occidō1
Meaning
- intransitiveto fall down
- intransitiveto go down, set
Sōlēs occidere et redīre possunt: nōbīs cum semel occidit brevis lūx,
Suns are able to set and to return: for us, when the brief light sets once and for all, there is one perpetual night to sleep.c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 5.4–6 - intransitiveto perish, die, pass away
- intransitiveto be lost, undone or ruined
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
mortem dō; ferrō occīdere.necō, morte afficiōcadō, pereōChoosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Interficere · Perimere · Interimere · Necare · Occidere · Jugulare · Obtruncare · Trucidare · Percutere
Interficere and perimere are the most general expressions for putting to death, in whatever manner, and from whatever motive, fame, veneno, suspendio, ferro, suppliciis, dolo, like κτείνειν; but interficere as a usual, perimere as an old, forcible, poetical expression. Interimere involves the accessory notion of privacy, as to remove out of the way; ἀναιρεῖν; necare, that of injustice, or, at least, cruelty, to murder, φονεύειν. Cic. Tusc. v. 20. Dionysius alterum jussit interfici, quia viam demonstravisset interimendi sui. Curt. ix. 7, 8. Boxum protinus placuit interfici; Biconem etiam per cruciatus necari. 2. Occidere, jugulare, trucidare, obtruncare, percutere, denote a sanguinary death-blow; occidere means by cutting down, especially the business of the soldier in honorable open battle; jugulare, by cutting the throat or neck, or rather by a skilfully-directed thrust into the collar-bone, especially the business of the bandit, after the pattern of the gladiator, like σφᾶξαι; obtruncare means to butcher, massacre, and cut to pieces, after the manner of the awkward murderer; trucidare, to slaughter as one would a steer, after the manner of the blood-thirsty miscreant, who, without meeting with resistance, plays the hero on the defenceless; percutere, to execute, as a mere mechanical act, after the manner of the headsman, or other executioner of a sentence of condemnation, or, at least, of a death-warrant. Senec. Contr. iii. 21. Nec dominum occidit, nec domino venenum dedit. Hor. Ep. i. 2. Ut jugulent hominem, surgunt de nocte latrones. Sallust. Fr. Cæteri vice pecorum obtruncantur; so that you may see a mangled mass of limbs, as in the heap of slain in a battle. Tac. Hist. . . . Juberet interfici; offerre se corpora iræ; trucidaret. Cic. Cat. iv. 6. and Rosc. Am. 34. Cujus consilio occisus sit invenio; cujus manu percussus sit non invenio. (iii. 181.)
Conjugation conjugation 3
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | occidō | occidēbam | occidam | occidī | occideram | occiderō |
| 2nd sg. | occidis | occidēbās | occidēs | occidistī | occiderās | occideris |
| 3rd sg. | occidit | occidēbat | occidet | occidit | occiderat | occiderit |
| 1st pl. | occidimus | occidēbāmus | occidēmus | occidimus | occiderāmus | occiderimus |
| 2nd pl. | occiditis | occidēbātis | occidētis | occidistis | occiderātis | occideritis |
| 3rd pl. | occidunt | occidēbant | occident | occidērunt occidēre | occiderant | occiderint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | occidam | occiderem | occiderim | occidissem |
| 2nd sg. | occidās | occiderēs | occiderīs | occidissēs |
| 3rd sg. | occidat | occideret | occiderit | occidisset |
| 1st pl. | occidāmus | occiderēmus | occiderīmus | occidissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | occidātis | occiderētis | occiderītis | occidissētis |
| 3rd pl. | occidant | occiderent | occiderint | occidissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | occīdor | occīdēbar | occīdar |
| 2nd sg. | — | occīdēbāre occīdēbāris | — |
| 3rd sg. | occīditur | occīdēbātur | occīdētur |
| 1st pl. | occīdimur | occīdēbāmur | occīdēmur |
| 2nd pl. | — | occīdēbāminī | occīdēminī |
| 3rd pl. | occīduntur | occīdēbantur | occīdentur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | occīdar | occīderer |
| 2nd sg. | occīdāre occīdāris | occīderēre occīderēris |
| 3rd sg. | occīdātur | occīderētur |
| 1st pl. | occīdāmur | occīderēmur |
| 2nd pl. | occīdāminī | occīderēminī |
| 3rd pl. | occīdantur | occīderentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | occide | — |
| pres. 2nd pl. | occidite | — |
| fut. 2nd sg. | occiditō | occīditor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | occiditō | occīditor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | occiditōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | occiduntō | occīduntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | occidere | — |
| perfect infinitive | occidisse | — |
| future infinitive | occāsūrum esse | — |
| present participle | occidēns occidente, occīdente, occidentem, occīdentem, occidentēs, occīdentēs, occidentī, occīdentī, occidentia, occīdentia, occidentibus, occīdentibus, occidentis, occidentīs, occīdentis, occīdentīs, occidentium, occīdentium | — |
| perfect participle | — | occīsa occīsā, occīsae, occīsam, occīsārum, occīsās, occīse, occīsī, occīsōrum, occīsōs, occīsum, occīsus |
| future participle | occāsūrus occāsūra, occāsūrā, occāsūrae, occāsūram, occāsūrārum, occāsūrās, occāsūre, occāsūrī, occāsūrīs, occāsūrō, occāsūrōrum, occāsūrōs, occāsūrum, occīsūra, occīsūrā, occīsūrae, occīsūram, occīsūrārum, occīsūrās, occīsūre, occīsūrī, occīsūrīs, occīsūrō, occīsūrōrum, occīsūrōs, occīsūrum, occīsūrus | — |
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- vita occidens
- the evening of life.
- sol oritur, occidit
- the sun rises, sets.
- spectare inter occasum solis et septentriones
- to be situate to the north-west.
- hostium copias occidione occīdere (Liv. 2. 51)
- to absolutely annihilate the enemy.
- Germania quae or Germaniae ea pars quae, ad orientem, occidentem vergit
- eastern, western Germany.
- spectare in (vergere ad) orientem (solem), occidentem (solem), ad meridiem, in septentriones
- to lie to the east, west, south, north.
aliquem pugnis, Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 20: occare id est comminuere, ne sit glaeba: quod ita occidunt, occare dictum, to crush, Varr. R. R. 1, 31, 1: occisum ad mortem, wounded to death, Vulg. Apoc. 13, 3.—L. Virginius filiam suā manu occidit, Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 66: ejus copias, id. Phil. 14, 14, 36: ipse pro castris fortissime pugnans occiditur, Caes. B. G. 5, 36: occidione occidere, to completely cut off, destroy; v. occidio: ad unum omnes, to cut off all to the last man, Liv. 3, 23: aliquem veneno, to destroy with poison, Suet. Claud. 44; Just. 3, 2, 1: occisus videtur non tantum qui per vim aut per caedem interfectus est, velut jugulatus ... sed et is qui veneno Necatus dicitur, Paul. Sent. 3, 5, 2 sqq.; cf.: et occidet eum lingua viperae, Vulg. Job, 20, 16: occisa sunt in terrae motu, id. Apoc. 11, 13: dedistine ei gladium qui se occideret? Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 92: cum ipse se conaretur occidere, Cic. ap. Quint. 5, 10, 69; so, se occidere, Curt. 6, 10, 18; Quint. 7, 3, 7; Suet. Vit. 10; Eutr. 1, 8; 6, 24; Lact. 3, 18, 8; cf.: occidit, adversariumne? immo vero aiunt se et eum, quem defendit, Cic. de Or. 2, 74, 302.—not in Cic. or Cæs.): occidis me, cum istuc rogitas, Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 21: aliā occidis fabulā, id. Men. 5, 5, 23: occidis saepe rogando, Hor. Epod. 14, 5: legendo, id. A. P. 475.—occidisti me tuis fallaciis, Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 67.—Hence, oc-cīsus, a, um, P. a., ruined, lost, unfortunate, undone (Plautin.): occisa est haec res, nisi, etc., Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 7.—Sup.: occisissimus sum omnium, qui vivunt, I am the most unfortunate, Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 53.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
Origins
Proto-Indo-European *h₁ep-der. Proto-Indo-European *h₁épsder. Proto-Indo-European *h₁óp(i) Proto-Italic *op Latin ob Latin ob- Proto-Indo-European *ḱad- Proto-Indo-European *-eti Proto-Indo-European *ḱádeti Proto-Italic *kadō Latin cadō Latin occidō From ob- (“towards; facing”) + cadō (“to fall”).