verbthird conjugation
vincō
vincō (present infinitive vincere, perfect active vīcī, supine victum)
Classical[ˈwɪŋ.koː]Ecclesiastical[ˈviŋ.ko]
№ 101 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- intransitiveto win
SĪMŌ: Quid “mī pater”? Quasi tū huius indigeās patris: / Domus, uxor, līberī, inventī invītō patre! / Adductī quī illam cīvem hinc dīcant, vīcerīs.
SIMO: What [do you mean], “my [dear] father”? As if you needed a father for this: A home, a wife, a child — [all] found against your father’s will! [And now,] if you bring here [those] who say she’s a citizen, you will have won. (A witness has arrived to confirm that the woman from Andros [the “uxor”-to-be] is in fact a citizen as required for legal marriage.)166 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Andria 890–892omnia haec confingam, quod erit mihi bonum atque commodum. quom tu horum nil refelles, vincam scilicet.
I will fabricate all of it, because it will be to my benefit and advantage. Since you won't deny any of this, I will win [the case], obviously161 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Phormio 130–133 - ambitransitiveto conquer, to defeat, to vanquish
vēnī vīdī vīcī (47 BCE, Julius Caesar)
I came, I saw, I conqueredquos nemo posse superari ratust, eos auspicio meo atque [in]ductu primo coetu vicimus
No one believed they could be overcome, and yet we conquered them in the first encounter under my auspices and leadershipc. 190 BCE – 185 BCE, Plautus, Amphitruo 657–658 - to overpower
vincor magnitudine et redigor ad silentium
I am overpowered by its grandeur and reduced to silencec. 310 CE – c. 394 CE, Ausonius, Thanksgiving for his Consulship, Addressed to the Emperor Gratian 20.1
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
superō; quī vincit, victor est.vincō -ere — in Mille Verba, Bellum et Arma
superōvincō -ere, victūrus — in IVLIANVS I: Gallia, ch. 13 and IVLIANVS I: Gallia, ch. 8
superō, victor sumvincō -ere — in Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 2, 3
to win
vincō -ere — in Viri Romae Facillimi, ch. 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, 16, 17, 20, 25
conquers
vincit — in Seneca, ch. XVII
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Vita · Salus · Victus
1. Vita (οἶτος) denotes the duration of life, in opp. to mors; whereas salus (from ὅλος?), the safety of life, in opp. to interitus, exitium. 2. Vita denotes the public; victus the private life of a man. Nep. Alc. 1. Splendidus non minus in vita quam in victu. (iv. 448.)
Vincere · Superare · Opprimere
1. Vincere (εἴκειν? or ἀγκὰς ἀναγκάζειν?) means, to drive an adversary from his place, like νικᾶν; superare to win a place from an adversary, like ὑπερβάλλεσθαι. The vincens has more to do with living objects, with enemies; the superans with inanimate objects, with difficulties. Tac. Ann. i. 25. Invictos et nullis casibus superabiles Romanos. 2. Evincere denotes especially the exertion and duration of the conflict; devincere, its consequence, and the completeness of the victory. 3. Vincere means to conquer by fighting; opprimere, without fighting, by merely appearing, in consequence of a surprisal, or of a decided superiority of forces. Cic. Mil. 11. Vi victa vis, vel potius oppressa virtute audacia est: and to the same purport, Muren. 15. Mithridatem L. Murena repressum magna ex parte, non oppressum reliquit. (iv. 278.)
Conjugation conjugation 3
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | vincō | vincēbam | vincam | vīcī | vīceram | vīcerō |
| 2nd sg. | vincis | vincēbās | vincēs | vīcistī | vīcerās | vīceris |
| 3rd sg. | vincit | vincēbat | vincet | vīcit | vīcerat | vīcerit |
| 1st pl. | vincimus | vincēbāmus | vincēmus | vīcimus | vīcerāmus | vīcerimus |
| 2nd pl. | vincitis | vincēbātis | vincētis | vīcistis | vīcerātis | vīceritis |
| 3rd pl. | vincunt | vincēbant | vincent | vīcērunt vīcēre | vīcerant | vīcerint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | vincam | vincerem | vīcerim | vīcissem |
| 2nd sg. | vincās | vincerēs | vīcerīs | vīcissēs |
| 3rd sg. | vincat | vinceret | vīcerit | vīcisset |
| 1st pl. | vincāmus | vincerēmus | vīcerīmus | vīcissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | vincātis | vincerētis | vīcerītis | vīcissētis |
| 3rd pl. | vincant | vincerent | vīcerint | vīcissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | vincor | vincēbar | vincar |
| 2nd sg. | vinceris vincere | vincēbāris vincēbāre | vincēris vincēre |
| 3rd sg. | vincitur | vincēbātur | vincētur |
| 1st pl. | vincimur | vincēbāmur | vincēmur |
| 2nd pl. | vinciminī | vincēbāminī | vincēminī |
| 3rd pl. | vincuntur | vincēbantur | vincentur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | vincar | vincerer |
| 2nd sg. | vincāris vincāre | vincerēris vincerēre |
| 3rd sg. | vincātur | vincerētur |
| 1st pl. | vincāmur | vincerēmur |
| 2nd pl. | vincāminī | vincerēminī |
| 3rd pl. | vincantur | vincerentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | vince | vincere |
| pres. 2nd pl. | vincite | vinciminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | vincitō | vincitor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | vincitō | vincitor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | vincitōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | vincuntō | vincuntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | vincere | vincī |
| perfect infinitive | vīcisse | victum esse |
| future infinitive | victūrum esse | victum īrī |
| present participle | vincēns vincente, vincentem, vincentēs, vincentī, vincentia, vincentibus, vincentis, vincentīs, vincentium | — |
| perfect participle | — | victus victa, victā, victae, victam, victārum, victās, victe, victī, victīs, victō, victōrum, victōs |
| future participle | victūrus victūra, victūrā, victūrae, victūram, victūrārum, victūrās, victūre, victūrī, victūrīs, victūrō, victūrōrum, victūrōs, victūrum | vincendus vincundus, vincunda, vincundā, vincundae, vincundam, vincundārum, vincundās, vincunde, vincundī, vincundīs, vincundō, vincundōrum, vincundōs, vincundum |
gerundvincendī, vincendō, vincendumsupinevictum, victū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- proelio vincere
- to gain a victory, win a battle.
- victus cotidianus
- daily bread.
- quae ad victum pertinent
- the necessaries of life.
- causā or iudicio vincere
- to win a case.
- victum aliqua re quaerere
- to earn a livelihood by something.
- victus tenuis (Fin. 2. 28. 90)
- meagre diet.
- animum vincere (Marcell. 3. 8)
- to have self-control; to restrain oneself, master one's inclinations.
- Olympia vincere (Ολύμπια νικαν)
- to win a prize at the Olympian games.
6 more phrases
- sententia vincit (Liv. 2. 4. 3)
- the majority were of the opinion...
- res ad victum cultumque necessariae
- things indispensable to a life of comfort.
- in omni re vincit imitationem veritas
- in everything nature defies imitation.
- quae suppeditant ad victum (Off. 1. 4. 12)
- a livelihood.
- proelio vinci, superari, inferiorem, victum discedere
- to be defeated in fight, lose the battle.
- omni vita atque victu excultum atque expolitum esse (Brut. 25. 95)
- to have attained to a high degree of culture.
vinco, vīci, victum, 3, v. a. and n. perh. causat. of root ικ-; Gr. εἴκω, to yield; but cf. per-vicax; v. Georg Curtius Gr. Etym. p. 106,
I. to conquer, overcome, get the better of, defeat, subdue, vanquish, be victorious, etc. (syn.: supero, debello).
I. Lit.
A. In war or battle:
jus esse belli, ut qui vicissent, iis, quos vicissent, quemadmodum vellent, imperarent, etc., Caes. B. G. 1, 36: Carthaginienses navalibus pugnis, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 18, 55: Galliam bello, Caes. B. G. 1, 34 fin.: non virtute neque in acie vicisse Romanos, id. ib. 7, 29: id vi et virtute militum victum atque expugnatum oppidum est, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 36: vicimus vi feroces, id. ib. 1, 1, 82: aio te, Aeacida, Romanos vincere posse, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 56, 116 (Ann. v. 186 Vahl.): sicut fortis equus, spatio qui saepe supremo Vicit Olympia, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 5, 14 (Ann. v. 442 ib.): aliquando ut vincat, ludit assidue aleam, Poët. ap. Suet. Aug. 70 fin.: L. milia, to win at play, August. ib. 71.—B. In a lawsuit, etc., to be successful, to gain:
vincere judicio, Cic. Rosc. Com. 18, 53: quem tu horum nil refelles, vincam scilicet, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 82; Hor. S. 1, 2, 134: causam suam, to win, Ov. H. 16, 76.—Pass.: factum est: ventum est: vincimur, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 85.—C. In other relations, to win, prevail, be successful, gain, overcome:
sponsione, Cic. Quint. 27, 84: sponsionem, id. Caecin. 31, 91: vicit iter durum pietas, controlled, made easy, Verg. A. 6, 688; cf. Mart. 5, 23, 5; Claud. Cons. Hon. 46: labor omnia vicit, Verg. G. 1, 145; cf. difficultates, Auct. B. G. 8, 21: virgam, to win, Verg. A. 6, 148: vicit tamen in Senatu pars illa, quae, etc., Sall. J. 16, 1: factione respectuque rerum privatarum ... Appius vicit, Liv. 2, 30, 2: cum in senatu vicisset sententia, quae, etc., id. 2, 4: Othonem vincas volo, to outbid (in an auction), Cic. Att. 13, 29, 2; 13, 33, 2.—To defeat as a candidate for office: competitorem in suffragiis, Quint. 7, 1, 29.—D. Transf., of inanimate subjects.
1. To overcome, overwhelm, prevail over, etc.:
(naves) neu turbine venti Vincantur, Verg. A. 9, 92: victa ratis, Ov. Tr. 1, 4, 12: flammam gurgitibus, id. Am. 3, 6, 42: noctem flammis, Verg. A. 1, 727: vincunt aequora navitae, prevail against, get the better of, Hor. C. 3, 24, 41: victaque concessit prisca moneta novae, Ov. F. 1, 222: quernaque glans victa est utiliore cibo, id. ib. 1, 676: corpora victa sopore, id. ib. 1, 422; cf.: blanda quies furtim victis obrepsit ocellis, id. ib. 3, 19: hi casses (linei) vel ferri aciem vincunt, Plin. 19, 1, 2, § 11: campum turbā vincente, overflowing, Sil. 6, 390.—2. To outlast, survive:
(aesculus) Multa virum volvens durando saecula vincit, Verg. G. 2, 295: vivendo mea fata, id. A. 11, 160.—3. To surmount, scale:
aëra (sagittae), Verg. G. 2, 123; cf.: montes ascensu, Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 46.—4. To reduce, change, etc.;
of cooking: nec viscera quisquam ... potest vincere flammā, Verg. G. 3, 560: cochleas undis calefactas et prope victas, Ser. Samm. Med. 319.—Of smelting ores: metallorum primitiae nullis fornacibus victae, Tac. H. 4, 53.—Of melting snow: nive, quae zephyro victa tepente fluit, Ov. F. 2, 220.— Of digestion: pervigilio quidem praecipue vincuntur cibi, Plin. 11, 53, 118, § 283.—II. Trop.
A. In gen., to prevail, be superior; to convince, refute, constrain, overcome, etc.:
argumentis vincit, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 267: naturam studio, Caes. B. G. 6, 43: vincit ipsa rerum publicarum natura saepe rationem, Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 57; cf. id. ib. 3, 8, 13: si subitam et fortuitam orationem commentatio et cogitatio facile vincit; hanc ipsam profecto assidua ac diligens scriptura superabit, id. de Or. 1, 33, 150: sapientis animus vincetur et expugnabitur? id. Par. 4, 1, 27: animum, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 29: non est consentaneum, qui invictum se a labore praestiterit, vinci a voluptate, Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68: labascit, victu'st, uno verbo, quam cito! Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 98: eludet, ubi te victum senserit, id. ib. 1, 1, 10: illius stultitiā victa ex urbe tu migres? id. Hec. 4, 2, 13: adulescentulus saepe eadem audiendo victus est, id. Heaut. 1, 1, 62: peccavi, fateor, vincor, id. ib. 4, 1, 31: victus patris precibus lacrimisque, Liv. 23, 8, 4: divūm pater victus tuis vocibus, Hor. C. 4, 6, 21: est qui vinci possit, id. S. 1, 9, 55: pietas Victa furore, id. C. 3, 27, 36: victus amore pudor, Ov. Am. 3, 10, 29: filia victa in lacrimas, Tac. A. 1, 57: victus animi respexit, Verg. G. 4, 491: triumphantes de lege victā et abrogatā, Liv. 34, 3, 9.— With ut: ergo negatum, vincor, ut credam miser, am constrained, compelled, Hor. Epod. 17, 27.—B. In partic.
1. To overmatch in some quality, to surpass, exceed, excel, = superare:
stellarum globi terrae magnitudinem facile vincebant, Cic. Rep. 6, 16, 16: opinionem vicit omnium, quae, etc., id. Ac. 2, 1, 1: exspectationem omnium, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 5, § 11: eam (noctem) edepol etiam multo haec (nox) vicit longitudine, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 125: morum immanitate vastissimas vincit beluas, Cic. Rep. 2, 26, 48: quamlibet mulierculam Vincere mollitiā, Hor. Epod. 11, 24: odio qui posset vincere Regem, id. S. 1, 7, 6: scribere, quod Cassi opuscula vincat, id. Ep. 1, 4, 3; cf.: qualia (praecepta) vincunt Pythagoran, id. S. 2, 4, 2.—Poet. with inf.: vir nulli victus vel ponere castra vel junxisse ratem, etc., excelled by none in pitching a camp, etc., Sil. 5, 552; 6, 141.—2. To prove triumphantly, show or demonstrate conclusively.
(a). With obj.-clause:
quid nunc? vincon' argumentis te non esse Sosiam? Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 277: profecto ita esse, et praedico, vero vincam, id. Most. 1, 2, 12: vince deinde, bonum virum fuisse Oppianicum, Cic. Clu. 44, 124: dicendo vincere non postulo, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 4: vincet enim stultos ratio insanire nepotes, Hor. S. 2, 3, 225.—(b). With ut:
nec vincet ratio hoc, tantundem ut peccet idemque Qui, etc., Hor. S. 1, 3, 115.—3. With respect to something disputed, to prevail, gain one's point, carry the day. So only in the expressions,
a. Vicimus:
cui si esse in urbe tuto licebit, vicimus, Cic. Att. 14, 20, 3: rumpantur iniqui. Vicimus: assiduas non tulit illa preces, Prop. 1, 8, 28: vicimus exclamat; mecum mea vota feruntur, Ov. M. 6, 513: vicimus et meus est, id. ib. 4, 356.—b. Vincite, viceris, vincerent, have it your own way, just as you like, carry your point, an expression of reluctant assent:
vincite, si ita vultis, Caes. B. G. 5, 30; Ov. M. 8, 509: vincerent ac sibi haberent, dummodo scirent, Suet. Caes. 1 fin.: viceris, Ter. And. 5, 3, 21.—4. To treat worthily, set forth with dignity (poet.):
nec sum animi dubius, verbis ea vincere magnum Quam sit, Verg. G. 3, 289; cf.: vincere verbis, Lucr. 5, 733.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
vincō vīcī, vīctus, ere
1 VIC-.—In war, to conquer, overcome, get the better of, defeat, subdue, vanquish, be victorious: ut qui vicissent, iis quos vicissent imperarent, Cs.: navalibus pugnis Carthaginiensīs.—To prevail, succeed, overcome, win: iudicio: Fabio vel indice vincam, H.: factum est; vincimur, T.: Vicit iter durum pietas, made easy, V.: virgam, to win, V.: vicit tamen in Senatu pars illa, quae, etc., S.: cum in senatu vicisset sententia, quae, etc., L.: Othonem vincas volo, to outbid. —To overcome, overwhelm, prevail over: (naves) neu turbine venti Vincantur, V.: flammam gurgitibus, extinguish, O.: Vincunt aequora navitae, master, H.: Victaque concessit prisca moneta novae, O.: Blanda quies furtim victis obrepsit ocellis, O.: ubi aëra vincere summum Arboris . . . potuere sagittae, i. e. surmount, V.: viscera flammā, i. e. to cook, V.—To outlast, survive: (Aesculus) Multa virum volvens durando saecula vincit, V.: vivendo vici mea fata, V.—Fig., to prevail, be superior, convince, refute, constrain, overcome: naturam studio, Cs.: vincit ipsa rerum p. natura saepe rationem: vinci a voluptate: peccavi, fateor, vincor, T.: victus patris precibus lacrimisque, L.: est qui vinci possit, H.: Victus amore pudor, O.: victus animi respe<*>t, V.: Ergo negatum vincor ut credam, am constrained, H.: verbis ea vincere, i. e. to express worthily, V.—To overmatch, surpass, exceed, excel: terrae magnitudinem: morum inmanitate beluas: mulierculam mollitiā, H.: Scribere, quod Cassi opuscula vincat, H.—To prove triumphantly, show conclusively, demonstrate: si doceo non ab Habito, vinco ab Oppianico, prove (the fact): vici unam rem . . . vici alteram, I have established one point: vince deinde, bonum virum fuisse Oppianicum: Vincet enim stultos ratio insanire nepotes, H.: Nec vincet ratio hoc, tantumdem ut peccet idemque Qui, etc., H.—To prevail, gain the point, carry the day: cui si esse in urbe tuto licebit, vicimus: Vicimus et meus est, O.: vincite, si ita voltis, have your way, Cs.: viceris, enjoy your victory, T.
Origins
Inherited from Proto-Italic *winkō, from Proto-Indo-European *winékti ~ *winkénti, nasal infix from *weyk- (“to overcome”), whence also Gothic 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌽 (weihan, “to fight”) and Old Church Slavonic вѣкъ (věkŭ, “age, long period of time”).
Descendants
- Catalanvèncer
- Frenchvaincrefrom Old French veintre
- Englishvanquishfrom Old French veintre
- Italianvincere
- Occitanvéncer
- Occitanvencir
- Portuguesevencer
- Romanianvince
- Romanianînvingefrom Romanian vince
- Romanianînvingerefrom Romanian vince