verbthird conjugation, no passive, no supine stem
perdō
perdō (present infinitive perdere, perfect active perdidī)
Classical[ˈpɛr.doː]Ecclesiastical[ˈpɛr.do]
№ 488 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- Classicalpost Classicalto destroy, ruin, wreck
Dī tē perduint!
May the gods damn you!PAMPHILUS: Chārīne, et mē et tē, imprūdēns — nisi quid Dī respiciunt — perdidī!
PAMPHILUS: Charinus, me and you both, unintentionally — unless the gods care about what [has happened] — I’ve ruined [us]! (In the comic context, Pamphilus is being hesitant to admit any responsibility to his friend Charinus.)166 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Andria 642 - Classicalpost Classicalto waste, squander
Suetonius writing of Titus Atque etiam recordatus quondam super cenam, quod nihil cuiquam toto die praestitisset, memorabilem illam meritoque laudatam vocem edidit: "Amici, diem perdidi". One evening at dinner, realizing that he had done nobody any favour throughout the entire day, he spoke these memorable words: "Friends, I have wasted a day".
verba miser frūstrā nōn prōficientia perdō.
Wretched [as I am], vainly I waste words, making no progress.8 CE – 12 CE, Ovidius, Tristia 1.2.13 - Classicalpost Classicalto have no more, to be deprived of
- Classicalpost Classicaltransitiveto lose, cease to have
Plane confiteor fieri nihil posse dementius quam scientem in eum locum venire, ubi libertatem sis perditurus
I can plainy admit there to be nothing more demented than to knowingly go into a place where you are likely to lose your liberty54 BCE, Cicero, Pro Rabirio Postumo 9.24 - Classicalintransitivepost Classicalto lose, be defeated
Sic, ne perdiderit, non cessat perdere lusor
1929 translation by J. H. Mozley thus, lest he shall have lost, the gambler ceases not to lose2 CE, Ovidius, Ars Amatoria 1.451
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
āmittō; etiam: dēleō, malē cōnsūmō.perdō -ere perdidī — in Mille Verba, Fūnus et Memoria
quī periitperditus -a -um — in IVLIANVS I: Gallia, ch. 1
āmissus, quī errāvitperditus -a -um — in Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 8
āmittō, dēstruōperdō -ere — in Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 3
dēleō, ad mortem dōperdō -ere — in Evangelium secundum Marcum, ch. 2, 5, 13, 18
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Amittere · Perdere · Jactura
1. Amittere means to lose something, so that it ceases to be in our possession, like ἀποβαλεῖν, opp. to retinere, Cic. Rep. v. i. Sext. 47. Suet. Tib. 15. Ter. Phorm. iii. 2, 22; perdere means, to lose something, so that it is destroyed, and rendered useless, like διολέσαι, opp. to servare. Plaut. Rud. iv. 4, 120. Ter. Ad. ii. 2, 32. Sen. Contr. iii. 21.—Tac. Ann. ii. 25. Perdita classe, amissis armis. 2. Amissio is an involuntary, jactura, a voluntary, loss, which a person undergoes, a sacrifice that is made to avoid a greater loss, as in the case of the master of a ship, who throws the freight overboard, to save his ship and his life. Plin. Ep. i. 12. Jacturam gravissimam feci, si jactura dicenda est tanti viri amissio. (iii. 289.)
Perdere · Pessundare · Pervertere · Evertere
Perdere and pessundare denote complete destruction; perdere, by breaking to pieces, or by any other mode of destroying; pessundare (πεζὸν θεῖναι) by sinking, or any other mode of getting rid of; whereas evertere, pervertere, and subvertere merely denote throwing down; evertere, by digging up and tearing up what is fastened in the ground, in opp. to fundare, Plin. Pan. 34. Cic. Acad. iv. 10. Fin. ii. 25. Verr. iii. 18. Pis. 35; pervertere, by pushing down what stands fast; subvertere, by secretly digging under, and withdrawing the basis. Cic. Pis. 24. Provincia tibi ista manupretium fuerit non eversæ per te sed perditæ civitatis. Ad. Att. v. 16.
Conjugation conjugation 3
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | perdō | perdēbam | perdam | perdidī | perdideram | perdiderō |
| 2nd sg. | perdis | perdēbās | perdēs | perdidistī | perdiderās | perdideris |
| 3rd sg. | perdit | perdēbat | perdet | perdidit | perdiderat | perdiderit |
| 1st pl. | perdimus | perdēbāmus | perdēmus | perdidimus | perdiderāmus | perdiderimus |
| 2nd pl. | perditis | perdēbātis | perdētis | perdidistis | perdiderātis | perdideritis |
| 3rd pl. | perdunt | perdēbant | perdent | perdidērunt perdidēre | perdiderant | perdiderint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | perdam perduim | perderem | perdiderim | perdidissem |
| 2nd sg. | perdās perduīs | perderēs | perdiderīs | perdidissēs |
| 3rd sg. | perdat perduit | perderet | perdiderit | perdidisset |
| 1st pl. | perdāmus perduimus | perderēmus | perdiderīmus | perdidissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | perdātis perduistis | perderētis | perdiderītis | perdidissētis |
| 3rd pl. | perdant perduint | perderent | perdiderint | perdidissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | perdor | perdēbar | perdar |
| 2nd sg. | perderis perdere | perdēbāris perdēbāre | perdēris perdēre |
| 3rd sg. | perditur | perdēbātur | perdētur |
| 1st pl. | perdimur | perdēbāmur | perdēmur |
| 2nd pl. | perdiminī | perdēbāminī | perdēminī |
| 3rd pl. | perduntur | perdēbantur | perdentur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | perdar | perderer |
| 2nd sg. | perdāris perdāre | perderēris perderēre |
| 3rd sg. | perdātur | perderētur |
| 1st pl. | perdāmur | perderēmur |
| 2nd pl. | perdāminī | perderēminī |
| 3rd pl. | perdantur | perderentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | perde | perdere |
| pres. 2nd pl. | perdite | perdiminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | perditō | perditor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | perditō | perditor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | perditōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | perduntō | perduntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | perdere | perdī |
| perfect infinitive | perdidisse | perditum esse |
| future infinitive | perditūrum esse | perditum īrī |
| present participle | perdēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | perditus perdita, perditā, perditae, perditam, perditārum, perditās, perditī, perditōrum, perditōs |
| future participle | perditūrus perditūra, perditūrā, perditūrae, perditūram, perditūrārum, perditūrās, perditūre, perditūrī, perditūrīs, perditūrō, perditūrōrum, perditūrōs, perditūrum | perdendus perdundus |
gerundperdendī, perdendō, perdendumsupineperditum, perditū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- spem perdere
- to lose hope.
- homo perditus
- a depraved, abandoned character.
- liber perditus
- a lost book of which fragments (relliquiae, not fragmenta) remain.
- mores corrupti or perditi
- moral corruption (not corruptela morum).
- tempus non amittere, perdere
- to lose no time.
- res dubiae, perditae, afflictae
- a critical position; a hopeless state of affairs.
- res adversae, afflictae, perditae
- misfortune, adversity.
- causam or litem amittere, perdere
- to lose one's case.
3 more phrases
- tam perditis or corruptis moribus
- amongst such moral depravity.
- operam (et oleum) perdere or frustra consumere
- to lose one's labour.
- aliquem affligere, perdere, pessumdare, in praeceps dare
- to bring a man to ruin; to destroy.
per-do, dĭdi, ditum, 3 (old form of the
I. pres. subj. perduim, Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 6:
perduis, id. Am. 2, 2, 215; id. Capt. 3, 5, 70: perduit, id. Ep. 1, 1, 64; id. Poen. 3, 4, 29; but esp. freq., perduint, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 61; id. Aul. 4, 10, 55; id. Curc. 5, 3, 41; id. Cas. 3, 5, 17; id. Most. 3, 1, 138; id. Men. 2, 2, 34; 3, 1, 6; 5, 5, 31; id. Merc. 4, 3, 11; 4, 4, 53; id. Poen. 3, 2, 33; 4, 2, 41; id. Stich. 4, 2, 15; id. Truc. 2, 3, 10; Ter. Heaut. 4, 6, 7; id. Hec. 3, 4, 27; id. Phorm. 1, 2, 73; Cic. Deiot. 7, 21; id. Att. 15, 4, 3.—As the pass. of perdo, only pereo, perditus, perire appear to be in good use.—The only classical example of a pass. form in the pres. is: perditur haec inter misero lux non sine votis, Hor. S. 2, 6, 59 (K. and H. ad loc.), where Lachm., perh. needlessly, reads lux porgitur, the day seems too long for me.—In the pass. perdi, in late Lat.; v. infra), v. a., to make away with; to destroy, ruin; to squander, dissipate, throw away, waste, lose, etc. (class.; syn.: dissipo, perimo, deleo). I. Lit.:
aliquem perditum ire, Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 5: Juppiter fruges perdidit, Cic. Rosc. Am. 45, 131: funditus civitatem, id. Att. 6, 1, 5: se ipsum penitus, id. Fin. 1, 15, 49: perdere et affligere cives, id. Rosc. Am. 12, 33: perdere et pessundare aliquem, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 3: aliquem capitis, i. e. to charge with a capital offence, id. As. 1, 2, 6; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 86: sumat, consumat, perdat, squander, Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 56; so, perde et peri, Plaut. Truc. 5, 59: perdere et profundere, to waste, Cic. Fam. 5, 5, 3: perdere tempus, id. de Or. 3, 36, 146: operam, id. Mur. 10, 23; cf.: oleum et operam, id. Fam. 7, 1, 3: Decius amisit vitam: at non perdidit, Auct. Her. 4, 44, 57: cur perdis adulescentem nobis? cur amat? Cur potat? Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 36.—In execrations (very common): di (deaeque omnes) te perduint, may the gods destroy you! See the passages with perduint cited init.—Pass. (late Lat.): verbis perderis ipse tuis, Prosp. Epigr.: impii de terrā perdentur, Vulg. Prov. 2, 22: quasi sterquilinium in fine perdetur, id. Job, 20, 7.—II. Transf., in gen., to lose utterly or irrecoverably:
eos (liberos), Cic. Fam. 5, 16, 3: omnes fructus industriae et fortunae, id. ib. 4, 6, 2: litem, to lose one's cause, id. de Or. 1, 36, 167: libertatem, id. Rab. Post. 9, 24: dextram manum, Plin. 7, 28, 29, § 104: memoriam, Cic. Sen. 7, 21: causam, id. Rosc. Com. 4, 11: spem, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 3: vitam, Mart. Spect. 13, 2: perii hercle! nomen perdidi, i. e. I have quite forgotten the name, Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 39.—Pass. (late Lat.): si principis vita perditur, Amm. 14, 5, 4; Hor. S. 2, 6, 59 (v. supra).—Of loss at play: ne perdiderit, non cessat perdere lusor, Ov. A. A. 1, 451; Juv. 1, 93.—Hence, perdĭtus, a, um, P. a., lost, i. e., A. Hopeless, desperate, ruined, past recovery (class.;
syn. profligatus): perditus sum, i. q. perii, I am lost! Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 6; id. Rud. 5, 1, 3: per fortunas vide, ne puerum perditum perdamus, Cic. Fam. 14, 1, 5: perditus aere alieno, id. Phil. 2, 32, 78: lacrimis ac maerore perditus, id. Mur. 40, 86: tu omnium mortalium perditissime, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 26, § 64: rebus omnibus perditis, id. Caecin. 31, 90: senatoria judicia, Cic. Verr. 1, 3, 8: valetudo, id. Tusc. 5, 10, 29.—2. In partic., desperately in love; lost, ruined by love (poet.):
amore haec perdita est, Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 13: in puellā, Prop. 1, 13, 7: amor, Cat. 89, 2.—B. Lost in a moral sense, abandoned, corrupt, profligate, flagitious, incorrigible:
adulescens perditus ac dissolutus, Cic. Tusc. 4, 25, 55: homo contaminatus, perditus, flagitiosus, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 58, § 134: abjecti homines et perditi, id. Mil. 18, 47; id. Cat. 1, 6, 9: homo perditā nequitiā, id. Clu. 13, 36: perdita atque dissoluta consilia, id. Agr. 2, 20, 55: luxuriae ac lasciviae perditae, Suet. Calig. 25: nihil fieri potest miserius, nihil perditius, nihil foedius, Cic. Att. 8, 11, 4; id. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 1; Cat. 42, 13.—Hence, sup.: omnium mortalium perditissimus, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 26, § 65; Just. 21, 5, 5.—Adv.: perdĭtē. 1. In an abandoned manner, incorrigibly:
se gerere, Cic. Att. 9, 2, A, 2.—Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
per-dō
(subj. perduint, T., C.), didī, ditus, ere, to make away with, destroy, ruin, squander, dissipate, throw away, waste, lose : fruges: se ipsum penitus: sumat, consumat, perdat, squander, T.: tempora precando, O.: oleum et operam.—Freq. in forms of cursing: te di deaeque omnes perduint, T.—Supin. acc.: Quor te is perditum? T.: se remque p. perditum ire, S.: Perditur haec lux, H.—To lose utterly, lose irrecoverably: omnīs fructūs industriae: litem, lose one's cause: causam: nomen perdidi, i. e. have quite forgotten, T.: ne perdiderit, non cessat perdere lusor, O.: perdendi temeritas (in gaming), Ta.
Origins
Proto-Indo-European *per-der. Proto-Italic *peri- Latin per- Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁tder. Proto-Italic *-ðō Latin -dō Latin perdō From per- (“through”) + -dō (“put”).
Descendants
- Italianperdere
- Sardinianpeldere
- Sardinianpeldiri
- Sardinianperdere
- Sardinianperdiri
- Portugueseperderfrom Old Galician-Portuguese perder
- Spanishperderfrom Old Spanish perder
- Catalanperdre
- Occitanpèrder
- Occitanpèrdre