verbthird conjugation
trahō
trahō (present infinitive trahere, perfect active trāxī, supine tractum)
Classical[ˈtra.(ɦ)oː]Ecclesiastical[ˈtraː.o]
№ 213 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- to drag, pull
- to trail
- to extract, withdraw, derive, take away
Certīs ingeniīs immorārī et innūtrīrī oportet, sī velīs aliquid trahere quod in animō fidēliter sedeat.
You must linger among certain distinguished writers, and nourish yourself [upon their books], if you wish to derive anything that will be held reliably in your mind. (Note the possible dual meaning: initially to extract words or meaning from a text, and also to ponder something memorable.)c. 4 BCE – 65 CE, Seneca Minor, Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium 1.2.2 - to plunder, squander
- to draw out, extend, lengthen, prolong
- to protract, drag out, linger
- to weigh, ponder, consider
- figurativelyto attract, draw (someone; their attention)
- broadlyto attract the support of, sway, win over
Ea tum cura maxime intentos habebat Romanos, non ab ira tantum, quae in nullam unquam ciuitatem iustior fuit, quam quod urbs tam nobilis ac potens, sicut defectione sua traxerat aliquot populos, ita recepta inclinatura rursus animos uidebatur ad ueteris imperii respectum.
This concern in particular troubled the mindful Romans at the time, not so much because of anger, which has never been more justified against any other city, rather because a city so noble and powerful, in the same way that it had attracted the support of a number of communities by its revolt, was thought would again turn attention back towards respect for the previous government once recaptured.27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita 26.1
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
post mē dūcō vī; equī currum trahunt.trahō -ere trāxī — in Mille Verba, ch. Via et Iter
dūcō, moveōtrahō -ere, trāxī — in IVLIANVS I: Gallia, ch. 11
drag, draw
trahō -ere, trāxī, trāctus — in De Bello Gallico III
is dragged
trahitur — in Seneca, ch. IV
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Locus · Tractus · Regio · Plaga
Locus (λόχος) denotes a space, as a single point, like τόπος; tractus (from trahere) as a line, with the notion of extension to a distance, as a tract of country, something like κλίμα; regio (from ῥῆχος, ὄρχος,) as a circle, with the included notion of the environs, like the surrounding country, χῶρος; plaga (πλάξ) principally as a surface or plain.
Conjugation conjugation 3
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | trahō | trahēbam | traham | trāxī | trāxeram | trāxerō |
| 2nd sg. | trahis | trahēbās | trahēs | trāxistī | trāxerās | trāxeris |
| 3rd sg. | trahit | trahēbat | trahet | trāxit | trāxerat | trāxerit |
| 1st pl. | trahimus | trahēbāmus | trahēmus | trāximus | trāxerāmus | trāxerimus |
| 2nd pl. | trahitis | trahēbātis | trahētis | trāxistis | trāxerātis | trāxeritis |
| 3rd pl. | trahunt | trahēbant | trahent | trāxērunt trāxēre | trāxerant | trāxerint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | traham | traherem | trāxerim | trāxissem |
| 2nd sg. | trahās | traherēs | trāxerīs | trāxissēs |
| 3rd sg. | trahat | traheret | trāxerit | trāxisset |
| 1st pl. | trahāmus | traherēmus | trāxerīmus | trāxissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | trahātis | traherētis | trāxerītis | trāxissētis |
| 3rd pl. | trahant | traherent | trāxerint | trāxissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | trahor | trahēbar | trahar |
| 2nd sg. | traheris trahere | trahēbāris trahēbāre | trahēris trahēre |
| 3rd sg. | trahitur | trahēbātur | trahētur |
| 1st pl. | trahimur | trahēbāmur | trahēmur |
| 2nd pl. | trahiminī | trahēbāminī | trahēminī |
| 3rd pl. | trahuntur | trahēbantur | trahentur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | trahar | traherer |
| 2nd sg. | trahāris trahāre | traherēris traherēre |
| 3rd sg. | trahātur | traherētur |
| 1st pl. | trahāmur | traherēmur |
| 2nd pl. | trahāminī | traherēminī |
| 3rd pl. | trahantur | traherentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | trahe | trahere |
| pres. 2nd pl. | trahite | trahiminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | trahitō | trahitor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | trahitō | trahitor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | trahitōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | trahuntō | trahuntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | trahere | trahī |
| perfect infinitive | trāxisse trāxe | tractum esse |
| future infinitive | tractūrum esse | tractum īrī |
| present participle | trahēns trahente, trahentem, trahentēs, trahentī, trahentia, trahentibus, trahentis, trahentīs, trahentium | — |
| perfect participle | — | tractus tracta, tractā, tractae, tractam, tractārum, tractās, tracte, tractī, tractīs, tractō, tractōrum, tractōs |
| future participle | tractūrus tractūra, tractūrā, tractūrae, tractūram, tractūrārum, tractūrās, tractūre, tractūrī, tractūrīs, tractūrō, tractūrōrum, tractūrōs, tractūrum | trahendus trahundus |
gerundtrahendī, trahendō, trahendumsupinetractum, tractū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- laudis studio trahi
- to be guided by ambition.
- litterarum studio trahi
- to feel an attraction for study.
- trahi, ferri ad litteras
- to feel an attraction for study.
- bellum ducere, trahere, extrahere
- to protract, prolong a war.
- originem ab aliquo trahere, ducere
- to trace one's descent from some one.
trăho, xi, ctum, 3 (
I. inf. perf. sync. traxe, Verg. A. 5, 786), v. a. cf. Sanscr. trankh, trakh, to move; Gr. τρέχω, to run, to draw, drag, or haul, to drag along; to draw off, forth, or away, etc. (syn.: tracto, rapio, rapto, duco).
I. Lit.
A. In gen.:
Amphitruonem collo, Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 72: cum a custodibus in fugā trinis catenis vinctus traheretur, Caes. B. G. 1, 53: trahebatur passis Priameïa virgo Crinibus a templo Cassandra, Verg. A. 2, 403: corpus tractum et laniatum abjecit in mare, Cic. Phil. 11, 2, 5: materiam (malagmata), Cels. 4, 7: bilem, Plin. 25, 5, 22, § 54: vapor porro trahit aëra secum, Lucr. 3, 233: limum harenamque et saxa ingentia fluctus trahunt, Sall. J. 78, 3: Charybdis naves ad litora trahit, id. Fragm. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 3, 425; cf.: Scyllam naves in saxa trahentem, Verg. l. l.: (haematiten) trahere in se argentum, aes, ferrum, Plin. 36, 20, 38, § 146: Gy. Amiculum hoc sustolle saltem. Si. Sine trahi, cum egomet trahor, let it drag or trail, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 117; cf.: tragula ab eo, quod trahitur per terram, Varr. L. L. 5, § 139 Müll.: sarcinas, Sen. Ep. 44, 6: vestem per pulpita, Hor. A. P. 215: plaustra per altos montes cervice (boves), Verg. G. 3, 536: siccas machinae carinas, Hor. C. 1, 4, 2: genua aegra, Verg. A. 5, 468: trahantur per me pedibus omnes rei, Cic. Fam. 7, 32, 2; cf.: aliquem ad praetorem, Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 45: praecipitem in pistrinum, id. Ps. 1, 5, 79: Hectorem circum sua Pergama, to drag, trail, Ov. M. 12, 591. — Of a train of soldiers, attendants, etc.: Scipio gravem jam spoliis multarum urbium exercitum trahens, Liv. 30, 9, 10: ingentem secum occurrentium prosequentiumque trahentes turbam, id. 45, 2, 3; 6, 3, 4; cf.: sacra manu victosque deos parvumque nepotem Ipse trahit, Verg. A. 2, 321: secum legionem, Val. Max. 3, 2, 20: feminae pleraeque parvos trahentes liberos, ibant, Curt. 3, 13, 12; 5, 5, 15: uxor, quam comitem trahebat, id. 8, 3, 2: folium secum, Val. Max. 4, 3, 12: cum privato comitatu quem semper secum trahere moris fuit, Vell. 2, 40, 3: magnam manum Thracum secum, id. 2, 112, 4.—B. In partic.
1. To draw out, pull out, extract, withdraw:
trahens haerentia viscere tela, drawing out, extracting, Ov. M. 6, 290: ferrum e vulnere, id. ib. 4, 120: e corpore ferrum, id. F. 5, 399: de corpore telum, id. M. 5, 95; cf.: gladium de visceribus, Mart. 1, 14, 2: manu lignum, Ov. M. 12, 371; cf.: te quoque, Luna, traho (i. e. de caelo), draw down, id. ib. 7, 207: captum Jovem Caelo trahit, Sen. Oct. 810. —2. To draw together, bring together, contract, wrinkle:
at coria et carnem trahit et conducit in unum, Lucr. 6, 968: in manibus vero nervi trahere, id. 6, 1190: vultum rugasque coëgit, Ov. Am. 2, 2, 33.—3. Of fluids, etc., to draw in, take in, quaff; draw, draw up: si pocula arente fauce traxerim, had drawn in, i. e. quaffed, Hor. Epod. 14, 4; cf. Ov. M. 15, 330:
aquas, Luc. 7, 822: venena ore, id. 9, 934: ubera, id. 3, 351 al.: ex puteis jugibus aquam calidam trahi (videmus), Cic. N. D. 2, 9, 25: navigium aquam trahit, draws or lets in water, leaks, Sen. Ira, 2, 10, 5; cf.: sanguinem jumento de cervice, to draw, let, Veg. Vet. 3, 43.—Of smelling: odorem naribus, Phaedr. 3, 1, 4.—Of drawing in the breath, inhaling: auras ore, Ov. M. 2, 230: animam, Plin. 11, 3, 2, § 6; cf.: Servilius exiguā in spe trahebat animam, Liv. 3, 6, 8: spiritum, to draw breath, Col. 6, 9, 3; Sen. Ira, 3, 43, 4; Cels. 4, 4; Curt. 3, 6, 10: spiritum extremum, Phaedr. 1, 21, 4: penitus suspiria, to heave sighs, to sigh, Ov. M. 2, 753: vocem imo a pectore, Verg. A. 1, 371.—4. To take on, assume, acquire, get:
Iris Mille trahens varios adverso sole colores, Verg. A. 4, 701: squamam cutis durata trahebat, Ov. M. 3, 675: colorem, id. ib. 2, 236; 14, 393: ruborem, id. ib. 3, 482; 10, 595: calorem, id. ib. 11, 305: lapidis figuram, id. ib. 3, 399: maturitatem, Col. 1, 6, 20: sucum, id. 11, 3, 60: robiginem, Plin. 36, 18, 30, § 136. —5. To drag away violently, to carry off, plunder, = ἄγειν καὶ φέρειν:
cetera rape, trahe, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 12: rapere omnes, trahere, Sall. C. 11, 4: quibus non humana ulla neque divina obstant, quin ... in opes potentisque trahant exscindant, id. H. 4, 61, 17 Dietsch: sibi quisque ducere, trahere, rapere, id. J. 41, 5: de aliquo trahere spolia, Cic. Balb. 23, 54: praedam ex agris, Liv. 25, 14, 11: tantum jam praedae hostes trahere, ut, etc., id. 10, 20, 3; cf.: pastor cum traheret per freta navibus Idaeis Helenen, Hor. C. 1, 15, 1.—6. Trahere pecuniam (for distrahere), to make away with, to dissipate, squander:
omnibus modis pecuniam trahunt, vexant, Sall. C. 20, 12.—7. Of drugs, etc., to purge, rcmove, clear away:
bilem ex alvo, Plin. 25, 5, 22, § 54; 26, 8, 42, § 69: pituitam, id. 21, 23, 94, § 166: cruditates, pituitas, bilem, id. 32, 9, 31, § 95.—8. Trahere lanam, vellera, etc., to draw out lengthwise, i. e. to spin, manufacture: manibus trahere lanam, Varr. ap. Non. 545, 12:
lanam, Juv. 2, 54: vellera digitis, Ov. M. 14, 265: data pensa, id. ib. 13, 511; id. H. 3, 75: Laconicas purpuras, Hor. C. 2, 18, 8.—II. Trop.,
A. In gen.
1. To draw, draw along; to attract, allure, influence, etc.:
trahimur omnes studio laudis et optimus quisque maxime gloriā ducitur, Cic. Arch. 11, 26; cf.: omnes trahimur et ducimur ad cognitionis et scientiae cupiditatem, id. Off. 1, 6, 18: allicere delectatione et viribus trahere, Quint. 5, 14, 29: trahit sua quemque voluptas, Verg. E. 2, 65: aliquem in aliam partem, to bring or gain over, Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 2; so, Drusum in partes, Tac. A. 4, 60: civitatem ad regem, Liv. 42, 44, 3: aliquem in suam sententiam, id. 5, 25, 1; cf. also: rem ad Poenos, id. 24, 2, 8; 23, 8, 2: res ad Philippum, id. 32, 19, 2: ni ea res longius nos ab incepto traheret, draw off, divert, Sall. C. 7, 7.—2. To drag, lead, bring:
plures secum in eandem calamitatem, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19: Lucanos ad defectionem, Liv. 25, 16, 6: quo fata trahunt retrahuntque, sequamur, Verg. A. 5, 709: ducunt volentem fata, nolentem trahunt, Cleanth. ap. Sen. Ep. 107, 11.—3. To draw to, i. e. appropriate, refer, ascribe, set down to, etc.:
atque egomet me adeo cum illis una ibidem traho, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 166: St. Quid quod dedisti scortis? Le. Ibidem una traho, id. ib. 2, 4, 10: hi numero avium regnum trahebant, drew to their side, laid claim to, claimed, Liv. 1, 7, 1; cf.: qui captae decus Nolae ad consulem trahunt, id. 9, 28, 6: omnia non bene consulta in virtutem trahebantur, were set down to, referred, attributed, Sall. J. 92, 2: ornatum ipsius (ducis) in superbiam, Tac. H. 2, 20: cuncta Germanici in deterius, id. A. 1, 62 fin.: fortuita ad culpam, id. ib. 4, 64: id ad clementiam, id. ib. 12, 52; cf.: aliquid in religionem, Liv. 5, 23, 6: cur abstinuerit spectaculo ipse, varie trahebant, Tac. A. 1, 76 fin.: in se crimen, Ov. M. 10, 68: spinas Traxit in exemplum, adopted, id. ib. 8, 245. —4. To drag, distract, etc.:
quae meum animum divorse trahunt, Ter. And. 1, 5, 25: trahi in aliam partem mente atque animo, Caes. B. C. 1, 21: Vologeses diversas ad curas trahebatur, Tac. A. 15, 1.—5. To weigh, ponder, consider:
belli atque pacis rationes trahere, Sall. J. 97, 2; cf. id. ib. 84, 4: trahere consilium, to form a decision or determination, id. ib. 98, 3.—6. To get, obtain, derive: qui majorem ex pernicie et peste rei publicae molestiam traxerit, who has derived, i. e. has received, suffered, Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 1:
qui cognomen ex contumeliā traxerit, id. Phil. 3, 6, 16: nomen e causis, Plin. 15, 14, 15, § 51: inde nomen, id. 36, 20, 38, § 146: nomen ab illis, Ov. M. 4, 291: originem ab aliquo, to derive, deduce, Plin. 5, 24, 21, § 86; 6, 28, 32, § 157: scio ab isto initio tractum esse sermonem, i. e. has arisen, Cic. Brut. 6, 21: facetiae, quae multum ex vero traxere, drew, i. e. they were founded largely on truth, Tac. A. 15, 68; cf.: multum ex moribus (Sarmatarum) traxisse, id. G. 46, 2.—7. Of time, to protract, drag out, linger:
afflictus vitam in tenebris luctuque trahebam, Verg. A. 2, 92; so, vitam, Phaedr. 3, 7, 12; 4, 5, 37; Plin. 28, 1, 2, § 9: traherent cum sera crepuscula noctem, was bringing on the night, Ov. M. 1, 219: verba, to drag, i. e. to utter with difficulty, Sil. 8, 79.—8. To draw out, in respect of time; to extend, prolong, lengthen; to protract, put off, delay, retard (cf.:
prolato, extendo): sin trahitur bellum, Cic. Att. 10, 8, 2; cf. Liv. 5, 10, 7; Sall. J. 23, 2: trahere omnia, to interpose delays of all kinds, id. ib. 36, 2; Ov. M. 12, 584: pugnam aliquamdiu, Liv. 25, 15, 14: dum hoc naturae Corpus ... manebit incolume, comitem aevi sui laudem Ciceronis trahet, Vell. 2, 66, 5: obsidionem in longius, Quint. 1, 10, 48; cf.: rem de industriā in serum, Liv. 32, 35, 4: omnia, id. 32, 36, 2: jurgiis trahere tempus, id. 32, 27, 1: tempus, Auct. B. Alex. 38, 2: moram ficto languore, Ov. M. 9, 767: (legati) querentes, trahi se a Caesare, that they were put off, delayed, Suet. Tib. 31 fin.; so, aliquem sermone, quousque, etc., Val. Max. 4, 4, 1: Marius multis diebus et laboribus consumptis anxius trahere cum animo suo, omitteretne inceptum, Sall. J. 93, 1.—9. Rarely neutr., to drag along, to last, endure. si quis etiam in eo morbo diutius traxit, Cels. 2, 8 med.:
decem annos traxit ista dominatio, Flor. 4, 2, 12.—Hence, tractus, a, um, P. a., drawn on, i. e. proceeding continuously, flowing, fluent, of language: genus orationis fusum atque tractum, Cic. de Or. 2, 15, 64: in his (contione et hortatione) tracta quaedam et fluens expetitur, id. Or. 20, 66.—B. Subst.: tractum, i, n., any thing drawn out at length.
1. A flock of wool drawn out for spinning:
tracta de niveo vellere dente, Tib. 1, 6, 80.—2. A long piece of dough pulled out in making pastry, Cato, R. R. 76, 1; 76, 4; Apic. 2, 1; 4, 3; 5, 1 al.—Called also tracta, ae, f., Plin. 18, 11, 27, § 106.
Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
trahō trāxī (inf perf. trāxe for trāxisse, V.), tractus, ere
TRAG-, to draw, drag, haul, train along, draw off, pull forth, drag away : cum a custodibus in fugā trinis catenis vinctus traheretur, Cs.: trahantur pedibus omnes rei (sc. ad supplicium): Hector circum sua Pergama tractus, O.: nullum vacuum tractum esse remum, pulled : limum harenamque fluctūs trahunt, S.: Hectoris umbra circum sua Pergama, to trail , O.—Of followers or attendants, to lead, draw, take along, be followed by : exercitum, L.: Sacra manu victosque deos, V.: uxor, quam comitem trahebat, Cu.— To draw out, pull out, extract, withdraw : haerentia viscere tela, O.: e corpore ferrum, O.: Te quoque, Luna, traho, drag down , O.— To draw together, bring together, contract, wrinkle : voltum, rugasque coëgit, O.— To draw, draw up, draw in, take in, quaff, inhale : Pocula fauce, quaff , H.: ex puteis iugibus aquam trahi (videmus): Odorem naribus, Ph.: exiguā in spe animam, L.: spiritum, Cu.: penitus suspiria, to heave sighs , O.: imo a pectore vocem, V.— To take on, assume, acquire, get : Iris Mille trahens varios adverso sole colores, V.: sannam cutis durata trahebat, O.: lapidis figuram, O.— To drag away violently, carry off, plunder : rapere omnes, trahere, S.: de nobis trahere spolia: praedam ex agris, L.— To make away with, dissipate, squander : pecuniam, S.— To draw out, spin, manufacture : lanam, Iu.: vellera digitis, O.: Laconicas purpuras, H.—Fig., to draw, draw along, lead on, force, attract, allure, influence : trahimur omnes studio laudis: trahit sua quemque voluptas, V.: me in aliam partem, to gain over : ad Poenos rem, L.: si alii alio trahunt res, i. e. if they divide into factions , L.: per principes factionibus et studiis trahuntur, Ta.: longius nos ab incepto, divert , S.— To drag, lead, bring : plures secum in eandem calamitatem: ad defectionem Lucanos, L.: traherent cum sera crepuscula noctem, O.— To draw to, appropriate, refer, ascribe, set down to : hi numero avium regnum trahebant, i. e. laid claim to , L.: omnia non bene consulta in virtutem trahebantur, S.: Iovis equis aequiperatum dictatorem in religionem trahebant, i. e. regarded as impious presumption , L.: spinas Traxit in exemplum, took , O.: apud civīs partem doloris publica trahebat clades, appropriated , L.— To drag, distract : meum animum divorse, T.: in aliam partem mente trahi, Cs.— To weigh, ponder, consider : belli atque pacis rationes, S.: consilium, i. e. form a plan , S.— To get, obtain, derive, acquire, experience : maiorem ex peste rei p. molestiam: nomen ab illis, O.: multum ex moribus (Sarmatarum) traxisse, adopted , Ta.—In time, to protract, drag out, linger through, extend, prolong, lengthen, delay, retard : vitam in tenebris, V.: si trahitur bellum: de industriā rem in serum, L.: iurgiis tempus, S.: Marius anxius trahere cum animo suo, omitteretne inceptum, i. e. deliberated , S.
Origins
Unclear. The -h- would normally correspond to Proto-Indo-European *-ǵʰ- or *-gʰ- (compare veho, from Proto-Italic *weɣō, from Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ-). A relationship with Proto-Germanic *draganą (“to drag, draw”) is debated, since Latin initial t- and Germanic initial *d- is not a usual correspondence. Some consider it impossible for both to be inherited from a common Proto-Indo-European root (though De Vaan thinks they could be related as loans from some common non-Indo-European source). Others derive both from a Proto-Indo-European or post-PIE root *dʰragʰ-, with Latin showing a controversial dissimilation to *dragʰ- (Weiss treats the liquid after the first stop as an essential condition for this "Limited Latin Grassmann's Law"), followed by devoicing of dr to tr (a more generally accepted sound change). Schrijver argues that the presence of -ā- in the perfect stem and in some related forms such as trāgula is a sure sign of an original laryngeal in the root, and proposes *dʰr(e)Hgʰ- as a possible form. De Vaan reconstructs a non-Indo-European (substrate) root *trHgʰ- or *trā̆gʰ-, borrowed into Italic and Celtic, as a potential source of both Latin trahō and Old Irish tethraig (“ran away, receded”), Welsh traul (“trouble, weakness; cost, expense”) < Proto-Celtic *trāglo-. Other possible cognates include * Proto-Celtic *tregess (“foot”), Gothic 𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (þragjan, “to run”), Proto-Slavic *tragъ, but semantically problematic. * Latin tergus (“back, rear”)/Latin tergum, Ancient Greek τρέχω (trékhō), Proto-Germanic *trekaną (“to push, drag, scratch”), *trudaną (“to tread, to step on”)
Descendants
- Catalantraure
- Catalantreure
- Italiantrarre
- Occitantréger
- Occitantraire
- Frenchtrairefrom Old French traire
- Portuguesetrazerfrom Old Galician-Portuguese trager
- Portuguesetrajerfrom Old Galician-Portuguese trager
- Portuguesetraguerfrom Old Galician-Portuguese trager
- Spanishtraerfrom Old Spanish traer