verbthird conjugation
effundō
effundō (present infinitive effundere, perfect active effūdī, supine effūsum)
Classical[ɛfˈfʊn.doː]Ecclesiastical[efˈfun.do]
№ 719 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- to pour out, shed, spread abroad, drain off
Eheu! Ego aquam effundo.
Alas! I pour out the water. - to pour, drive, cast or send out, shower, discharge
- to give oneself up to, yield to, indulge in
- to lavish, squander, expend, waste, run through
- to cast away, give up, let go, dismiss, resign
- to relax, loosen, slacken, let go
- to be scattered, dispersed
- to unbind, unlink, release
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
forās iaciō vel cadere sinō; vir ē currū effūsus per āera volat.effundō -ere -fūdī — in Mille Verba, Circus Maximus
multitūdine prōfluōeffundor -ī, -fūsus — in IVLIANVS II: Imperium, ch. 14
forās fundō, spargōeffundō -ere — in Evangelium secundum Marcum, ch. 4, 20
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Fluere · Manare · Liquere
Fluere (φλύω) denotes flowing, with reference to the motion of the fluid; manare (from μανός, or madere,) with reference to the imparting of the fluid; and liquere, with reference to the nature of the fluid. The cause of the fluendi is, that the fluid has no dam, and according to the law of gravity flows on; whereas the cause of the manandi is the over-fulness of the spring; lastly, liquere, to be fluid, is the negative state of fluere and manare. Hence fluere, with its synonyme labi, is more opposed to hærere and stare; and moreover labari, with its synonyme effundi, more opposed to contineri, claudi; lastly, liquere, with its synonyme dissolvi, more opposed to concrevisse, rigere. Gell. xvii. 11. Plato potum dixit defluere ad pulmonem, eoque satis humectato, demanare per eum, quia sit rimosior, et confluere inde in vesicam. (ii. 1.)
Conjugation conjugation 3
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | effundō | effundēbam | effundam | effūdī | effūderam | effūderō |
| 2nd sg. | effundis | effundēbās | effundēs | effūdistī | effūderās | effūderis |
| 3rd sg. | effundit | effundēbat | effundet | effūdit | effūderat | effūderit |
| 1st pl. | effundimus | effundēbāmus | effundēmus | effūdimus | effūderāmus | effūderimus |
| 2nd pl. | effunditis | effundēbātis | effundētis | effūdistis | effūderātis | effūderitis |
| 3rd pl. | effundunt | effundēbant | effundent | effūdērunt effūdēre | effūderant | effūderint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | effundam | effunderem | effūderim | effūdissem |
| 2nd sg. | effundās | effunderēs | effūderīs | effūdissēs |
| 3rd sg. | effundat | effunderet | effūderit | effūdisset |
| 1st pl. | effundāmus | effunderēmus | effūderīmus | effūdissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | effundātis | effunderētis | effūderītis | effūdissētis |
| 3rd pl. | effundant | effunderent | effūderint | effūdissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | effundor | effundēbar | effundar |
| 2nd sg. | effunderis effundere | effundēbāris effundēbāre | effundēris effundēre |
| 3rd sg. | effunditur | effundēbātur | effundētur |
| 1st pl. | effundimur | effundēbāmur | effundēmur |
| 2nd pl. | effundiminī | effundēbāminī | effundēminī |
| 3rd pl. | effunduntur | effundēbantur | effundentur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | effundar | effunderer |
| 2nd sg. | effundāris effundāre | effunderēris effunderēre |
| 3rd sg. | effundātur | effunderētur |
| 1st pl. | effundāmur | effunderēmur |
| 2nd pl. | effundāminī | effunderēminī |
| 3rd pl. | effundantur | effunderentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | effunde | effundere |
| pres. 2nd pl. | effundite | effundiminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | effunditō | effunditor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | effunditō | effunditor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | effunditōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | effunduntō | effunduntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | effundere | effundī |
| perfect infinitive | effūdisse | effūsum esse |
| future infinitive | effūsūrum esse | effūsum īrī |
| present participle | effundēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | effūsus effūsa, effūsā, effūsae, effūsam, effūsārum, effūsās, effūse, effūsī, effūsīs, effūsō, effūsōrum, effūsōs |
| future participle | effūsūrus effūsūra, effūsūrā, effūsūrae, effūsūram, effūsūrārum, effūsūrās, effūsūre, effūsūrī, effūsūrīs, effūsūrō, effūsūrōrum, effūsūrōs, effūsūrum | effundendus effundundus, effundenda, effundendā, effundendae, effundendam, effundendārum, effundendās, effundende, effundendīs, effundendōrum, effundendōs |
gerundeffundendī, effundendō, effundendumsupineeffūsum, effūsū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- effusa laetitia
- a transport of joy.
- in luxuriam effundi
- to plunge into excesses, a career of excess.
- imbres repente effusi
- a sudden shower.
- iram in aliquem effundere
- to vent one's anger, spite on some one.
- dolorem in lacrimas effundere
- to find relief in tears.
- flumen super ripas effunditur
- the river is over its banks, is in flood.
- freno remisso; effusis habenis
- with loose reins.
- fuga effusa, praeceps (Liv. 30. 5)
- headlong flight.
6 more phrases
- in lacrimas effundi or lacrimis perfundi
- to be bathed in tears.
- effundere, profundere pecuniam, patrimonium
- to squander one's money, one's patrimony.
- lacrimas, vim lacrimarum effundere, profundere
- to burst into a flood of tears.
- sanguinem suum pro patria effundere or profundere
- to shed one's blood for one's fatherland.
- virus acerbitatis suae effundere in aliquem (De Amic. 23. 87)
- to vent one's anger, spite on some one.
- sumptus effusi (vid. sect. IX. 2, note Cf. effusa fuga...) or profusi
- prodigal expenditure.
ef-fundo (or ecf-), fūdi, fūsum, 3, v. a.,
I. to pour out, pour forth, shed, spread abroad (class.; esp. freq. in the transf. and trop. signif.).
I. Lit.:
vinum in barathrum (i. e. ventrem), Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 28; cf. Cic. Pis. 10: aquam oblatam in galea, Front. Strat. 1, 7, 7: humorem, Cels. 7, 15: lacrimas, Lucr. 1, 126; Cic. Planc. 42, 101: imbrem (procella), Curt. 8, 13: se in oceanum (Ganges), Plin. 2, 108, 112, § 243: Sangarius flumen in Propontidem se effundit, Liv. 38, 18, 18; cf. pass. in mid. force: mare neque redundat umquam neque effunditur, Cic. N. D. 2, 45, 116; v. also under P. a.—B. Transf., of non-liquid bodies.
1. In gen., to pour out, pour forth, drive out, cast out, send out (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose;
a favorite word of Vergil): saccos nummorum, Hor. S. 2, 3, 149: frumentum in flumen, Dig. 9, 2, 27, § 19: ei oculus effunditur, is knocked out, put out, ib. 19, 2, 13, § 4: tela, i. e. to shoot in great numbers, Verg. A. 9, 509; Liv. 27, 18: auxilium castris apertis, to send forth, Verg. A. 7, 522: equus consulem lapsum super caput effudit, threw, Liv. 22, 3, 11; so id. 10, 11; 27, 32; Plin. 8, 42, 65, § 160; Curt. 8, 14, 34; Verg. A. 10, 574; 893; cf. Val. Fl. 8, 358: (quae via) Excutiat Teucros vallo atque effundat in aequum, Verg. A. 9, 68: sub altis portis, id. ib. 11, 485; cf.: aliquem solo, id. ib. 12, 532: caput in gremium, Cels. 7, 7, 4. —Poet.: carmina molli numero fluere, ut per leve severos Effundat junctura ungues, i. e. lets it slip over smoothly, Pers. 1, 65.— 2. In partic.
a. With se, or mid. of persons, to pour out in a multitude, to rush out, spread abroad (a favorite expression with the historians):
omnis sese multitudo ad cognoscendum effudit (sc. ex urbe), Caes. B. C. 2, 7, 3; so, se, id. ib. 2, 7, 3; Liv. 26, 19; 34, 8; 33, 12, 10; 35, 39, 5; Val. Max. 7, 6, 6; Vell. 2, 112, 4; Suet. Calig. 4 fin.; id. Caes. 44 et saep. (but not in Caes. B. G. 5, 19, 2, where the better reading is: se ejecerat, v. Schneider ad h. l.): omnibus portis effunduntur, Liv. 38, 6; so mid., Tac. A. 1, 23; Liv. 40, 40, 10; and esp. freq. in the part. effusus, Sall. J. 55, 4; 69, 2; Liv. 1, 14; 9, 31; Tac. A. 4, 25 fin.; 12, 31; 15, 23; Verg. A. 6, 305 et saep.—Ellips. of se: ubi se arctat (mare) Hellespontus vocatur; Propontis, ubi expandit; ubi iterum pressit, Thracius Bosporus; ubi iterum effundit, Pontus Euxinus, spreads out, widens, Mel. 1, 1, 5.— b. With the accessory notion of producing, to bring forth, produce abundantly:
non solum fruges verum herbas etiam effundunt, Cic. Or. 15, 48; cf.: fruges (auctumnus), Hor. C. 4, 7, 11: copiam, Cic. Brut. 9, 36.—c. Of property, to pour out, i. e. to lavish, squander, waste, run through:
patrimonium per luxuriam effundere atque consumere, Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 6; so, patrimonium, id. Phil. 3, 2: aerarium, id. Agr. 1, 5, 15; id. Tusc. 3, 20, 48: sumptus, id. Rosc. Am. 24, 68: opes, Plin. 7, 25, 26, § 94: omnes fortunas, Tac. A. 14, 31: reditus publicos non in classem exercitusque, sed in dies festos, Just. 6, 9, 3; and absol.: effundite, emite, etc., Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 34.II. Trop.
A. In gen.:
effudi vobis omnia, quae sentiebam, i. e. have freely imparted, Cic. de Or. 1, 34 fin.; cf. id. Att. 16, 7, 5; id. Fl. 17, 41; Quint. 2, 2, 10; 10, 3, 17; Val. Fl. 7, 434: procellam eloquentiae, Quint. 11, 3, 158: totos affectus, id. 4, 1, 28: tales voces, Verg. A. 5, 723: questus, id. ib. 5, 780: carmina, Ov. H. 12, 139 al.: vox in coronam turbamque effunditur, Cic. Fl. 28 fin.; cf.: questus in aëra, Ov. M. 9, 370: omnem suum vinulentum furorem in me, Cic. Fam. 12, 25, 4: iram in aliquem, Liv. 39, 34: omne odium in auxilii praesentis spem, id. 31, 44, 2: indignationem, Vulg. Ezech. 20, 8 et saep.—B. In partic. (acc. to I. B. 2. a. and c.).
1. With se, or mid., to give one's self up to, to give loose to, yield to, indulge in:
qui se in aliqua libidine effuderit, Cic. Par. 3, 1, 21: se in omnes libidines, Tac. A. 14, 13: (Pompeius) in nos suavissime hercule effusus, has treated me with the most flattering confidence, Cic. Att. 4, 9; more freq., mid.: in tantam licentiam socordiamque, Liv. 25, 20, 6: in venerem, id. 29, 23, 4: in amorem, Tac. A. 1, 54; Curt. 8, 4, 25: in laetitiam, Just. 12, 3, 7; Curt. 5, 1, 37: in jocos, Suet. Aug. 98: in cachinnos, id. Calig. 32: in questus, lacrimas, vota, Tac. A. 1, 11: in lacrimas, id. ib. 3, 23; 4, 8; id. H. 2, 45; for which, lacrimis, Verg. A. 2, 651; cf.: ad preces lacrimasque, Liv. 44, 31 fin.: ad luxuriam, id. 34, 6: terra effunditur in herbas, Plin. 17, 8, 4, § 48; cf.: quorum stomachus in vomitiones effunditur, id. 23, 1, 23, § 43.—2. To cast away, give up, let go, dismiss, resign:
collectam gratiam florentissimi hominis, Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1: odium, id. ib. 1, 9, 20: vires, Liv. 10, 28; Ov. M. 12, 107: curam sui, Sen. Ira, 2, 35: verecundiam, id. Ep. 11: animam, Verg. A. 1, 98; cf. vitam, Ov. H. 7, 181; Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 1, 9; cf. id. ib. 1, 11, 25: spiritum, Tac. A. 2, 70.—3. To relax, loosen, slacken, let go:
manibus omnis effundit habenas, Verg. A. 5, 818: sive gradum seu frena effunderet, Stat. Th. 9, 182: irarum effundit habenas, Verg. A. 12, 499.—Hence, effūsus, a, um, P. a. I. (Effundo, I. B. 1.) Poured out, cast out; hence, plur. as subst.: effusa, ōrum, n., the urine:
reliquias et effusa intueri, Sen. Const. Sap. 13, 1.—II. (Effundo, I. B. 2.) Spread out, extensive, vast, broad, wide (not freq. till after the Aug. per.).— Lit.
1. In gen.:
effusumque corpus, Lucr. 3, 113; cf.: late mare, Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 26: loca, Tac. G. 30: effusissimus Hadriatici maris sinus, Vell. 2, 43: incendium, Liv. 30, 5; cf. caedes, id. 42, 65: cursus, id. 2, 50; Plin. 9, 33, 52, § 102: membra, i. e. full, plump, Stat. Th. 6, 841.—2. Esp., relaxed, slackened, loosened, dishevelled:
habenis, Front. Strat. 2, 5, 31; cf.: quam posset effusissimis habenis, Liv. 37, 20: comae, Ov. H. 7, 70; id. Am. 1, 9, 38 et saep.; cf. also transf.: (nymphae) caesariem effusae nitidam per candida colla, Verg. G. 4, 337.—3. Of soldiers or a throng of people, etc., straggling, disorderly, scattered, dispersed:
effusum agmen ducit, Liv. 21, 25, 8: aciem, Luc. 4, 743: huc omnis turba effusa ruebat, Verg. A. 6, 305: sine armis effusi in armatos incidere hostis, Liv. 30, 5, 8.—III. Trop.
1. Profuse, prodigal, lavish:
quis in largitione effusior? Cic. Cael. 6, 13: munificentiae effusissimus, Vell. 2, 41.—2. Extravagant, immoderate:
licentia, Liv. 44, 1; cf. laetitia, id. 35, 43 fin.: cursus, Plin. Ep. 6, 20, 11 et saep.—Comp.: cultus in verbis, Quint. 3, 8, 58.—Sup.: laudationes, Petr. 48, 7: studium, Suet. Ner. 40.— Adv.: effūse. 1. (Acc. to I.) Far spread, far and wide, widely.
a. In gen.:
ire, Sall. J. 105, 3; cf. fugere, Liv. 3, 22; 40, 48: persequi, id. 43, 23; Curt. 9, 8: vastare, Liv. 1, 10; 44, 30; cf.: effusius praedari, id. 34, 16 et saep.: spatium annale effuse interpretari. in a wide sense, Cod. Just. 7, 40, 1. —b. Esp., profusely, lavishly:
large effuseque donare, Cic. Rosc. Am. 8 fin.; cf. vivere, id. Cael. 16 fin.: liberalem esse, Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 71: affluant opes, Liv. 3, 26. —In the comp., Tac. A. 4, 62.—2. (Acc. to II.) Extravagantly, immoderately:
cum inaniter et effuse animus exsultat, Cic. Tusc. 4, 6, 13: amare, Plin. Ep. 6, 26, 2.— Comp.: dicere, Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 20: fovere, id. ib. 7, 24, 4: excipere, Suet. Ner. 22: favere, Tac. H. 1, 19.—Sup.: diligere, Plin. Ep. 7, 30, 1; id. Pan. 84, 4.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
effundō (ecf-) fūdī, fūsus, ere
ex + fundo, to pour out, pour forth, shed, spread abroad : lacrimas: fletūs, V.: pro re p. sanguinem: flumen in Propontidem se effundit, L.: Nos effusi lacrimis, V.— To pour out, pour forth, drive out, cast out, send forth : telorum vis ingens effusa est, L.: Ascanio auxilium castris apertis, for Ascanius , V. — To hurl headlong, throw down, prostrate : equus consulem effudit, L.: effusus eques, V.: ipsum portis sub altis, V.—Of a multitude, to pour out, spread abroad : sese multitudo ad cognoscendum effudit (sc. ex urbe), thronged , Cs.: omnibus portis ad opem ferendam effundi, L.: effuso exercitu, scattered , S.: quae via Teucros effundat in aequum, i. e. by what way can they be forced , V.— To bring forth, produce abundantly : herbas: Auctumnus fruges effuderit, H.— To lavish, squander, waste : patrimonium per luxuriam: sumptūs: Effusus labor, wasted , V. — To empty, exhaust, discharge : mare neque effunditur: carcerem in forum: saccos nummorum, H. — Fig., to pour out, express freely, expend, vent, exhaust : vobis omnia, quae sentiebam: talīs voces, V.: carmina, O.: vox in turbam effunditur: questūs in aëra, O.: furorem in alqm: omne odium in auxili spem, L.: quarrtumcumque virium habuit, L.: virīs in uno, O.— To give up, let go, abandon, resign : gratiam hominis: animam, V.: manibus omnīs effundit habenas, V.—With se, to abandon oneself, give up, yield, indulge : se in aliquā libidine. — P. pass., abandoned, given up : milites in licentiam effusi, L.: in nos suavissime effusus (Pompeius), without reserve : in adulationem, Ta.
Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*h₁éǵʰs
- Proto-Italic*eks
- Latineffundō
Latin ex- Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰewd- Proto-Indo-European *-né- Proto-Indo-European *-ti Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰunédti Proto-Italic *hundō Latin fundō Latin effundō From ex- (“out of”) + fundō (“pour”).
Descendants
- Englisheffund
- Englisheffuse
- Italianeffondere
- Portugueseefundir
- Spanishefundir
- Sicilianffùnniri