verbthird conjugation, third person-only in the passive
fundō1
fundō (present infinitive fundere, perfect active fūdī, supine fūsum)
Classical[ˈfʊn.doː]Ecclesiastical[ˈfun.do]
№ 523 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- transitiveto pour out, shed
- transitiveto melt, cast, found, make by smelting
- to overthrow, overcome, rout, vanquish an enemy, rout, scatter
- to throw or cast to the ground, prostrate
- figurativelytransitiveto moisten, wet
- transitiveto extend, spread out
- transitiveto utter
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
aquam vel oleum ex vāse mittō; quod funditur, fluit.fundō -ere fūdī — in Mille Verba, Mercātus
to pour
fundō -ere — in Viri Romae Facillimi, ch. 18
Conjugation conjugation 3
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | fundō | fundēbam fundābam | fundam fundābō | fūdī fundāvī | fūderam fundāveram | fūderō fundārō, fundāverō |
| 2nd sg. | fundis | fundēbās fundābās | fundēs fundābis | fūdistī fundāstī, fundāvistī | fūderās fundārās, fundāverās | fūderis fundāveris |
| 3rd sg. | fundit | fundēbat fundābat | fundet fundābit | fūdit fundāvit | fūderat fundārat, fundāverat | fūderit fundārit, fundāverit |
| 1st pl. | fundimus | fundēbāmus fundābāmus | fundēmus fundābimus | fūdimus fundāvimus | fūderāmus fundāverāmus | fūderimus fundārimus, fundāverimus |
| 2nd pl. | funditis | fundēbātis fundābātis | fundētis fundābitis | fūdistis fundāstis, fundāvistis | fūderātis fundārātis, fundāverātis | fūderitis fundāritis, fundāveritis |
| 3rd pl. | fundunt | fundēbant fundābant | fundent fundābunt | fūdērunt fūdēre, fundārunt, fundāvēre, fundāvērunt | fūderant fundārant, fundāverant | fūderint fundārint, fundāverint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | fundam fundem | funderem fundārem | fūderim fundārim, fundāverim | fūdissem fundāssem, fundāvissem |
| 2nd sg. | fundās | funderēs fundārēs | fūderīs fundāverīs | fūdissēs fundāssēs, fundāvissēs |
| 3rd sg. | fundat | funderet fundāret | fūderit fundārit, fundāverit | fūdisset fundāsset, fundāvisset |
| 1st pl. | fundāmus | funderēmus fundārēmus | fūderīmus fundārīmus, fundāverīmus | fūdissēmus fundāssēmus, fundāvissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | fundātis | funderētis fundārētis | fūderītis fundārītis, fundāverītis | fūdissētis fundāssētis, fundāvissētis |
| 3rd pl. | fundant | funderent fundārent | fūderint fundārint, fundāverint | fūdissent fundāssent, fundāvissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | fundor | fundābar | fundābor |
| 2nd sg. | fundāris | fundābāre fundābāris | fundābere fundāberis |
| 3rd sg. | funditur | fundēbātur fundābātur | fundētur fundābitur |
| 1st pl. | fundāmur | fundābāmur | fundābimur |
| 2nd pl. | — | fundābāminī | fundābiminī |
| 3rd pl. | funduntur | fundēbantur fundābantur | fundentur fundābuntur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | funder | fundārer |
| 2nd sg. | fundēris | fundārēre fundārēris |
| 3rd sg. | fundātur | funderētur fundārētur |
| 1st pl. | fundēmur | fundārēmur |
| 2nd pl. | fundēminī | fundārēminī |
| 3rd pl. | fundantur | funderentur fundārentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | funde fundā | — |
| pres. 2nd pl. | fundite fundāte | — |
| fut. 2nd sg. | funditō fundātō | fundātor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | funditō fundātō | funditor fundātor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | funditōte fundātōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | funduntō fundantō | funduntor fundantor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | fundere fundāre | fundī fundārī |
| perfect infinitive | fūdisse fundāsse, fundāvisse | fūsum esse |
| future infinitive | fūsūrum esse | fūsum īrī |
| present participle | fundēns fundāns, fundante, fundantem, fundantēs, fundantī, fundantia, fundantibus, fundantis, fundantīs, fundantium, fundente, fundentem, fundentēs, fundentī, fundentia, fundentibus, fundentis, fundentīs, fundentium | — |
| perfect participle | — | fūsum fundāta, fundātā, fundātae, fundātam, fundātārum, fundātās, fundāte, fundātī, fundātō, fundātōrum, fundātōs, fundātum, fundātus, fūsa, fūsā, fūsae, fūsam, fūsārum, fūsās, fūse, fūsī, fūsīs, fūsō, fūsōrum, fūsōs, fūsus |
| future participle | fūsūrus fundātūra, fundātūrā, fundātūrae, fundātūram, fundātūrārum, fundātūrās, fundātūre, fundātūrī, fundātūrīs, fundātūrō, fundātūrōrum, fundātūrōs, fundātūrum, fundātūrus, fūsūra, fūsūrā, fūsūrae, fūsūram, fūsūrārum, fūsūrās, fūsūre, fūsūrī, fūsūrīs, fūsūrō, fūsūrōrum, fūsūrōs, fūsūrum | fundendum fundundum |
gerundfundendī, fundendō, fundendumsupinefūsum, fūsū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- fundi
- property in land; real property.
- terra fundit fruges
- the earth brings forth fruit abundantly.
- fusum orationis genus
- a running style.
- fundere hostium copias
- to rout the enemy's forces.
- hostes (fusos) persequi
- to follow up and harass the enemy when in flight.
- fundere et fugare hostem
- to utterly rout the enemy.
- caedere et fundere hostem
- to utterly rout the enemy.
- carmina , versus fundere (De Or. 3. 50)
- to write poetry with facility.
fundo, fūdi, fūsum, 3, v. a. root FUD; Gr. ΧΥ, χεϝ-, in χέω, χεύσω;
Lat. futis, futtilis, ec-futio, re-futo, etc., Georg Curtius Gr. Etym. p. 204 sq., I. to pour, pour out, shed.
I. Lit., of fluids.
1. In gen.:
(natura terram) sucum venis cogebat fundere apertis Consimilem lactis, etc., Lucr. 5, 812: sanguinem e patera, Cic. Div. 1, 23, 46: novum liquorem (i. e. vinum) de patera, Hor. C. 1, 31, 3: vina paterā in aras, Ov. M. 9, 160; cf.: vinum inter cornua, id. ib. 7, 594: vinum super aequora, id. ib. 11, 247: duo rite mero libans carchesia Baccho Fundit humi, Verg. A. 5, 78: laticem urnis, Ov. M. 3, 172: lacrimas, Verg. A. 3, 348: cf. Ov. M. 5, 540: fundit Anigros aquas, pours out, id. ib. 15, 282: parumne fusum est Latini sanguinis? shed, spilt, Hor. Epod. 7, 4: sanguine ob rem publicam fuso, Sall. H. Fr. 2, 96, 2 Dietsch: sanguinem de regno (i. e. propter regnum), Curt. 10, 5.—Mid.: memorandum, in septem lacus eum (Strymonem) fundi, discharges itself, Plin. 4, 10, 17, § 38: ingentibus procellis fusus imber, pouring, Liv. 6, 8, 7; 6, 32, 6; cf.: sanguis in corporibus fusus, Cic. de Or. 2, 77, 310.— 2. In partic.
a. Of metals, to make by melting, to melt, cast, found:
exolevit fundendi aeris pretiosi ratio, Plin. 34, 2, 3, § 5; cf. id. 34, 7, 18, § 46: caldarium (aes) funditur tantum, malleis fragile, id. 34, 8, 20, § 94: aere fuso, id. 34, 11, 24, § 107: vitrum, id. 34, 14, 42, § 148: glandes, Auct. B. Afr. 20, 3: Theodorus ipse se ex aere fudit, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 83: ne statuam quidem inchoari, cum ejus membra fundentur, Quint. 2, 1, 12: fusis omnibus membris (statuae), id. 7 praef. § 2: olim quaerere amabam, Quid sculptum infabre, quid fusum durius esset, Hor. S. 2, 3, 22.—* b. In medic. lang.: aliquem, to cause one to have fluid stools, to relax the bowels (opp. comprimere): si compresserit aliquem morbus aut fuderit, Cels. praef. med.; cf. under P. a.—
B. Transf.
1. To wet, moisten, bathe with a liquid (poet. and very rare):
(ossa) niveo fundere lacte, Tib. 3, 2, 20: multo tempora funde mero, id. 1, 7, 50.—2. Of things non-fluid.
a. In gen., to pour forth in abundance, to scatter, cast, hurl; to spread, extend, diffuse:
desectam cum stramento segetem corbibus fudere in Tiberim, Liv. 2, 5, 3: picem reliquasque res, quibus ignis excitari potest, fundebant, Caes. B. G. 7, 24, 4: tela, Val. Fl. 3, 243: sagittam, Sil. 7, 647: (solis) radios per opaca domorum, Lucr. 2, 115: quas (maculas) incuria fudit, has scattered, Hor. A. P. 352: fundunt se carcere laeti Thraces equi, pour themselves forth, rush out, Val. Fl. 1, 611: se cuncta manus ratibus, id. 2, 662: littera fundens se in charta, Plin. 13, 12, 25, § 81: luna se fundebat per fenestras, Verg. A. 3, 152.—Mid.: ne (vitis) in omnes partes nimia fundatur, spread out, Cic. de Sen. 15, 52: homines fusi per agros ac dispersi, Cic. Sest. 42, 91.—b. In partic.
(a). With the accessory notion of production, to bring forth, bear or produce (in abundance):
crescunt arbusta et fetus in tempore fundunt, Lucr. 1, 351; cf.: terra feta frugibus et vario leguminum genere, quae cum maxima largitate fundit, Cic. N. D. 2, 62, 156: flores aut fruges aut bacas, id. Tusc. 5, 13, 37: frugem, id. de Sen. 15, 51: plus materiae (vites), Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 192: cum centesimo Leontini campi fundunt, id. 18, 10, 21, § 95: facile illa (piscium ova) aqua et sustinentur et fetum fundunt, Cic. N. D. 2, 51, 129: (terra) animal prope certo tempore fudit Omne, Lucr. 5, 823; cf. ib. 917: fudit equum magno tellus percussa tridenti, Verg. G. 1, 13: Africa asinorum silvestrium multitudinem fundit, Plin. 8, 30, 46, § 108: quae te beluam ex utero, non hominem fudit, Cic. Pis. init.; Verg. A. 8, 139, v. Forbig. ad h. l.—(b). With the secondary notion of depth or downward direction, to throw or cast to the ground, to prostrate:
(victi hostes) et de jugis, quae ceperant, funduntur, Liv. 9, 43, 20: nec prius absistit, quam septem ingentia victor Corpora (cervorum) fundat humi, Verg. A. 1, 193; cf. Ov. M. 13, 85; Sil. 4, 533: aliquem arcu, Val. Fl. 1, 446.—In middle force: fundi in alga, to lie down, Val. Fl. 1, 252.—Esp. freq. milit. t. t., overthrow, overcome, rout, vanquish an enemy: hostes nefarios prostravit, fudit, occidit, Cic. Phil. 14, 10, 27; cf.: exercitus caesus fususque, id. ib. 14, 1, 1: aliquos caedere, fundere atque fugare, Sall. J. 58, 3: Gaetulos, id. ib. 88, 3: classes fusae fugataeque, id. ib. 79, 4; cf.: si vi fudisset cecidissetque hostes, Liv. 35, 1, 8: hostes de jugis, id. 9, 43, 20: Gallos de delubris vestris, id. 6, 16, 2: eas omnes copias a se uno proelio fusas ac superatas esse, Caes. B. G. 1, 44, 8; cf.: Massilienses crebris eruptionibus fusi, id. B. C. 2, 22, 1: Latini ad Veserim fusi et fugati, Cic. Off. 3, 31, 112; Liv. 2, 6 fin.: quatuor exercitus Carthaginiensium fudi, fugavi, Hispania expuli, id. 28, 28, 9; cf. Drak. on 38, 53, 2; less freq. in a reversed order: alios arma sumentes fugant funduntque, Sall. J. 21, 2; Vell. 2, 46 fin.: omnibus hostium copiis fusis armisque exutis, Caes. B. G. 3, 6, 3: magnas copias hostium fudit, Cic. Mur. 9, 20: Sabinos equitatu fudit, id. Rep. 2, 20: Armeniorum copias, id. Arch. 9, 21: maximas copias parva manu, Sall. C. 7, 7.II. Trop.
A. Ingen., to pour out or forth, to spread out, extend, display:
imago de corpore fusa, Lucr. 4, 53: animam moribundo corpore fudit, id. 3, 1033; cf. id. 3, 700: concidit ac multo vitam cum sanguine fudit, Verg. A. 2, 532: circuli (appellantur), quod mixta farina et caseo et aqua circuitum aequabiliter fundebant, poured out, spread out, Varr. L. L. 5, § 106: quem secutus Cicero hanc famam latius fudit, Quint. 11, 2, 14; cf. id. 10, 5, 11: cum vero causa ea inciderit, in qua vis eloquentiae possit expromi: tum se latius fundet orator, will display himself, Cic. Or. 36, 125: superstitio, fusa per gentes, id. Div. 2, 72 init.; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 84: neque se tanta in eo (Cicerone) fudisset ubertas, id. 12, 2, 23: fundet opes, Latiumque beabit divite lingua, riches of expression, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 121. —Mid.: quamquam negant, nec virtutes nec vitia crescere: tamen utrumque eorum fundi quodammodo et quasi dilatari putant, to be diffused, Cic. Fin. 3, 15, 48; cf.: modo virtus latius funditur, Sen. Ep. 74, 27; and: semper ex eo, quod maximas partes continet latissimeque funditur, tota res appellatur, id. 5, 30, 92: saepe in amplificanda re funditur numerose et volubiliter oratio, id. Or. 62, 210.—B. In partic., of speech, to pour forth, utter:
per quam (arteriam) vox principium a mente ducens percipitur et funditur, Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 149; cf.: e quibus elici vocem et fundi videmus, id. Tusc. 2, 24, 56: inanes sonos, id. ib. 5, 26, 73 (for which: inani voce sonare, id. Fin. 2, 15, 48): sonum, id. Ac. 2, 23, 74: verba poëtarum more (opp. ratione et arte distinguere), id. Fin. 4, 4, 10: versus hexametros aliosque variis modis atque numeris ex tempore, id. de Or. 3, 50, 194; cf.: grave plenumque carmen, id. Tusc. 1, 26, 64: tam bonos septenarios ad tibiam, id. ib. 1, 44, 107: physicorum oracula, id. N. D. 1, 26, 66: has ore loquelas, Verg. A. 5, 842: preces pectore ab imo, id. ib. 6, 55; so, preces, id. ib. 5, 234; Hor. Epod. 17, 53: mera mendacia, Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 33: jam tu verba fundis hic, sapientia? you waste, Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 7: opprobria rustica, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 146: iras inanes, Val. Fl. 3, 697: vehemens et liquidus puroque simillimus amni Fundet opes, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 121: preces, App. M. 11, p. 258, 4; Tac. A. 14, 30; Aug. in Psa. 25, 10 al.—Hence, fūsus, a, um, P. a., spread out, extended, broad, large, copious, diffuse. A. Lit.:
(aër) tum fusus et extenuatus sublime fertur, tum autem concretus in nubes cogitur, Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 101: fusior alvus, i. e. more relaxed (opp. astrictior), Cels. 1, 3 med.: toga (opp. restricta), wide, full, Suet. Aug. 73: Gallorum fusa et candida corpora, full, plump, Liv. 38, 21, 9: campi in omnem partem, extended, Verg. A. 6, 440; cf.: non fusior ulli Terra fuit domino, a broader, larger kingdom, Luc. 4, 670.—B. Trop., copious, diffuse; flowing, free:
genus sermonis non liquidum, non fusum ac profluens, Cic. de Or. 2, 38, 159; cf.: constricta an latius fusa narratio, Quint. 2, 13, 5: materia abundantior atque ultra quam oporteat fusa, id. 2, 4, 7: ut illud, quod ad omnem honestatem pertinet, decorum, quam late fusum sit, appareat, Cic. Off. 1, 28, 98; cf. Quint. 11, 1, 5: (vox) in egressionibus fusa et securae claritatis (opp. contracta), unrestrained, free, id. 11, 3, 64: periodus, id. 9, 4, 128: fusiores liberioresque numeri, id. 130: lingua Graeca prolixior fusiorque quam nostra, Gell. 2, 26, 7: in locis ac descriptionibus fusi ac fluentes, Quint. 9, 4, 138: plenior Aeschines et magis fusus, id. 10, 1, 77: dulcis et candidus et fusus Herodotus (opp. densus et brevis et semper instans sibi Thucydides), id. 10, 1, 73.—Sup. seems not to occur.—Adv.: fūse. * 1. (Acc. to A.) Spread out, extended:
(manus) fusius paulo in diversum resolvitur, Quint. 11, 3, 97.—2. (Acc. to B.) Copiously, at length, diffusely:
quae fuse olim disputabantur ac libere, ea nunc articulatim distincteque dicuntur, Cic. Leg. 1, 13, 36: multa dicere fuse lateque, id. Tusc. 4, 26, 57: fuse lateque dicendi facultas, id. Or. 32, 113: fuse et copiose augere et ornate aliquid (opp. brevia et acuta), id. Fin. 3, 7, 26.—Comp.: haec cum uberius disputantur et fusius (opp. brevius angustiusque concluduntur), Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 20: fusius et ornatius rem exponere, Quint. 4, 2, 128.—Sup. seems not to occur.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
fundō fūdī, fūsus, ere
FV-, to pour, pour out, shed : sanguinem e paterā: liquorem de paterā, H.: vinum inter cornua, O.: vinum super aequora, O.: lacrimas, V.: parumne Fusum est Latini sanguinis? split , H.: sanguinem de regno (i. e. propter regnum), Cu.: ingentibus procellis fusus imber, pouring , L.: fusus labris amnis Inficit (i. e. fusa in labra aqua), V.— To make by melting, cast, found . quaerere, quid fusum durius esset, H.— To pour from, empty, pour : duo carchesia Baccho humi, V.: pateram vaccae inter cornua, V.— To pour forth in abundance, scatter, cast, hurl, spread, extend, diffuse : segetem corbibus in Tiberim, L.: res, quibus ignis excitari potest, Cs.: quas (maculas) incuria fudit, has scattered , H.: in pectora odores, O.: luna se per fenestras, V.: ne (vitis) in omnīs partīs fundatur, spread out : latius incendium, Cu.: fusus propexam in pectore barbam, V.: fusis circum armis, in full armor , V.— To bring forth, bear, produce abundantly, yield richly : flores: quem Maia fudit, bore , V.: te beluam ex utero.— To throw down, cast to the ground, prostrate : (hostes) de iugis funduntur, L.: septem Corpora (cervorum) humi, V.: puero fuso, O.— To overthrow, overcome, rout, vanquish, put to flight : hostīs: Gallos a delubris vestris, L.: Latini ad Veserim fusi: quattuor exercitūs, L.: omnibus hostium copiis fusis, Cs.— Fig., to pour out, pour forth, give up, waste, lose : verba, T.: vitam cum sanguine, V.: opes, H.— To spread, extend, display : se latius fundet orator, will display himself : superstitio fusa per gentīs. —Of speech, to pour forth, utter : inanīs sonos: verba poëtarum more: carmen: ore loquelas, V.: vocem extremam cum sanguine, V.: preces, Ta.
fundō āvī, ātus, āre
fundus, to lay the bottom, make a foundation, found, begin : puppis fundata carinā, O.: sedes Fundatur Veneri, is founded , V.: dente tenaci Ancora fundabat navīs, fastened , V.—Fig., to found, establish, fix, confirm : imperium: res p. praeclare fundata: legibus urbem, V.: suas opes, Cu.: nitidis fundata pecunia villis, well laid out , H.
Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*ǵʰew-
- Proto-Indo-European*ǵʰewd-
- Proto-Indo-European*ǵʰunédti
- Proto-Italic*hundō
- Latinfundō
From Proto-Italic *hundō, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰu-né-d-ti ~ *ǵʰu-n-d-énti, nasal infix present of the root *ǵʰew-d- (“to pour”), extended from *ǵʰew-. The change from Proto-Italic *h- to Latin f- is unique to this word; Weiss takes it as regular before *-u-. The perfect form fūdī is potentially the continuation of a PIE root aorist *ǵʰéwd-t ~ *ǵʰud-ént. The perfect participle fūsus could continue an earlier participle *ǵʰud-tós. Cognates include Ancient Greek χέω (khéō) and Gothic 𐌲𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽 (giutan).
Descendants
- Catalanfondre
- Englishfound
- Englishfuse
- Italianfondere
- Frenchfondrefrom Old French fondre
- Spanishhundirfrom Old Spanish fundir
- Spanishfundirfrom Old Spanish fundir
- Sardinianfundere
- Portuguesefundir
- Friulianfondi