verbthird conjugation
caedō
caedō (present infinitive caedere, perfect active cecīdī, supine caesum)
Classical[ˈkae̯.doː]Ecclesiastical[ˈt͡ʃɛː.do]
№ 612 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- to cut, hew, fell
Caesar silvas caedere instituit
Caesar began to cut down the woodsc. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de bello Gallico 3.29 - to strike, beat
- to kill, to murder
tris Eryci uitulos et Tempestatibus agnam / caedere deinde iubet soluique ex ordine funem.
29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 5.772 - to defeat decisively (defeat with heavy losses to the enemy side)
C. Sulpicio cui Sicilia euenerat duae legiones quas P. Cornelius habuisset decretae et supplementum de exercitu Cn. Fului, qui priore anno in Apulia foede caesus fugatusque erat.
To Gaius Sulpicius to whom Sicily was allotted two legions which Publius Cornelius had held were decided upon and reinforcements from Gnaius Fulvius’ army, which in the previous year had been shamefully defeated decisively and put to flight in Apulia27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita 26.1
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
ferrō percutiō et occīdō; arborēs quoque caeduntur.caedō -ere — in Mille Verba, Bellum et Arma
ferrō secō, dēiciōcaedō -ere — in Metamorphoses I, ch. 16
cut down, kill
caedō -ere, cecīdī, caesus — in De Bello Gallico II and De Bello Gallico III
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Verberare · Icere · Ferire · Cædere · Pulsare · Mulcare · Pavire · Cudere
1. Verberare, ferire, and icere, mean, in a general sense, to strike, whether by throwing, hitting, or pushing; but the verberans makes his blow rebound; the iciens and feriens penetrate and wound, or break to pieces; the iciens (resembling in form jaciens) chiefly by throwing, for instance, fulmine ictus; the feriens, by pushing, for instance, murum ariete; whereas cædere, pulsare, and mulcare, denote especially striking, generally with a weapon; cædere, with a weapon that cuts and wounds, a hatchet, sword, whip, rod, strap; pulsare and mulcare, with a hard weapon, stick or fist. Pulsare has any object whatever, man, a door, the ground; mulcare, like to cudgel, only an object that can feel pain, especially man. 2. Verberare, in a narrower sense, denotes a quiet chastisement by the blows of a stick, which is generally appointed, as a formal punishment, by the competent authorities; whereas pulsare and mulcare, a misusage by blows or thrusts, which is administered as mere vengeance by unauthorized persons; pulsare (from pellere) as a slighter misusage with hand or stick, which principally hurts the honor and dignity of the person misused; mulcare (μαλάξαι, malaxare), a rougher misusage, with fists or clubs, which aims principally at physical pain, like a sound drubbing. 3. Pavire (παίειν) means to beat, in order to make a soft mass solid; cudere, in order to widen or extend a solid mass. Fulgere, battuere, and cajare are antiquated or vulgar expressions for beating. (v. 67.)
Conjugation conjugation 3
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | caedō | caedēbam | caedam | cecīdī | cecīderam | cecīderō |
| 2nd sg. | caedis | caedēbās | caedēs | cecīdistī | cecīderās | cecīderis |
| 3rd sg. | caedit | caedēbat | caedet | cecīdit | cecīderat | cecīderit |
| 1st pl. | caedimus | caedēbāmus | caedēmus | cecīdimus | cecīderāmus | cecīderimus |
| 2nd pl. | caeditis | caedēbātis | caedētis | cecīdistis | cecīderātis | cecīderitis |
| 3rd pl. | caedunt | caedēbant | caedent | cecīdērunt cecīdēre | cecīderant | cecīderint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | caedam | caederem | cecīderim | cecīdissem |
| 2nd sg. | caedās | caederēs | cecīderīs | cecīdissēs |
| 3rd sg. | caedat | caederet | cecīderit | cecīdisset |
| 1st pl. | caedāmus | caederēmus | cecīderīmus | cecīdissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | caedātis | caederētis | cecīderītis | cecīdissētis |
| 3rd pl. | caedant | caederent | cecīderint | cecīdissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | caedor | caedēbar | caedar |
| 2nd sg. | caederis caedere | caedēbāris caedēbāre | caedēris caedēre |
| 3rd sg. | caeditur | caedēbātur | caedētur |
| 1st pl. | caedimur | caedēbāmur | caedēmur |
| 2nd pl. | caediminī | caedēbāminī | caedēminī |
| 3rd pl. | caeduntur | caedēbantur | caedentur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | caedar | caederer |
| 2nd sg. | caedāris caedāre | caederēris caederēre |
| 3rd sg. | caedātur | caederētur |
| 1st pl. | caedāmur | caederēmur |
| 2nd pl. | caedāminī | caederēminī |
| 3rd pl. | caedantur | caederentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | caede | caedere |
| pres. 2nd pl. | caedite | caediminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | caeditō | caeditor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | caeditō | caeditor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | caeditōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | caeduntō | caeduntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | caedere | caedī |
| perfect infinitive | cecīdisse | caesum esse |
| future infinitive | caesūrum esse | caesum īrī |
| present participle | caedēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | caesus caesa, caesā, caesae, caesam, caesārum, caesās, caese, caesī, caesīs, caesō, caesōrum, caesōs |
| future participle | caesūrus caesūra, caesūrā, caesūrae, caesūram, caesūrārum, caesūrās, caesūre, caesūrī, caesūrīs, caesūrō, caesūrōrum, caesūrōs, caesūrum | caedendus caedundus, caedunda, caedundā, caedundae, caedundam, caedundārum, caedundās, caedunde, caedundī, caedundīs, caedundō, caedundōrum, caedundōs, caedundum |
gerundcaedendī, caedendō, caedendumsupinecaesum, caesū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- virgis caedere
- to beat with rods.
- arbores caedere
- to fell trees.
- caedere et fundere hostem
- to utterly rout the enemy.
- hostes ad internecionem caedere, delere (Liv. 9. 26)
- to absolutely annihilate the enemy.
- victimas (oxen), hostias (smaller animals, especially sheep) immolare, securi ferire, caedere, mactare
- to slaughter victims.
caedo, cĕcīdi (in MSS. freq. caecīdi, v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 460), caesum, 3, v. a. root cīd- for scid-; cf. scindo; Gr. σχίζω.
I. Lit.
A. In gen.
1. To cut, hew, lop, cut down, fell, cut off, cut to pieces: caesa abiegna trabes, Enn. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 30, 75 (Trag. v. 281 Vahl.):
frondem querneam caedito, Cato, R. R. 5, 8: arbores, Cic. Div. 2, 14, 33; Ov. M. 9, 230: robur, Cic. Div. 2, 41, 86; Ov. M. 8, 769: lignum, Plaut. Merc. 2, 3. 63: silvam, Varr ap. Non. p. 272, 5; Lucr. 5, 1265; Caes. B. G. 3, 29; Ov. M. 8, 329; Suet. Aug. 94 fin.; Pall. Mai, 4, 1: nemus, Ov. M. 2, 418; cf. id. ib. 1, 94; 9, 230; 9, 374; 14, 535: harundinem, Dig. 7, 1, 59, § 2: arboris auctum, Lucr. 6, 167: comam vitis, Tib. 1, 7, 34: faenum, Col. 2, 18, 1: murus latius quam caederetur ruebat, Liv. 21, 11, 9: caesis montis fodisse medullis, Cat. 68, 111; so, caedi montis in marmora, Plin. 12, prooem. § 2: lapis caedendus, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 56, § 147: silicem, id. Div. 2, 41, 85: marmor, Dig. 24, 3, 7, § 13: toga rotunda et apte caesa, cut out, Quint. 11, 3, 139: caedunt securibus umida vina, with axes they cut out the wine (formerly liquid, now frozen), Verg. G. 3, 364: volutas, to carve or hollow out volutes, Vitr. 3, 3: tineae omnia caedunt, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 272, 14.—b. Prov.:
ut vineta egomet caedam mea, i. e. carry my own hide to market, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 220 (proverbium in eos dicitur, qui sibi volentes nocent, Schol. Crucq.; cf. Tib. 1, 2, 98; Verg. A. 5, 672).— c. Ruta caesa; v ruo, P. a.—
2. In gen., to strike upon something, to knock at, to beat, strike, cudgel, etc.:
ut lapidem ferro quom caedimus evolat ignis, strike upon with iron, Lucr. 6, 314: caedere januam saxis, Cic. Verr 2, 1, 27, § 69: silicem rostro, Liv. 41, 13, 1: vasa dolabris, Curt. 5, 6, 5: femur, pectus, frontem, Quint. 2, 12, 10; cf. id. 11, 3, 123 al.: verberibus, Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 45; so Ter. And. 1, 2, 28: pugnis, Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 43: aliquem ex occulto, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 17: at validis socios caedebant dentibus apri, they fell with their strong tusks upon their own party, Lucr. 5, 1325; cf. Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 71: virgis ad necem caedi, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 28, § 69; Hor. S. 1, 2, 42: populum saxis, id. ib. 2, 3, 128: ferulā aliquem, id. ib. 1, 3, 120: flagris, Quint. 6, 3, 25: aliquem loris, Cic. Phil. 8, 8, 24; Suet. Ner. 26; 49; id. Dom. 8: caeduntur (agrestes) inter potentium inimicitias, Sall. H. Fragm. 3, 61, 27 Dietsch: nudatos virgis, Liv. 2, 5, 8: hastilibus caedentes terga trepidantium, id. 35, 5, 10: servum sub furcā caesum medio egerat circo, i.e. ita ut simul caederet, id. 2, 36, 1.—b. Prov.:
stimulos pugnis caedere, to kick against the pricks, to aggravate a danger by foolish resistance, Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 55.— c. Trop.:
in judicio testibus caeditur, is pressed, hard pushed, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 3, 3.— B. Pregn.
1. (Cf. cado, I. B. 2.) To strike mortally, to kill, murder:
ille dies, quo Ti. Gracchus est caesus, Cic. Mil. 5, 14: P. Africanus de Tiberio Graccho responderat jure caesum videri, id. de Or. 2, 25, 106; id. Off. 2, 12, 43: caeso Argo, Ov. M. 2, 533; 5, 148; 12, 113; 12, 590; 12, 603; Suet. Caes. 76 al. —Poet., transf. to the blood shed in slaying: caeso sparsuros sanguine flammam, Verg. A. 11, 82.—Esp. freq., b. In milit. lang., to slay a single enemy; or, when a hostile army as a whole is spoken of, to conquer with great slaughter, to cut to pieces, vanquish, destroy (cf. Oud., Wolf, and Baumg.Crus. upon Suet. Vesp. 4):
exercitus caesus fususque, Cic. Phil. 14, 1, 1: Romani insecuti (hostem), caedentes spoliantesque caesos, castra regia diripiunt, Liv. 32, 12, 10; 2, 47, 9: infra arcem caesi captique multi mortales, id. 4, 61, 6; 22, 7, 2 and 9; Quint. 12, 10, 24; Suet. Aug. 21; 23; id. Vesp. 4: Indos, Curt. 9, 5, 19: passim obvios, id. 5, 6, 6: praesidium, id. 4, 5, 17: propugnatores reipublicae, Quint. 12, 10, 24: caesus (hostis) per calles saltusque vagando circumagatur, Liv. 44, 36, 10 Kreyss.: consulem exercitumque caesum, id. 22, 56, 2: legio-nes nostras cecidere, id. 7, 30, 14; so Nep. Dat. 6, 4; Tac. Agr. 18; Suet. Claud. 1.— And poet., the leader is put for the army: Pyrrhum et ingentem cecidit Antiochum Hannibalemque dirum, Hor. C. 3, 6, 36.—In poet. hypallage: caesi corporum acervi (for caesorum), Cat. 64, 359.—c. To slaughter animals, esp. for offerings, to kill, slay, sacrifice:
caedit greges armentorum, Cic. Phil. 3, 12, 31: boves, Ov. M. 15, 141: deorum mentes caesis hostiis placare, Cic. Clu. 68, 194: caesis victimis, id. Att. 1, 13, 1; Liv. 8, 6, 11; 10, 7, 10; 45, 7, 1; Tac. A. 2, 75; Suet. Caes. 81; id. Calig. 14; id. Ner. 25; id. Oth. 8; id. Galb. 18; id. Claud. 25; Just. 11, 5, 6 al.; Verg. A. 5, 96; Hor. Epod. 2, 59; Ov.M.13, 637; Juv. 6, 48; 6, 447; 8, 156; 12, 3 al.: inter caesa et porrecta; v. porricio.—d. Hence, since security for a person was anciently given by the deposit of sheep belonging to him, which were slaughtered in case of forfeiture, leg. t. t.: pignus caedere (or concidere), to declare the for feiture of a security, to confiscate a pledge: non tibi illa sunt caedenda, si L. Crassum vis coërcere, Crass. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 1, 4.—
2. In mal. part. ( = concido; cf.:
jam hoc, caede, concide: nonne vobis verba depromere videtur ad omne genus nequitiae accommodata? Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 66, § 155); Cat. 56, 7; Auct. Priap. 25, 10; Tert. Pall. 4.—II. Trop.: caedere sermones, a Grecism, acc. to Prisc. 18, p. 1118 P., = κόπτειν τὰ ῥήματα, to chop words, chat, talk, converse, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 1; cf. Non. p. 272, 13, and Prisc. p. 1188 P.:
oratio caesa, i. e. asyndeton, Auct. Her. 4, 19, 26; Aquil. Rom. §§ 18 and 19; Mart. Cap. 5; § 528.—Hence, caesum, i, n.; subst. in gram. synon. with comma, a stop, pause, comma, Mart. Cap. 5, § 527; Aquil. Rom. § 19; Fortun. Art. Rhet. 3, 10.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
caedō cecīdī, caesus, ere
2 SAC-, SEC-, to cut, hew, cut down, fell, cut off, cut to pieces: arbores: robur, O.: silvas, Cs.: murus latius quam caederetur ruebat, L.: lapis caedendus: securibus vina (frozen), V.: comam (vitis), Tb.: caesis montis fodisse medullis, Ct. — Prov.: ut vineta egomet caedam mea, i. e. attack my own interests, H. — To strike upon, knock at, beat, strike, cudgel: ianuam saxis: verberibus te, T.: virgis ad necem caedi: flagellis Ad mortem caesus, H.: nudatos virgis, L.: servum sub furcā, L.: caesae pectora palmis, i. e. beating, O.: in iudicio testibus caeditur, i. e. is pressed.—Of men, to strike mortally, kill, murder: illi dies, quo Ti. Gracchus est caesus: caeso Argo, O.—Poet., of blood: caeso sparsuros sanguine flammam, shed, V. — Of battle, to slay, slaughter, cut to pieces, vanquish, destroy: exercitus caesus fususque: infra arcem caesi captique multi, L.: passim obvii caedebantur, Cu.: ingentem cecidit Antiochum, H.: placare ventos virgine caesā, V.—Of animals, to slaughter (esp. for sacrifice): greges armentorum: boves, O.: deorum mentis caesis hostiis placare: victimas, L.: binas bidentis, V.: Tempestatibus agnam, V. — Fig.: pignus caedere (in law), to declare the forfeiture of a security, confiscate a pledge: non tibi illa sunt caedenda: dum sermones caedimus, chop words, chat, T.: Caedimur, cudgel one another (with compliments), H.
Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*kh₂eyd-
- Proto-Indo-European*kh₂éydeti
- Proto-Italic*kaidō
- Latincaedō
From Proto-Italic *kaidō, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂id-, *kh₂eyd- (“to cut, hew”). Cognates include Old High German heia (“wooden hammer”), Old Armenian խայթ (xaytʻ, “sting”) and Sanskrit खिदति (khídati, “to tear, press”) (root खिद् (khid)).