verbthird conjugation
circumfundō
circumfundō (present infinitive circumfundere, perfect active circumfūdī, supine circumfūsum)
Classical[kɪr.kũːˈfʊn.doː]Ecclesiastical[t͡ʃir.kumˈfun.do]
Meaning
- to pour out or round; to surround with liquid
- to crowd around
- to overwhelm
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
undique circumdōcircumfundō -ere, -fūsus — in IVLIANVS II: Imperium, ch. 5
Conjugation conjugation 3
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | circumfundō | circumfundēbam | circumfundam | circumfūdī | circumfūderam | circumfūderō |
| 2nd sg. | circumfundis | circumfundēbās | circumfundēs | circumfūdistī | circumfūderās | circumfūderis |
| 3rd sg. | circumfundit | circumfundēbat | circumfundet | circumfūdit | circumfūderat | circumfūderit |
| 1st pl. | circumfundimus | circumfundēbāmus | circumfundēmus | circumfūdimus | circumfūderāmus | circumfūderimus |
| 2nd pl. | circumfunditis | circumfundēbātis | circumfundētis | circumfūdistis | circumfūderātis | circumfūderitis |
| 3rd pl. | circumfundunt | circumfundēbant | circumfundent | circumfūdērunt circumfūdēre | circumfūderant | circumfūderint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | circumfundam | circumfunderem | circumfūderim | circumfūdissem |
| 2nd sg. | circumfundās | circumfunderēs | circumfūderīs | circumfūdissēs |
| 3rd sg. | circumfundat | circumfunderet | circumfūderit | circumfūdisset |
| 1st pl. | circumfundāmus | circumfunderēmus | circumfūderīmus | circumfūdissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | circumfundātis | circumfunderētis | circumfūderītis | circumfūdissētis |
| 3rd pl. | circumfundant | circumfunderent | circumfūderint | circumfūdissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | circumfundor | circumfundēbar | circumfundar |
| 2nd sg. | circumfunderis circumfundere | circumfundēbāris circumfundēbāre | circumfundēris circumfundēre |
| 3rd sg. | circumfunditur | circumfundēbātur | circumfundētur |
| 1st pl. | circumfundimur | circumfundēbāmur | circumfundēmur |
| 2nd pl. | circumfundiminī | circumfundēbāminī | circumfundēminī |
| 3rd pl. | circumfunduntur | circumfundēbantur | circumfundentur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | circumfundar | circumfunderer |
| 2nd sg. | circumfundāris circumfundāre | circumfunderēris circumfunderēre |
| 3rd sg. | circumfundātur | circumfunderētur |
| 1st pl. | circumfundāmur | circumfunderēmur |
| 2nd pl. | circumfundāminī | circumfunderēminī |
| 3rd pl. | circumfundantur | circumfunderentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | circumfunde | circumfundere |
| pres. 2nd pl. | circumfundite | circumfundiminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | circumfunditō | circumfunditor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | circumfunditō | circumfunditor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | circumfunditōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | circumfunduntō | circumfunduntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | circumfundere | circumfundī |
| perfect infinitive | circumfūdisse | circumfūsum esse |
| future infinitive | circumfūsūrum esse | circumfūsum īrī |
| present participle | circumfundēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | circumfūsus circumfūsa, circumfūsā, circumfūsae, circumfūsam, circumfūsārum, circumfūsās, circumfūse, circumfūsī, circumfūsīs, circumfūsō, circumfūsōrum, circumfūsōs |
| future participle | circumfūsūrus circumfūsūra, circumfūsūrā, circumfūsūrae, circumfūsūram, circumfūsūrārum, circumfūsūrās, circumfūsūre, circumfūsūrī, circumfūsūrīs, circumfūsūrō, circumfūsūrōrum, circumfūsūrōs, circumfūsūrum | circumfundendus circumfundundus, circumfundenda, circumfundendā, circumfundendae, circumfundendam, circumfundendārum, circumfundendās, circumfundende, circumfundendīs, circumfundendōrum, circumfundendōs |
gerundcircumfundendī, circumfundendō, circumfundendumsupinecircumfūsum, circumfūsū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- multitudo circumfunditur alicui
- a crowd throngs around some one.
- aer terrae circumiectus or circumfusus
- the atmosphere.
circum-fundo, fūdi, fūsum, 3, v. a., lit.
I. to pour out around, i.e. as in circumdo, either with the acc. of that which is poured, to pour around; or, with the acc. of that around which something is poured, to surround with a liquid (class. in prose and poetry).
I. Lit.
A. With acc. of the liquid poured (with or without dat. of the object around which):
amurcam ad oleam circumfundito, Cato, R. R. 93: Tigris urbi circumfunditur, surrounds, flows round the town, Plin. 6, 27, 31, § 132.— More freq. in part. perf. pass.: mare circumfusum urbi, the sea flowing around the town, Liv. 30, 9, 12: gens circumfusis invia fluminibus, Ov. F. 5, 582: circumfusus nobis spiritus, Quint. 12, 11, 13: nec circumfuso pendebat in aëre tellus, circumambient, Ov. M. 1, 12; imitated by Tib. 4, 1, 151.— Reflex.: circumfudit se repente nubes, Lact. 4, 21, 1.—Once mid.: cum fervet (lac), ne circumfundatur, etc., pour itself out around, i. e. run over, Plin. 28, 9, 33, § 126; cf.: circumfusa nubes, Verg. A. 1, 586.—B. With acc. of the object around which, etc., with or without abl. of the fluid:
(mortuum) cerā circumfuderunt, Nep. Ages. 8, 7: terram crassissimus circumfundit aër, encompasses, envelops, Cic. N. D. 2, 6, 17: terra circumfusa illo mari, quem oceanum appellatis, id. Rep. 6, 20, 21: et multo nebulae circum dea fudit amictu (tmesis), Verg. A. 1, 412: quas circumfuderat atra tempestas, Sil. 7, 723.—II. Transf. to objects that do not flow, esp. if there is a great multitude, as it were, heaped upon a thing.
A. (Acc. to I. 1.) Mid., to press upon, crowd around, embrace closely, cling to (freq. in the histt.):
circumfunduntur ex reliquis hostes partibus, Caes. B. G. 6, 37; 7, 28; id. B. C. 3. 63: equites infestis cuspidibus circumfunduntur, Liv. 10, 36, 9; 25, 34, 9; 27, 19, 3; 44, 23, 8: (Nymphae) circumfusae Dianam Corporibus texere suis, surrounding, Ov. M. 3, 180: multitudo circumfusa, Caes. B. G. 6, 34; Liv. 2, 28, 6; 4, 46, 6; Curt. 8, 14, 31; Quint. 4, 2, 37.—With the dat. of that upon which a multitude presses: circumfundebantur obviis sciscitantes, Liv. 22, 7, 11; 22, 14, 15; 26, 27, 10; 29, 34, 14 al.: circumfusa turba lateri meo, id. 6, 15, 9: ut lateribus circumfundi posset equitatus. Curt. 3, 9, 12. —With acc. (depending on circum): Pacidiussuos equites exporrigere coepit... uthaberent facultatem turmas Julianas circumfundi, to surround, encompass them, Auct. B. Afr. 78 Oud. N. cr.—Poet. also of a single person: et nunc hac juveni, nunc circumfunditur illac, i. e. clings to, or closely embraces him, Ov. M. 4, 360; 14, 354; cf. with acc.: hunc (sc. Mavortem), tu, diva, tuo recubantem corpore sancto circumfusa super, Lucr. 1, 40.—(b). So once in the active voice, absol.:
circumfudit eques, Tac. A. 3, 46.—2. Trop.:
undique circumfusae molestiae, Cic. Tusc. 5, 41, 121: non est tantum ab hostibus aetati nostrae periculum, quantum ab circumfusis undique voluptatibus, Liv 30, 14, 6: circumfuso nitore, Quint. 4, 1, 59.—B. (Acc. to I. 2.) To enclose, environ, surround, overwhelm:
circumfusus publicorum praesidiorum copiis, Cic. Mil. 26, 71: praefectum castrorum circumfundunt, Tac. A. 12, 38; so id. H. 2, 19; 4, 20; id. A. 13, 40; Plin. 5, 12, 13, § 67; Sil. 7, 306: circumfusus hostium concursu, Nep. Chabr. 4, 2: M. Catonem vidi in bibliothecā sedentem, multis circumfusum Stoicorum libris, Cic. Fin. 3, 2, 7; Quint. 9, 4, 91, Curt. 3, 11, 4: amplexibus alicujus, Vell. 2, 123, 3: X. milia Bojorum alio latere quam exspectabatur missis legionibus circumfudit, Front. 1, 2, 7.—2. Trop.:
cum has terras incolentes circumfusi erant caligine, Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 45: latent ista omnia crassis occultata et circumfusa tenebris, id. Ac. 2, 39, 122: ut, quantā luce ea circumfusa sunt, possint agnoscere, id. ib. 2, 15, 46: eos stultitiā obruit, tenebris circumfundit, Lact. 3, 29, 14: circumfundit, aliquem multo splendore, Sen. Tranq. 1, 9.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
circum-fundō fūdī, fūsus, ere,
to pour around: mare circumfusum urbi, flowing around, L.: gens circumfusis invia fluminibus, O.: circumfuso in aere, circumambient, O.: circumfusa nubes, V.— To surround, encompass, cover, envelop: terram circumfundit aër: (mortuum) cerā, N.: terra circumfusa mari, encompassed by.—In tmesis: circum dea fudit amictu, V.—Pass. or reflex., of a throng, to press, crowd around, throng, surround, cling: a tergo se, L.: circumfunduntur hostes, Cs.: equites ab lateribus circumfusi, L.: hostes undique circumfusi erant, S.: (Nymphae) circumfusae Dianam Corporibus texere suis, surrounding, O.: circumfusa turba lateri meo, L.: circumfundit eques (sc. se), Ta. — Poet.: iuveni circumfunditur, i. e. clings to him, O.—Fig.: undique circumfusae molestiae: periculum, ab circumfusis undique voluptatibus, L. — To enclose, environ, surround, overwhelm: circumfusus praesidiorum copiis: circumfusus hostium concursu, N. — Fig.: circumfusi caligine.
Origins
Ancient Greek κίρκος (kírkos)bor. Latin circus Latin circum Latin circum- Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰewd- Proto-Indo-European *-né- Proto-Indo-European *-ti Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰunédti Proto-Italic *hundō Latin fundō Latin circumfundō From circum- + fundō.
Descendants
- Italiancirconfondere