verbfirst conjugation
superō
superō (present infinitive superāre, perfect active superāvī, supine superātum)
Classical[ˈsʊ.pɛ.roː]Ecclesiastical[ˈsuː.pe.ro]
№ 668 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- to surmount, rise over, rise above, go over, ascend, overtop, mount
superantque cacūmina nūbēs.
and the peaks rise above the clouds.8 CE, Ovidius, Metamorphoses 1.: 317 - to go over, pass over, surpass, exceed, traverse
- to be superior, surpass, exceed, excel, outdo, outstrip, be in excess, have the upper hand
Constat enim inter omnes nihil tam operose ab aliis esse perfectum, quod non horum elegantia commentariorum superetur
It is agreed amongst all that there are no works created by others with such great care that are not exceeded in elegance by the these commentariesAulus Hirtus, De Bello Gallico 8.0.4 - to be abundant, overflow
- to overcome, overpower, conquer, subdue
- to remain; to be left, left over, or left alone; to survive; to be safe, to be spared
“‘Nōn prius aspiciēs ubi fessum aetāte parentem līqueris Anchīsēn; superet coniūnxne Creūsā, Ascaniusque puer?’” “‘First, why don't you see where you left your father, Anchises, weary with age? Does [your wife,] Creüsa, survive? And the child, Ascanius?’”
(Venus reminds Aeneas to return to his own family.)29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 2.596–598
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
vincō, melior sum; hostēs superātī sunt.superō -āre — in Mille Verba, Bellum et Arma
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Vincere · Superare · Opprimere
1. Vincere (εἴκειν? or ἀγκὰς ἀναγκάζειν?) means, to drive an adversary from his place, like νικᾶν; superare to win a place from an adversary, like ὑπερβάλλεσθαι. The vincens has more to do with living objects, with enemies; the superans with inanimate objects, with difficulties. Tac. Ann. i. 25. Invictos et nullis casibus superabiles Romanos. 2. Evincere denotes especially the exertion and duration of the conflict; devincere, its consequence, and the completeness of the victory. 3. Vincere means to conquer by fighting; opprimere, without fighting, by merely appearing, in consequence of a surprisal, or of a decided superiority of forces. Cic. Mil. 11. Vi victa vis, vel potius oppressa virtute audacia est: and to the same purport, Muren. 15. Mithridatem L. Murena repressum magna ex parte, non oppressum reliquit. (iv. 278.)
Conjugation conjugation 1
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | superō | superābam | superābō | superāvī | superāveram superāram | superāverō superārō |
| 2nd sg. | superās | superābās | superābis | superāvistī superāstī | superāverās superārās | superāveris superāris |
| 3rd sg. | superat | superābat | superābit | superāvit superāt | superāverat superārat | superāverit superārit |
| 1st pl. | superāmus | superābāmus | superābimus | superāvimus superāmus | superāverāmus superārāmus | superāverimus superārimus |
| 2nd pl. | superātis | superābātis | superābitis | superāvistis superāstis | superāverātis superārātis | superāveritis superāritis |
| 3rd pl. | superant | superābant | superābunt | superāvērunt superārunt, superāvēre | superāverant superārant | superāverint superārint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | superem | superārem | superāverim superārim | superāvissem superāssem |
| 2nd sg. | superēs | superārēs | superāverīs superārīs | superāvissēs superāssēs |
| 3rd sg. | superet | superāret | superāverit superārit | superāvisset superāsset |
| 1st pl. | superēmus | superārēmus | superāverīmus superārīmus | superāvissēmus superāssēmus |
| 2nd pl. | superētis | superārētis | superāverītis superārītis | superāvissētis superāssētis |
| 3rd pl. | superent | superārent | superāverint superārint | superāvissent superāssent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | superor | superābar | superābor |
| 2nd sg. | superāris superāre | superābāris superābāre | superāberis superābere |
| 3rd sg. | superātur | superābātur | superābitur |
| 1st pl. | superāmur | superābāmur | superābimur |
| 2nd pl. | superāminī | superābāminī | superābiminī |
| 3rd pl. | superantur | superābantur | superābuntur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | superer | superārer |
| 2nd sg. | superēris superēre | superārēris superārēre |
| 3rd sg. | superētur | superārētur |
| 1st pl. | superēmur | superārēmur |
| 2nd pl. | superēminī | superārēminī |
| 3rd pl. | superentur | superārentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | superā | superāre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | superāte | superāminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | superātō | superātor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | superātō | superātor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | superātōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | superantō | superantor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | superāre | superārī |
| perfect infinitive | superāvisse superāsse | superātum esse |
| future infinitive | superātūrum esse | superātum īrī |
| present participle | superāns superante, superantem, superantēs, superantī, superantia, superantibus, superantis, superantīs, superantium | — |
| perfect participle | — | superātus superāta, superātā, superātae, superātam, superātārum, superātās, superātī, superātōrum, superātōs |
| future participle | superātūrus superātūra, superātūrā, superātūrae, superātūram, superātūrārum, superātūrās, superātūre, superātūrī, superātūrīs, superātūrō, superātūrōrum, superātūrōs, superātūrum | superandus |
gerundsuperandī, superandō, superandumsupinesuperātum, superātū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- promunturium superare
- to double a cape.
- aqua pectus aequat, superat
- the water is up to, is above, the chest.
- superare insulam, promunturium
- to double an island, cape.
- proelio vinci, superari, inferiorem, victum discedere
- to be defeated in fight, lose the battle.
- superare Alpes, Pyrenaeum, Apenninum(both always in the sing.)
- to cross the Alps, Pyrenees, Apennines.
sŭpĕro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a.
I. [id.].
I. Neutr., to go over, to rise above, overtop, surmount.
A. Lit. (very rare; syn. transcendo): maximo saltu superabit gravidus armatis equus, surmounted, leaped the wall, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Trag. v. 97 Vahl.):
sol superabat ex mari, Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 41: ripis superat mihi atque abundat pectus laetitia meum, id. ib. 2, 1, 6: jugo superans, passing over the summit, Verg. A. 11, 514: superat agger ad auras, Stat. Th. 4, 458: (angues) superant capite et cervicibus altis, Verg. A. 2, 219. — B. Trop. (freq. and class.).
1. To have the upper hand or superiority, to be superior, to overcome, surpass (syn. vinco):
denique nostra superat manus, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 80: quā (sc. virtute) nostri milites facile superabant, Caes. B. G. 3, 14; 1, 40: numero militum, Liv. 29, 30, 8; cf.: numero hostis, virtute Romanus superat, id. 9, 32, 7: tantum superantibus malis, id. 3, 16, 4: sorte, id. 38, 36, 10: victor, superans animis, Verg. A. 5, 473: hostes equitatu superare, Nep. Ages. 3, 6: unde salo superant venti, Prop. 3, 5 (4, 4), 29: superat sententia Sabini, Caes. B. G. 5, 31: si superaverit morbus, Plin. Ep. 7, 1, 3.—2. To exceed, be in excess, be superfluous; to be abundant, to abound (syn. supersum):
in quo et deesse aliquam partem et superare mendosum est, Cic. de Or. 2, 19, 83: pecunia superabat? at egebas, id. Or. 67, 224: uter igitur est divitior? cui deest an cui superat? id. Par. 6, 3, 49: quis tolerare potest, illis divitias superare, nobis rem familiarem etiam ad necessaria deesse? Sall. C. 20, 11: cui quamquam virtus, gloria ... superabant, id. J. 64, 1: quae Jugurthae fesso superaverant, had been too much for, id. ib. 70, 2: de eo quod ipsis superat, Cic. Fin. 5, 15, 42: Quinto delegabo, si quid aeri meo alieno superabit et emptionibus, id. Att. 13, 46, 3: superabat umor in arvis, Lucr. 5, 804: superante multitudine, Liv. 3, 5: cum otium superat, id. 3, 17: num tibi superat superbia? Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 86: gentis superant tibi laudes, Tib. 4, 1, 28: dum superat gregibus juventas, Verg. G. 3, 63: si superant fetus, id. ib. 1, 189: quam facile tunc sit omnia impedire et quam hoc Caesari superet, non te fallit, perh. how exceedingly easy it would have been, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 5, 3 dub.—3. To be left over, to remain, survive (syn. supersum):
quae superaverint animalia capta, immolant, Caes. B. G. 6, 17: quod superaret pecuniae, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 195: quae arma superabunt, Pompon. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, A, § 4; Plaut. Truc. 5, 49: nihil ex raptis commeatibus superabat, Liv. 22, 40, 8: pepulerunt jam paucos superantes, id. 22, 49, 5: si de quincunce remota est Uncia, quid superat? Hor. A. P. 328: sex superant versus, Prop. 4 (5), 2, 57. pars quae sola mei superabit corporis, ossa, Tib. 3, 2, 17; Plaut. Truc. prol. 20: superet modo Mantua nobis, Verg. E. 9, 27: uter eorum vitā superarit, whichever survives, Caes. B. G. 6, 19: quae superaverint animalia, id. ib. 6, 17: quid puer Ascanius? superatne et vescitur aurā? Verg. A. 3, 339: captae superavimus urbi, id. ib. 2, 643; Liv. 29, 7, 7: quid igitur superat, quod purgemus? id. 45, 24, 1.—II. Act., to go or pass over, rise above; to mount, ascend; to surmount, overtop.
A. Lit.
1. In gen.: in altisono Caeli clipeo temo superat Stellas, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 73 Müll. (Vahl. Enn. p. 119, om. stellas):
tempestas summas ripas fluminis superavit, Caes. B. C. 1, 48: ventosum aequor, Ov. Ib. 591: fluvium, Luc. 4, 150: mare, Sen. Oet. 128: pedibus salsas lacunas, Lucr. 3, 1031: munitiones, Liv. 5, 8, 10: quas (Alpes) nullā dum viā superatas, id. 5, 34, 6; 21, 26, 4; 21, 30, 5; 21, 38, 1; 23, 45, 3: Tauro monte superato, id. 35, 13, 4: montes, Verg. G. 3, 270: Alpes cursu, Luc. 1, 183: immensa montium juga, Plin. Pan. 81, 1: Caucasum, Curt. 7, 3, 22: hoc jugum, Verg. A. 6, 676: fossas, id. ib. 9, 314: summi fastigia tecti Ascensu, id. ib. 2, 303; cf.: caprae gravido superant vix ubere limen, id. G. 3, 317: retia saltu (vulpes), Ov. M. 7, 767: tantum itineris, to traverse, pass over, Tac. Agr. 33: regionem castrorum, to go past or beyond, Caes. B. C. 1, 69; cf. Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43: insidias circa ipsum iter locatas, Liv. 2, 50, 6: collocatur in eo turris tabulatorum quae superaret fontis fastigium, but so as to overtop, command, Hirt. B. G. 8, 41: superat (Parnassus) cacumine nubes, Ov. M. 1, 317.—2. In partic.
a. Naut. t. t., to sail by or past a place, a promontory, etc.; to double or weather a point, etc.; promontorium, Lucil. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 1, 244; Auct. B. Afr. 62, 3; Liv. 26, 26, 1; 30, 25, 6; 31, 23, 3; Tac. A. 15, 46 et saep.:
Euboeam, Nep. Them. 3, 3: cursu Isthmon, Ov. Tr. 1, 11, 5: intima Regna Liburnorum et fontem Timavi, Verg. A. 1, 244 Serv.— Poet., transf.: musarum scopulos, Enn. ap. Cic. Brut. 19, 76 (Ann. v. 223 Vahl.).— b. To rise above, exceed in height:
ut alibi umbilico tenus aqua esset, alibi genua vix superaret, Liv. 36, 45, 9; cf.: posterior partes superat mensura priores, i. e. exceeds in size, Ov. M. 15, 378.—B. Trop., to surpass, excel, exceed, outdo, outstrip in any quality, in value, etc.
1. In gen.:
non potest quaestus consistere, si eum sumptus superat, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 74: ne sumptus fructum superet, Varr. R. R. 1, 53: qui omnes homines supero atque antideo cruciabilitatibus animi, Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 3: virtute, laude, dignitate, Cic. Planc. 2, 6 sq.: aut ingenio aut fortunā aut dignitate superari, id. Lael. 3, 11: omnes homines constantiā et gravitate, id. Fam. 1, 9, 16: doctrinā Graecia nos et omni litterarum genere superabat, id. Tusc. 1, 1, 3: auctoritatis pondere et utilitatis ubertate, id. de Or. 1, 44, 195; Hirt. B. G. 8, prooem. § 4: aliquem nobilitate, Ov. P. 3, 2, 56: Phoebum superare canendo, Verg. E. 5, 9: omnes scelere, Liv. 29, 8: aliquem dignitate vitae, Nep. Alcib. 11, 2: aliquem ingenio, id. Dion, 4, 1: duritiā ferrum, Ov. H. 2, 137: vel cursu superare canem vel viribus aprum, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 51: omnes in ceteris artibus, Nep. Epam. 2, 2: summam spem civium incredibili virtute, Cic. Lael. 3, 11: non dubitabam, quin hanc epistulam multi nuntii, fama denique esset ipsa tua celeritate superatura, will outstrip, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1.— 2. In partic., in milit. lang., to overcome, subdue, conquer, vanquish (syn. debello):
victis hostibus, quos nemo posse superari ratu'st, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 24: armatos ac victores, Caes. B. G. 1, 40: maximas nationes, id. ib. 3, 28; 2, 24: quos integros superavissent, id. B. C. 2, 5: bello superatos esse Arvernos et Rutenos a Q. Fabio Maximo, id. B. G. 1, 45: si Helvetios superaverint Romani, id. ib. 1, 17: Massilienses bis proelio navali superati, id. B. C. 2, 22: clam ferro incautum superat, Verg. A. 1, 350: bello superatus, Ov. M. 12, 364: Asiam bello, Nep. Ages. 4, 3: tota insula in unā urbe superata est, Flor. 2, 6.—b. Transf., in gen.: quem (C. Curium) nemo ferro potuit superare nec auro, Enn. ap. Cic. Rep. 3, 3, 6 (Ann. v. 220 Vahl.):
in quo (genere officii) etiam si multi mecum contendent, omnes facile superabo, Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 4: si erum videt superare amorem, Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 7: hanc (orationem) assidua ac diligens scriptura superabit, Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 150: si meam spem vis improborum fefellerit atque superaverit, id. Cat. 4, 11, 23: injurias fortunae facile veterum philosophorum praeceptis superabat, id. Fin. 4, 7, 17: pareatur necessitati, quam ne dii quidem superant, which even the gods are not above, not superior to, Liv. 9, 4, 16: casus omnes, Verg. A. 11, 244: superanda omnis fortuna ferendo est, id. ib. 5, 710: labores, id. ib. 3, 368: difficultates omnes, Vell. 2, 120, 4: cum incedendi nimietate jam superarer, Amm. 19, 8, 6.—Hence, sŭpĕrans, antis, P. a. * A. Rising high, prominent, high, lofty:
mons superantissimus, Sol. 2 med.—* B. Prevailing, predominant:
superantior ignis, Lucr. 5, 394.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
superō āvī, ātus, āre
superus, to go over, rise above, overtop, surmount, transcend : capite et cervicibus, V.: has (turrīs) altitudo puppium ex barbaris navibus superabat, Cs.: ut aqua genua vix superaret, L.: Posterior partīs superat mensura priores, O.— To go over, rise above, mount, ascend, surmount, overtop : ardua montis Per deserta iugo superans, passing over the summit , V.: (tempestas) summas ripas fluminis superavit, Cs.: munitiones, L.: montīs, V.: Caucasum, Cu.: tantum itineris, traverse , Ta.: regionem castrorum, go beyond , Cs.: insidias circa ipsum iter locatas, L.: superant (Parnasi) cacumina nubes, O.— To sail by, pass, double, weather : promunturium, L.: Euboeam, N.: cursu Isthmon, O.: Regna Liburnorum, V.—Poet.: musarum scopulos, Enn. ap. C.— To exceed, be in excess, overrun, be abundant, abound : in quo superare mendosum est: quae Iugurthae fesso superaverant, had been too much for , S.: superante multitudine, L.: superat gregibus dum iuventas, V.: uter igitur est divitior, cui deest an cui superat?— To be left over, remain, survive : quae superaverunt animalia capta, immolant, Cs.: quod superaret pecuniae: nihil ex raptis commeatibus superabat, L.: si de quincunce remota est Uncia, quid superat? H.: vitā, survive , Cs.: Quid puer Ascanius? superatne? V.: quid igitur superat, quod purgemus? L.—In war, to be victorious, overcome, subdue, conquer, vanquish : superavit postea Cinna cum Mario: maximas nationes, Cs.: exercitūs regios: navali praelio superati, Cs.: ferro incautum, V.: bello Asiam, N.— To extend beyond : clamor superat inde castra hostium, L.—Fig., to have the upper hand, be superior, excel, overcome, surpass : numero hostis, virtute Romanus superat, L.: superans animis, i. e. exulting , V.: hostes equitatu superare, N.: superat sententia Sabini, Cs.— To surpass, excel, exceed, outdo, outstrip, transcend : quaerit, quā se virtute Plancius superarit: doctrinā Graecia nos superabat: Phoebum canendo, V.: Duritiā ferrum, O.: cursu canem, H.: non dubitabam, quin hanc epistulam fama esset celeritate superatura, will outstrip. —To master, overcome, suppress, defeat, subdue, surmount : hanc (orationem) diligens scriptura superabit: necessitas quam ne dii quidem superant, to which not even the gods are superior , L.: superanda omnis fortuna ferendo est, V.
Origins
From superus (“above”), from super (“above”), from Proto-Italic *super.
Elsewhere
- Catalansuperar
- Englishsuperate
- Italiansuperare
- Portuguesesuperar
- Spanishsuperar
- Friuliansuperâ
Balkano-Romance
- Romaniansupăra
- Romaniansupărare
- Aromanianshupãr
- Aromanianshupãrari
Italo-Romance
- Italiansoprare
- Italiansovrare
Southern Gallo-Romance
- Catalansobrar
- Occitansobrar
Ibero-Romance
- Portuguesesobrar
- Spanishsobrar
- Galiciansobrar
Northern Gallo-Romance
- Old Frenchsovrer