Greek and Roman Antiquities

• Tabella the voting tablet, by means of which votes were given at Rome both in the assemblies and i
• Tabellariae leges leges the laws by which the ballot was introduced in voting in the Comitia; tabellae being
• Tabellarius a letter-carrier. As the Romans had no public post, they were obliged to employ slaves, wh
• Tabellio a notary (Suidas, s. v.). Under the Empire the Tabelliones succeeded to the business of th
• Taberna 1. (σκηναί, γέῤῥα), a shop or booth. [DOMUS Vol. I. pp. 679, 680; AGORA Vol. I. pp. 46, 47
• Tabernaculum TENTORIUM (κλισίη, σκηνή), a tent. The former of these words was no doubt originally appli
• Tabula lusoria lusoria (πίναξ), a board for playing games, called also ALVEUS from having a raised rim. A
• Tabulae or PUGILLARES (πίνακες, δέλτοι, πυξίον, πινάκιον, γραμματεῖον), writing tablets. Although
• Tabularii were notaries or accountants, who are first mentioned under this name in the time of the E
• Tabularium the place, at Rome and elsewhere, where the tabulae publicae, or state archives, were kept
• Taeda a torch of fir-wood, called on this account pinea taeda (Catull. 61, 15; Ovid, Ov. Fast. 2
• Tagus a commander or ruler, was more particularly the name applied to the chief magistrate of Th
• Talaria coverings for the feet, either boots or sandals, with small wings attached. They are repre
• Talentum was the heaviest unit of weight in use among the Greeks; and as a talent of gold, silver,
• Talio from talis, signifies an equivalent, but it is used only in the sense of a punishment, or
• Talus the name of a bone in the hind leg of cloven-footed animals which articulates with the tib
• Tamias was a name given to any person who had the care, management, or dispensing of money, stock
• Tapete a piece of tapestry, a carpet. The use of tapestry was in very ancient times characteristi
• Tauria a name given to the festival of Poseidon at Ephesus, in which those ministering were calle
• Taurobolium This rite was introduced at Rome when the worship of Syrian and Persian deities was establ
• Taxiarchi were military officers at Athens, who were next in rank to the strategi [STRATEGUS]. They
• Tegula a tile, made of baked clay, yellow or red. Under the name of tegulae are included (1) wall
• Teichopoei . Among the various persons to whom was entrusted the management of public works at Athens
• Tela a loom. The elementary principle of weaving being merely the crossing of threads over and
• Telones . Most of the taxes and duties at Athens were farmed by private persons, who took on thems
• Telos a tax. In enumerating here the taxes of Athens (about which city we know most) we may take
• Templum It will be well to preface the important part of this article, which relates to temple bui
• Terebra any instrument for boring wood, stone, or metal. Pliny gives Daedalus as the traditional i
• Terminalia a festival in honour of the god Terminus, who presided over boundaries (Dionys. A. R. 2.74
• Terracottas Finding the term κεραμικὴ τέχνη too comprehensive, since it included the whole of the pott
• Tessera dim. TESSETULA and TESSELLA (κύβος), a square or cube; a die; a token. The use of small cu
• Tesseraconteres The invention of war-ships larger than the trireme, viz. quadrireme and quinquereme, belon
• Testamentum is defined by Ulpian as being mentis nostrae justa contestatio in id sollemniter facta ut
• Testudo a tortoise, was the name given to several other objects. 1. To the Lyra, because it was so
• Tetrarcha or TETRARCHES (τετράρχης). This word was originally used, according to its etymological me
• Tettaraconta HOI (οἱτετταράκοντα), the Forty (Isocr. Antid. § 237; Dem. c. Pantaen. p. 976 § 33), one o
• Thalysia a festival celebrated in honour of Dionysus and Demeter (Menand. Rhet. quoted by Meursius)
• Thargelia a festival celebrated at Athens on the 6th and 7th of Thargelion (= about May 24, 25) in h
• Theatrum As the Greek drama sprang from the choral dances round the altar of Dionysus, so the archi
• Thensae or TENSAE (for the orthography and etymology of the word are alike doubtful: thensae, C. I
• Theophania a festival celebrated at Delphi. A. Mommsen, with tolerable certainty, identifies the fest
• Theori . There can be little doubt that the origin of this word is not θεὸς and ὥρα, as most of t
• Theoricon . Under this name were comprised the funds expended by the Athenian state on festivals, sa
• Theoris a trireme kept for sacred embassies [see THEORI]. Of these ships it seems that there were
• Theoxenia were sacred feasts provided for gods or heroes, at which the deities were usually regarded
• Thesaurus a storehouse, treasury. The name is commonly used both in a correct and an incorrect signi
• Theseia . The festival in honour of Theseus dates from Cimon, who, in obedience to an oracle from
• Thesmophoria . The Eleusinia and the Thesmophoria were the two great festivals held in Attica in honour
• Thetes . In earlier times this name denoted any freemen who worked for hire (οἱ ἕνεκα τροφῆς. δου
• Tholus a round building, probably the most primitive form of hut, and so preserved traditionally
• Thronus The use of the throne as a symbol of kingly power or authority in general is so ancient, t
• Thyrsus a wand or sceptre carried by Dionysos (Bacchus) and by Satyrs, Maenads, and others engaged
• Tiara To the Greeks the τιάρα or τιάρας was known only as the head-dress of the Persians. Herodo
• Tibia The word αὐλός though it is commonly translated flute, denotes any kind of wind instrument
• Timema . The penalty imposed in a court of criminal justice at Athens, and also the damages award
• Tintinnabulum or AES (κώδων), a bell. Handbells were used among Greeks and Romans for signals of various
• Tiributujm as paid by Romans, took two forms. (1) A charge on special classes of the Roman people. [A
• Tithenidia a festival celebrated at Sparta by the nurses who had the care of the male children of the
• Titii sodales sodales a sodalitas or college of priests at Rome, who represented the second tribe of the
• Toga . The earliest costume of the Roman was a thick woollen cloak worn over a loin-cloth or ap
• Torcular or TORCULUM, a press for making wine or oil: in Greek, πιεστήρ, πιεστήριον, or, generally,
• Torcularium a shed or out-house where the presses for oil or wine were worked (Cat. 12;--Col. 12.52, §
• Tormentum torture. Greek In the articles APOTYMPANISMOS and CRUX it has been argued that the Greeks
• Tormentum was a general name for artillery among the ancients. I. DESCRIPTIVE. --The two main classe
• Torques or TORQUIS (στρεπτός), an ornament of gold, twisted spirally and bent into a circular form
• Tragoedia The purpose of this article is to sketch the progress of Greek Tragedy from its origin to
• Transenna lattice-work. The word is used (1) for a lattice-work across a window [DOMUS Vol. I. p. 68
• Trapetum a machine for performing the first process in oil-making, that of crushing the olives (θλᾶ
• Traumatos ek pronoias graphe ek pronoias graphe (τραύματος ἐκ προνοίας γραφή). Our principal information respecting thi
• Tresviri were either ordinary magistrates or officers, or else extraordinary commissioners, who wer
• Tribon The τρίβων was a variety of ἱμάτιον, belonging to the class of the χλαῖναι διπληγίδες [see
• Tribulum a corn-drag, consisting of a thick and ponderous wooden board, which was armed underneath
• Tribulus a caltrop, also called murex (V. Max. 3.7.2; Curt. 4.13.36). When a place was beset with t
• Tribunal a raised platform, or, to use the term adopted from the French, tribune, on which the SELL
• Tribunus This word seems originally to have indicated an officer connected with a tribe (tribus), o
• Tribus a political division of a people. Greek The word φυλὴ does not occur in Homer, and the pol
• Triclinium properly a set of three couches round a dining-table, but commonly used also for the dinin
• Trierarchia . One of the two extraordinary public services to which wealthy Athenian citizens were lia
• Trieropoei a board at Athens, reckoned among the directors of public works (ἐπιστάται τῶν δημοσίων ἔρ
• Triglyphus is the name given to one of the alternating members of the frieze of the Doric order, the
• Tripos a tripod, i. e. any utensil or article of furniture supported on three feet. More especial
• Triumphus is probably derived from the shout triumphe (connected with θρίαμβος) uttered by the soldi
• Trochus a hoop (Artemid. 1.55;-- Ov. Tr. 3.12, 19; Art. Am. 3.338, &c.). The Greek and Roman boys
• Trojae ludus ludus [more frequently known as Troja, in the phrase Trojam ludere; in Greek τὴν Τροίαν ἱπ
• Tropaeum a trophy, a sign and memorial of victory, which was erected on the field of battle where t
• Trulla 1. A ladle for stirring and skimming (= τορύνη), in which sense trua also is used. 2. Trul
• Tuba a bronze trumpet, distinguished from the cornu by being straight while the latter was curv
• Tugurium a peasant's hut or cottage (Varro, R. R. 3.1, 3; Cic. pro Sest. 43, 93). It is probable th
• Tunica The χιτὼν or tunica was a shirt: or shift, and served as the chief under-garment of the Gr
• Turbo anything that, turns round with a whirring noise: hence (1) a top (Cic. de Fato, 16, 42; V
• Turibulum a censer. The Greeks and Romans, when they sacrificed, commonly took a little frankincense
• Turris a tower. I. Stationary Towers. The origin of the tower in fortification was doubtless, as
• Tutor There were two forms of guardianship in Roman law, the tutela and the cura, which must be
• Tymboruchias graphe graphe (τυμβωρυχίας γραφή). Pollux mentions τυμβωρύχος in a long list of ὀνόματα ἐξ ἀδικημ
• Tympanum . 1. A small drum carried in the hand. Of these, some resembled in all respects a modern t
• Tyrannus . The word τύραννος has not yet been satisfactorily explained by a Greek etymology, and Bo