abolished by a
Lex Clodia Clodia DE REGE PTOLEMAEO ET DE EXSULIBUS BYZANTINIS (Vell. 2.45; Cic. pro Domo, 8, 20; 20,
Lex Clodia Clodia FRUMENTARIA, directing the free distribution of corn to the poorer citizens instead
Lex Cornelia Cornelia DE CIVITATE (Liv. Epit. lxxxvi.; Cic. pro Dom. 30, 79; pro Caec. 35, 102; Sallust
Lex Cornelia Cornelia DE SICARIIS ET VENEFICIS. From Pliny (Plin. Nat. 18.12) we learn that the Twelve
Lex Cornelia Cornelia JUDICIARIA took the judicia away from the equites exclusively, and divided them b
Lex Cornelia Cornelia TRIBUNICIA took away to a large extent the tribunes' right of intercession, and d
Lex Cornelia Cornelia UNCIARIA, perhaps passed about the same time as Sulla's Lex sumptuaria. It seems
Lex Cornelia Cornelia DE EDICTIS, passed by C. Cornelius, tribunus plebis, B.C. 67: it enacted that pra
Lex Cornelia Cornelia DE INJURIIS, B.C. 81, perhaps a statute of Sulla. Its original object was the cri
Lex Cornelia Cornelia DE NOVIS TABULIS, passed by P. Cornelius Dolabella, B.C. 47 (Liv. Epit. cxiii.; D
Lex Cornelia Cornelia DE SPONSORIBUS (B.C. 81), probably enacted by Sulla: it provided that (with a few
Lex Cornelia Cornelia NE QUIS LEGIBUS SOLVERETUR, passed by C. Cornelius, tribunus plebis, B.C. 67, and
Lex Cornelia Cornelia DE MAGISTRATIBUS, making discharge of inferior magistracies a necessary condition
Lex Cornelia Cornelia DE PROSCRIPTIONE (Cic. in Verr. 1.47, 123; pro Sext. Rose. 43, 125-128; Vell. 2.2
Lex Cornelia Cornelia DE PROVINCIIS ORDINANDIS limited the costs which might be incurred by provincial
Lex Cornelia Cornelia DE REJECTIONE JUDICUM allowed an accused senator the right of challenging a large
Lex Cornelia Cornelia DE SENTENTIA FERENDA enabled the accused to say whether the votes of the judges s
Lex Cornelia Caecilia Cornelia Caecilia DE CN. POMPEIO, B.C. 57, gave Cn. Pompeius extraordinary powers for five
Lex Crepereia Crepereia a lex of the Second Punic War, which regulated the coinage by fixing the relatio
Lex Curiata Curiata DE ADOPTIONE (Gel. 5.19; Cic. Att. 2.7, 2; de prov. Consul. 19, 45; pro Domo, 15,
Lex Decimaria Decimaria a chapter of the Lex Papia Poppaea, limiting the amount which a wife could take
Lex Domitia Domitia DE SACERDOTIIS, B.C. 105 (Cic. in Rull. 2.7, 18; Epist. ad Brut. 1.5; Suet. Nero 2
Lex Duilia Duilia a plebiscitum of 449 B.C., imposing severe penalties on the tribune responsible for
Lex Duilia Maenia Duilia Maenia DE UNCIARIO FENORE, B.C. 357, establishing or confirming a rate of interest
Lex Duodecim Tabularum Duodecim Tabularum The enactment of the Twelve Tables was the outcome of plebeian agitatio
Lex Fabia Fabia DE PLAGIARIIS (Cic. Rab. Perd. 3, 8; Paul. Sent. rec. 5.306; Inst. 4.18, 10; Dig. 48
Lex Flaminia Flaminia an agrarian law for the distribution of lands in Gaul and Picenum, proposed by C.
Lex Flaminia Flaminia MINUS SOLVENDI, B.C. 217, reduced debts by more than a third by allowing sixteen
Lex Flavia Agraria Flavia Agraria B.C. 60: by this the tribune L. Flavius proposed a distribution of lands am
Lex Fufia Fufia DE RELIGIONE, B.C. 61, a plebiscitum of the tribune Q. Fufius Calenus, relating to t
Lex Fufia Fufia JUDICIARIA (B.C. 59?) apparently provided that the senators, knights, and tribuni ae
Lex Fufia Caninia Fufia Caninia circ. A.D. 4, limited the number of slaves who could be manumitted by will (
Lex Furia Atilia Furia Atilia a plebiscitum of 137 B.C. enacting the surrender of C. Mancinus to the Numant
Lex Gabinia Gabinia DE SENATU LEGATIS DANDO, a plebiscitum of Aulus Gabinius, tribunus plebis B.C. 67,
Lex Gabinia Gabinia DE UNO: IMPERATORE, &c., passed by the same tribune in the same year, and conferri
Lex Gabinia Gabinia DE VERSURA, passed by the same tribune in the same year, and forbidding all loans
Lex Gellia Cornelia Gellia Cornelia B.C. 72, gave to Cn. Pompeius the extraordinary power of conferring the Ro
Lex Genucia Genucia DE FENORE, B.C. 343, forbade taking interest for the use of money (Liv. 7.42; Tac.
Lex Genucia Genucia DE CONSULATU, B.C. 343, a proposal by the same tribune Genucius for opening both c
Lex Glicia Glicia a statute supposed by Cujacius as the origin of the querela inofficiosi testamenti,
Lex Horatia Horatia B.C. 449, made the persons of the tribunes, aediles, and decemviri sacrosancti (Li
Lex Hortensia Hortensia DE PLEBISCITIS, B.C. 287 (Plin. Nat. 16.37; Gel. 15.27, 4; Gaius, 1.3; Inst. 1.2
Lex Hortensia Hortensia DE NUNDINIS, of about the same date, enacted that the market days, which had hit
Lex Hostilia Hostilia enabled the actio furti to be brought by an agent on behalf of any person who (or
Lex Icilia Icilia DE AVENTINO PUBLICANDO, a plebiscitum proposed by L. Icilius, B.C. 456, granting th
Lex Icilia Icilia TRIBUNICIA, B.C. 469, enacted that any person who interfered with a tribune in the
Lex Ii Cornelia Ii Cornelia DE NOVORUM CIVIUM ET LIBERTINORUM SUFFRAGIIS, B.C. 87 (Cic. Phil. 8.2, 7; Veil
Lex Iii Cornelia Baebia Iii Cornelia Baebia DE AMBITU, B.C. 181, passed by the consuls P. Cornelius Cethegus and M
Lex Julia Julia AGRARIA, passed by Julius Caesar in his first consulate, B.C. 59: it provided for an
Lex Julia Julia DE FENORE (or DE PECUNIIS MUTUIS or CREDITIS), passed by Julius Caesar when dictator
Lex Julia Julia DE FUNDO DOTALI, a chapter of the Lex Julia de adulteriis: it absolutely prohibited
Lex Julia Julia DE PROVINCIIS, passed by Julius Caesar: it limited the governorship of a praetorian
Lex Julia Julia, ET PLAUTIA, of uncertain date, enacted that res vi possessae should stand on the sa
Lex Julia Julia, ET TITIA (supposed to have been passed B.C. 31) assigned to the governors of provin
Lex Julia Julia DE ANNONA, directed against attempts to raise in any way the price of corn, and maki
Lex Julia Julia DE BONIS CEDENDIS. Up to nearly the end of the Republic an insolvent debtor was unab
Lex Julia et Papia Poppaea Julia et Papia Poppaea The relation of this statute to the Lex Julia de maritandis ordinib
Lex Julia Miscella Julia Miscella avoiding a condition annexed to the institution of a heir or a legacy to th
Lex Julia Municipalis Julia Municipalis commonly called the Tabula Heracleensis. It was discovered on bronze in
Lex Julia Sumptuaria Julia Sumptuaria passed B.C. 49 by Julius Caesar (Cic. Att. 13, 7, 1; ad Fam. 7, 26, 2; 9,
Lex Julia Theatralis Julia Theatralis (Sueton. Aug. 40; Plin. Nat. 33.32) permitted Roman equites, in case they
Lex Junia Junia DE PEREGRINIS, or JUNIA PENNI, a plebiscitum of M. Junius Pennus, B.C. 126, expellin
Lex Junia Norbana Junia Norbana probably A.D. 19 (see Puchta, Institutionen, § 213, note u), created the sta
Lex Junia Petronia Junia Petronia or PATRONIA, enacted that if the judges in a suit relating to personal free
Lex Junia Velleia Junia Velleia A.D. 10, made it possible (which hitherto had not been allowed) to either in
Lex Laetoria Laetoria the same as PLAETORIA [CURATOR]. Sometimes the lex proposed by Volero for electin
Lex Lentuli Lentuli (Cic. ad Fam. 13.48), really a magisterial decretum relating to the provincial org
Lex Licinia Licinia of uncertain date, containing provisions similar to those of the second Lex Aebuti
Lex Licinia Licinia DE SODALITIIS, B.C. 56 (Cic. pro Planc. 15, 36; ad Fam. 8, 2, 1: see Wunder's Prol
Lex Licinia Junia Licinia Junia sometimes called JUNIA LICINIA, passed B.C. 62 by the consuls L. Licinius Mu
Lex Licinia Mucia Licinia Mucia DE CIVIBUS REGUNDIS (probably REDIGUNDIS), passed B.C. 95 by the consuls L.
Lex Lutatia Lutatia DE VI [VIS]. The supposed existence of such a lex (based on Cicero, pro Caelio, 29
Lex Maenia Maenia probably passed by Maenius, tribunus plebis, B.C. 287. It is mentioned only by Cice
Lex Maenia Maenia DE DOTE, B.C. 186: see Voigt's treatise on the subject, Weimar, 1866, and Puchta, I
Lex Mamilia Mamilia DE COLONIIS. It was supposed that Rudorff had proved (Zeitschrift, 9.12) that the
Lex Mamilia Mamilia DE JUGURTHAE FAUTORIBUS established a special tribunal of three quaesitores to inv
Lex Mamilia Mamilia FINIUM REGUNDORUM (B.C. 110, Ernesti; B.C. 165, Pighius) re-enacted the provision
Lex Manilia Manilia proposed by the tribune C. Manilius B.C. 66, and conferring on Cu. Pompeius the co
Lex Manilia Manilia DE LIBERTINORUM SUFFRAGIIS (D. C. 36.25; Ascon. in Corn. pp. 64, 65): perhaps the
Lex Manlia Manlia a name wrongly given to the Lex Licinia de creandis triumviris epulonibus, because
Lex Manlia Manlia DE LIBERTINORUM SUFFRAGIIS, B.C. 58, probably identical with the Lex Manilia of the
Lex Manlia Manlia DE VICESIMA MANUMISSORUM, B.C. 357, imposed a tax of one-fifth on the value of all
Lex Marcia Marcia circ. 352 B.C., prescribed the procedure per manus injectionem against feneratores
Lex Maria Maria proposed by C. Marius, when tribune B.C. 119, for narrowing the pontes at elections
Lex Mensia Mensia or MINICIA enacted that the children of parents, either of whom was a peregrinus, s
Lex Ogulnia Ogulnia proposed by two Ogulnii, who were tribunes B.C. 300: it increased the number of th
Lex Oppia Oppia B.C. 215 (Liv. 34.1, 8; V. Max. 9.1, 3). It was repealed twenty years after its enac
Lex Ovinia Ovinia enacted probably circ. B.C. 312: apparently assigned to the censors the function of
Lex Papiria Papiria or JULIA PAPIRIA DE MULTARUM AESTIMATIONE, B.C. 430, substituted money fines for t
Lex Papiria Papiria 89 B.C., fixed the value of the as at half an ounce: one of the numerous enactment
Lex Papiria Papiria DE ACERRANORUM CIVITATE, B.C. 332, proposed by L. Papirius when praetor, and givin
Lex Papiria Papiria DE CONSECRATIONE AEDIUM, circ. 303 B.C., enacted that no land, temple, or altar sh
Lex Papiria Papiria DE SACRAMENTO, a plebiscitum of L. Papirius, providing that the tres viri capitale
Lex Papiria Plautia Papiria Plautia B.C. 89, enacted that all cives and incolae of foederatae civitates, who a
Lex Pedia Pedia B.C. 44, interdicted from fire and water all who had taken part in the murder of Jul
Lex Peducaea Peducaea a privilegium of B.C. 114, relating to incest committed by certain Vestal Virgins
Lex Pesulania Pesulania seems to have extended to dogs the rule of the Twelve Tables (Inst. 4.9, pr.; Di
Lex Petreia Petreia, A lex of this name (de decimatione militum) applying in cases of mutiny is mentio
Lex Petronia Petronia forbade masters to make their slaves fight with wild beasts, unless they had comm
Lex Pinaria Pinaria (Gaius, 4.15). Its effect is merely matter of conjecture. According to Studemund a
Lex Plaetoria Plaetoria allowed the praetor to fix any time he pleased for the termination of legal proc
Lex Plautia Plautia or PLOTIA DE VI (Ascon. in Milon. 35; Cic. Att. 2.2. 4; de Harusp. Resp. 8; Sallus
Lex Plautia Plautia or PLOTIA JUDICIARIA, B.C. 89, enacted that fifteen persons should be selected ann
Lex Poetelia Papiria Poetelia Papiria the name usually given to a lex, supposed to have been passed B.C. 326, f
Lex Pompeia Pompeia B.C. 89, passed by Cn. Pompeius Strabo, father of the great Pompeius, when consul:
Lex Pompeia Pompeia DE JURE MAGISTRATUUM (Sueton. Caesar, 28; Cic. Att. 8.3, 3, cf. Phil. 2.10, 24; D.
Lex Pompeia Pompeia DE PARRICIDIIS, B.C. 52. It is difficult to come to any definite conclusion as to
Lex Pompeia Pompeia DE VI, a privilegium relating to the trial of Milo by a quaestio extraordinaria fo
Lex Pompeia Pompeia TRIBUNICIA, B.C. 70, restored the old tribunicia potestas which Sulla had almost d
Lex Porcia Porcia probably B.C. 197, appears to have enacted that a Roman citizen might save himself
Lex Porcia Porcia DE PROVINCIALIBUS SUMPTIBUS, apparently due to M. Portius Cato, praetor B.C. 298, a
Lex Praediatoria Praediatoria the reading in some editions of Gaius (4.28); but the true reading, according
Lex Publicia Publicia permitted betting at certain games which required strength, such as running and l
Lex Publilia Publilia proposed by Publilius Volero, tribunus plebis, and carried after much opposition
Lex Publilia Publilia DE SPONSU gave the kind of surety called a sponsor an actio depensi to recover tw
Lex Publiliae Leges Publiliae Leges carried B.C. 339 by the Dictator Q. Publilius Philo: their substance is th
Lex Pupia Pupia (Cic. ad Q. Fratr. 2.13; ad Fam. 1.4) enacted that the senate should not sit on dies
Lex Quintia Quintia a lex proposed by T. Quintius Crispinus (consul B.C. 9) for the preservation of th
Lex Regia Regia properly LEX DE IMPERIO PRINCIPIS. The nature of the imperium, and the mode in which
Lex Rhodia Rhodia a term used to denote those portions of the Rhodian maritime code (referred to by S
Lex Roscia Theatralis Roscia Theatralis carried by the tribune L. Roscius Otho, B.C. 67: it assigned to the Equi
Lex Rubria Rubria or GALLIAE CISALPINAE. When Cisalpine Gaul ceased to be a province and became part
Lex Rutilia Rutilia related to the appointment of the tribuni militum (Festus, s. v. Rufuli; Liv. 8.5;
Lex Saenia Saenia DE PATRICIORUM NUMERO AUGENDO, enacted in the fifth consulship of Augustus (Tac. An
Lex Salpensana Salpensana a lex of the Emperor Domitian, A.D. 81-84, regulating the constitution of the L
Lex Scantinia Scantinia a lex of unknown date, enacted for the suppression of unnatural crime (Auson. Ep
Lex Scribonia Scribonia of unknown date, enacted that praedial urban servitudes should not be acquirable
Lex Scribonia Viaria Scribonia Viaria carried by the tribune C. Scribonius Curio, B.C. 51. Its motive and purpo
Lex Sempronia Sempronia DE CAPITE CIVIUM, carried by Caius Gracchus, B.C. 123: it re-affirmed the old le
Lex Sempronia Sempronia DE PECUNIA CREDITA or DE FENORE, passed by the tribune M. Sempronius Tuditanus,
Lex Sempronia Sempronia DE PROVINCIA ASIA provided that the taxes of the Roman province of Asia should b
Lex Sempronia Sempronia DE PROVINCIIS CONSULARIBUS, passed by C. Gracchus, B.C. 123: it enacted that bef
Lex Sempronia Sempronia DE SUFFRAGIIS, passed by C. Gracchus: it enacted that the order in which the cen
Lex Sempronia Sempronia FRUMENTARIA of C. Gracchus (Cic. Tusc. 3.20, 48; pro Sestio, 48, 103; de Off. 2.
Lex Sempronia Sempronia JUDICIARIA, carried by C. Gracchus, B.C. 122: it took the judicia publica from t
Lex Sempronia Sempronia NE QUIS JUDICIO CIRCUMVENIRETUR (Cic. pro Cluentio, 55, 151). It seems in realit
Lex Sempronia Agraria Sempronia Agraria carried by Tiberius Gracchus when tribune, B.C. 133. In settling its pro
Lex Servilia Agraria Servilia Agraria brought forward by the tribune P. Servilius Rullus, B.C. 63: it proposed
Lex Servilia Glaucia Servilia Glaucia DE REPETUNDIS, B.C. 104 (Cic. pro Scauro, 1, 2; pro Rab. Post. 4, 9; in V
Lex Servilta Judiciaria Servilta Judiciaria B.C. 106: by this the consul Q. Servilius Caepio restored to the senat
Lex Silia Silia circ. 244 B.C., introduced the legis actio called condictio, for the recovery of cer
Lex Silia Silia a plebiscitum proposed by P. and M. Silius, tribuni plebis, in respect of publica po
Lex Sulpicia Sempeonia Sulpicia Sempeonia B.C. 304; clearly the same as the LEX PAPIRIA DE CONSECRATIONE AEDIUM,
Lex Terentilia Terentilia the proposals of the tribune C. Terentilius Arsa (B.C. 462), which eventually l
Lex Thoria Thoria This agrarian law, proposed by a tribune named Sp. Thorius, is mentioned by Cicero
Lex Trebonia Trebonia carried by the tribune L. Trebonius (B.C. 448), and enacting that if the Comitia
Lex Tribunicia Tribunicia Plebiscita are commonly described as leges tribuniciae: but the term is also ap
Lex Tullia Tullia DE AMBITU, carried by Cicero B.C. 63 (pro Mur. 3, 23, 32, &c.; pro Sest. 64, 163; i
Lex Valeria Valeria DE AERE ALIENO, carried B.C. 86 by L. Valerius Flaccus, reducing all debts by thre
Lex Valeria Valeria DE CIVITATE CALLIPHANAE VELIENSIS, B.C. 98, a privilegium by which a priestess of
Lex Valeria Valeria DE SULLA DICTTORE, carried by L. Valerius Flaccus, B.C. 82, giving the force of la
Lex Vallia Vallia according to Studemund's recension, the name of the statute mentioned by Gaius (4.2
Lex Vatinia Vatinia DE COLONIS, under which the Latin colony of Novum Comum in Cisalpine Gaul was foun
Lex Vatinia Vatinia DE IMPERIO C. CAESARIS, carried B.C. 59 by the tribune P. Vatinius: it conferred o
Lex Vatinia Vatinia DE REJECTIONE JUDICUM, carried by the same P. Vatinius: it enabled both accuser an
Lex Vatinia Vatinia DE L. VETTII INDICIO (Cic. in Vatin. 11, 26; D. C. 38.9; Appian, App. BC 2.12; Sch
Lex Vectibulici Vectibulici a law supposed to have been passed by the Comitia in the time of Trajan, and s
Lex Viaria Viaria a name sometimes given to the lex of Scribonius Curio, de viis muniendis [SCRIBONIA
Lex Visellia Visellia A.D. 23, rendered libertini liable to a criminal prosecution who fraudulently att
Libella 1. The diminutive form of libra, a Roman pound, and naturally applied not to the heavy pou
Libellus properly the diminutive form of liber, and therefore means a small book-roll [see LIBER];
Liber a book. But it must be recollected that these words in Greek and Latin until a very late p
Liber LIBERTAS. The division of men into free and slaves is the summa divisio de jure personarum
Liberalia were celebrated on March 17. Though the day was sacred to Bacchus, this must be understood
Libertus a freedman. Greek Concerning freedmen, as concerning slaves, our information mostly relate
Libra the unit of weight among the Romans and Italians. The libra or pound of copper was also th
Libra a balance, a pair of scales. The principal parts of this instrument were: (1) the beam (ju
Librarii slaves who were employed for writing or copying in any way, and sometimes also the readers
Librator is in general a person who examines things by a libra; but the name was, in particular, ap
Lictor an attendant upon certain magistrates and other persons discharging official duties at Rom
Ligo was a hoe formed either of one broad iron or of two curved iron prongs fixed at right angl
Ligula a Roman measure of fluid capacity, containing one fourth of the CYATHUS (Columella, R. B.
Lima a file, was made of iron or steel, for the purpose of polishing metal or stone, and appear
Limbus the border of a tunic or a scarf, chiefly in the woman's dress (Verg. A. 4.137; Serv. ad l
Limus was the apron tied round the waist and reaching nearly to the feet worn by the popa, or sl
Lithobolia a festival celebrated at Troezen in commemoration of two maidens who came there from Crete
Litis contestatio contestatio Under the oldest Roman civil process--that known as the legis actiones --the p
Litra was the unit corresponding, though not equivalent among the Greeks of Sicily, to the libra
Lituus Müller (Die Etrusker, 4.1, 5) supposes this to be an Etruscan word signifying crooked, but
Lixae were sutlers who followed the Roman legions for trading purposes. So far as they are disti
Locatio conductio conductio or letting and hiring, is, like sale [EMPTIO VENDITIO], one of the four Roman co
Loculi a small coffer or casket with compartments (cf. loculatae arculae, Varro, R. R. 3.17), whe
Locupletes were Roman freeholders of land who were included in the five classes of Servius as liable
Lodix dim. LODICULA (σάγιον), a small shaggy blanket (Juv. 7.66). Sometimes two lodices sewed to
Logistica [λογιστική, sc. τέχνη, Plat. Gorg. 450 D, &c.: the nearest Latin equivalents appear to be
Logographi is a name applied by the Greeks to two distinct classes of persons. 1. To the earlier Gree
Lorica a cuirass. The epithet λινοθώρηξ applied to two light-armed warriors in the Iliad (2.529,
Lucar was the money paid from the state treasury to those who presided over the ludi scenici, as
Lucerna an oil lamp. The Greeks and Romans originally used candles; but in later times candles wer
Lucta LUCTATIO (πάλη, πάλαισμα, παλαισμοσύνη, or καββαλική), wrestling. The word πάλη is sometim
Ludi is a general term comprising the various spectacles and contests of the circus and amphith
Ludi actiaci actiaci or ACTIA (Ἄκτια). Games celebrated to the Actian Apollo. 1. At Rome. --Though unde
Ludi apollinares apollinares These games were established in the year 212 B.C., in accordance with a prophe
Ludi Capitolini Capitolini Livy (5.50, 4) tells us that in the year 390 B.C., after the defeat of the Gaul
Ludi Martiales Martiales or rather MARTIS ULTORIS. The temple to Mars Ultor was dedicated on Aug. 1, 2 B.
Ludi palatini palatini After Augustus died, Livia and Tiberius had dedicated an altar to the Numen of Au
Ludi piscatorii piscatorii We know that the fishermen and the divers of the whole bed of the Tiber formed
Ludi plebeii plebeii These were certainly held in the Circus Flaminius (V. Max. 1.7, 4), and are mentio
Ludi Romani Romani These games (the chief Roman festival) were in honour of Jupiter (Festus, s. v. Mag
Ludi saeculares saeculares Saeculum, like so many words expressing time in Latin (annus, mensis, dies, Cen
Ludi Taurii Taurii were of a similar nature, and due to a somewhat similar origin as the Ludi Saecular
Ludi victoriae Caesaris victoriae Caesaris or VENERIS GENETRICIS. These were first celebrated in 46 B.C. by Julius
Ludi victoriae sujllanae victoriae sujllanae were established by Sulla in 82 B.C. The original day was the Kalends
Ludi volcanalici volcanalici The coins of 20 B.C., stamped Mars Ultor and Volkanus ultor (Eckhel, 6.96), wo
Ludus litterarius litterarius (διδασκαλεῖον), a school. 1. In Greece. The education of children in Homeric t
Lupercalia probably the most ancient of the Roman festivals, was held every year on the 15th of Febru
Luperci were the members of a very ancient, perhaps the most ancient, corporation of priests at Ro
Lupus ferreus ferreus the grappling-iron used by the besieged in repelling the attacks of the besiegers,
Lustratio called by the Greeks κάθαρσις, is a term which covers a great variety of ceremonies in the
Lustrum The term lustrum primarily meant a purification by sacrifice. Varro (L. L. 6.2) explains i
Lycaea a festival celebrated by the Arcadians in honour of Ζευς Λυκαῖος on Mount Lycaeus. The acc
Lyra a lyre, the chief stringed instrument used in Greek music. Two main varieties are known to