verbthird conjugation
praecīdō
praecīdō (present infinitive praecīdere, perfect active praecīdī, supine praecīsum)
Classical[prae̯ˈkiː.doː]Ecclesiastical[preˈt͡ʃiː.do]
Meaning
- to cut off in front or through; shorten; sever, separate
- to beat to pieces, batter, smash
- to cut off or across, avoid, sail straight
- to cut short, abridge; to be brief; break off or finish abruptly
'Praecide,' inquit, 'statue aliquandō quidlibet!'
'Cut it short,' he says, 'decide something at once!'45 BCE, Cicero, Academica 2.43.133 - to break off, cut off, end, destroy
- to deny flatly, refuse, decline
Numquam reor cuiquam tam humilī, tam sordidō, tam nocentī, tam aliēnō tam praecīsē negāvī quam hic mihi plānē sine ūllā exceptiōne praecīdit. Nihil cognōvī ingrātius; in quō vitiō nihil malī nōn inest. Sed dē hōc nimis multa.
Never do I think I have so absolutely refused someone, no matter how lowly, how dirty, how wicked, how unknown to me as this one denied me plainly without any exception. I have experienced nothing more ungrateful; in which vice nothing of vileness is not. But enough of this.68 BCE – 44 BCE, Cicero, Epistulae ad Atticum 8.4.2
Conjugation conjugation 3
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | praecīdō | praecīdēbam | praecīdam | praecīdī | praecīderam | praecīderō |
| 2nd sg. | praecīdis | praecīdēbās | praecīdēs | praecīdistī | praecīderās | praecīderis |
| 3rd sg. | praecīdit | praecīdēbat | praecīdet | praecīdit | praecīderat | praecīderit |
| 1st pl. | praecīdimus | praecīdēbāmus | praecīdēmus | praecīdimus | praecīderāmus | praecīderimus |
| 2nd pl. | praecīditis | praecīdēbātis | praecīdētis | praecīdistis | praecīderātis | praecīderitis |
| 3rd pl. | praecīdunt | praecīdēbant | praecīdent | praecīdērunt praecīdēre | praecīderant | praecīderint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | praecīdam | praecīderem | praecīderim | praecīdissem |
| 2nd sg. | praecīdās | praecīderēs | praecīderīs | praecīdissēs |
| 3rd sg. | praecīdat | praecīderet | praecīderit | praecīdisset |
| 1st pl. | praecīdāmus | praecīderēmus | praecīderīmus | praecīdissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | praecīdātis | praecīderētis | praecīderītis | praecīdissētis |
| 3rd pl. | praecīdant | praecīderent | praecīderint | praecīdissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | praecīdor | praecīdēbar | praecīdar |
| 2nd sg. | praecīderis praecīdere | praecīdēbāris praecīdēbāre | praecīdēris praecīdēre |
| 3rd sg. | praecīditur | praecīdēbātur | praecīdētur |
| 1st pl. | praecīdimur | praecīdēbāmur | praecīdēmur |
| 2nd pl. | praecīdiminī | praecīdēbāminī | praecīdēminī |
| 3rd pl. | praecīduntur | praecīdēbantur | praecīdentur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | praecīdar | praecīderer |
| 2nd sg. | praecīdāris praecīdāre | praecīderēris praecīderēre |
| 3rd sg. | praecīdātur | praecīderētur |
| 1st pl. | praecīdāmur | praecīderēmur |
| 2nd pl. | praecīdāminī | praecīderēminī |
| 3rd pl. | praecīdantur | praecīderentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | praecīde | praecīdere |
| pres. 2nd pl. | praecīdite | praecīdiminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | praecīditō | praecīditor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | praecīditō | praecīditor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | praecīditōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | praecīduntō | praecīduntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | praecīdere | praecīdī |
| perfect infinitive | praecīdisse | praecīsum esse |
| future infinitive | praecīsūrum esse | praecīsum īrī |
| present participle | praecīdēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | praecīsus |
| future participle | praecīsūrus praecīsūra, praecīsūrā, praecīsūrae, praecīsūram, praecīsūrārum, praecīsūrās, praecīsūre, praecīsūrī, praecīsūrīs, praecīsūrō, praecīsūrōrum, praecīsūrōs, praecīsūrum | praecīdendus praecīdundus, praecīdenda, praecīdendā, praecīdendae, praecīdendam, praecīdendārum, praecīdendās, praecīdende, praecīdendīs, praecīdendōrum, praecīdendōs |
gerundpraecīdendī, praecīdendō, praecīdendumsupinepraecīsum, praecīsū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- caput praecīdere
- to cut off a man's head.
- ut brevi praecīdam
- in short; to be brief.
- spem praecīdere, incidere (Liv. 2. 15)
- to cut off all hope.
- amicitiam dissuere, dissolvere, praecīdere
- to renounce, give up a friendship.
prae-cīdo (old form praecaedit, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 13, 18), cīdi, cīsum, 3, v. a. caedo,
I. to cut off in front; hence, in gen., to cut off.
I. Lit. (class.); constr. with acc. alone, or with acc. and dat. or gen. of person.
(a). With acc. and dat.:
linguam alicui, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 12: manum alicui gladio, Cic. Inv. 2, 20, 59: aures, nasum et labia alicui, Just. 1, 10, 5.—(b). With acc. and gen.:
collegae sui praecidi caput jussit, Cic. Tusc. 5, 19, 55: quae patrem occiderit, manus ejus praecidantur, Sen. Contr. 9, 27, 8.—(g). With acc.:
manus, Hirt. B. G. 8, 44: caput, Quadrig. ap. Gell. l. l.: capita, Petr. 1: medici membra praecidunt, Quint. 8, 3, 75: capillos, id. ib. 8, 3, 105: ancoras, to cut the cables, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 88: fistulas, quibus aqua suppeditatur, id. Rab. Perd. 11, 31: traducem, Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 211.—B. Transf.
1. To cut through, cut up (class.):
cotem novaculā, Cic. Div. 1, 17, 32: linguam Nicanoris praecisam jussit particulatim avibus dari, Vulg. 2 Macc. 15, 33: naves, to cripple, make unfit for service, Cic. Att. 9, 6, 3.—2. To beat to pieces, to batter, smash (ante-class.):
praecide os tu illi, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 52 (dub.; cf. id. Pers. 2, 4, 12 Ritschl).—3. Praecidere sinum maris, to cut off, avoid, i. e. to sail straight (postAug.), Sen. Ep. 53, 1: medium mare, Auct. Quint. Decl. 12, 22; cf.
iter, Plin. 8, 22, 34, § 83.—II. Trop., to cut off, to take away.
A. Of speech, to cut short, abridge; to cut short one's words, to be brief, break off or finish abruptly:
dum te obtuetur, interim linguam oculi praeciderunt, Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 56: maximam partem defensionis, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 62, § 151: sibi licentiam libertatemque vivendi, id. ib. 2, 3, 1, § 3: sibi reditum, id. Pis. 22, 51: per abscissionem significatio fit, si, cum incipimus aliquid dicere, praecidimus, Auct. Her. 4, 54, 67: brevi praecidam, in a word, in short, briefly, Cic. Sen. 16, 57: praecide, inquit, cut it short, be brief, id. Ac. 2, 43, 133.—B. To break off, cut off, end, destroy; esp. with spem:
si non praeciditur spes plebeio quoque, apiscendi summi honoris, Liv. 4, 3, 7: praecisa consulatūs spes erit, id. 4, 3, 15; 24, 31, 12; 42, 50, 1: id sum assecutus, ut una hora perdito spem judicii corrumpendi praeciderem, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 7, § 20: utrum spem nostram praecidat an differat, Sen. Ira, 3, 28, 4; id. Ben. 2, 5, 1.—Also of friendship, etc.: amicitias repente praecidere, to break off suddenly (opp. sensim dissuere), Cic. Off. 1, 33, 120.—C. To deny flatly, refuse, decline, etc.:
plane sine ullā exceptione praecidit, flatly refused, Cic. Att. 8, 4, 2: cupiebam eum esse nobiscum: quod quia praeciderat, id. ib. 10, 16, 1.—Hence, praecīsus, a, um, P. a. A. Lit., cut or torn off, separated (poet.):
Trinacria Italiā praecisa, Manil. 4, 630.—Subst.: praecī-sum, i, n., a piece of meat cut off, a cutlet, steak (ante-class.), Naev. ap. Non. 151, 2: praeciso capi, Lucil. ib.—2. Transf.
a. Castrated (post-class.):
fanatici, Lampr. Elag. 7: praecisi ac professi impudientiam, Sen. Prov. 5, 3.—b. Broken off, steep, abrupt, precipitous (poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
acuta silex praecisis undique saxis, Verg. A. 8, 233: iter, Sall. J. 92, 7: rupes, Quint. 12, 9, 2.—B. Trop.
1. Shortened, short, brief (post-Aug.):
praecisis conclusionibus obscuri, Quint. 10, 2, 17: comprehensio, id. 7, 3, 15.—2. Troublesome (postclass.):
ut sub obtentu militiae praecisiorem se adversario faceret (al. pretiosiorem), Dig. 49, 16, 4.—Hence, adv.: prae-cīsē. 1. In short, in few words, briefly, concisely (class.):
praecise dicere (opp. plene et perfecte dicere), Cic. N. D. 2, 29, 73.—2. Positively, absolutely (class.):
praecise negare alicui, Cic. Att. 8, 4, 2: non praecise, sed sub condicione, Dig. 36, 3, 1.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
praecīdō cīdī, cīsus, ere
prae+caedo, to cut off in front, cut off : caput praecisum ducis, L.: resistenti manum gladio: collegae sui praecidi caput iussit: ancoras, cut the cables.—To cut through, cut up : cotem novaculā: navīs, disable . —Fig., to cut short, abridge, break off, finish abruptly : maximam partem defensionis: sibi reditum: brevi praecidam, briefly : praecide, inquit, cut it short.—To break off suddenly, cut off, end, destroy : omnīs causas omnibus, T.: praecisa consulatūs spes erit, L.: spem iudici conrumpendi.— To deny flatly, refuse, decline : mihi plane nullā exceptione.
Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*per-
- Proto-Indo-European*preh₂-
- Proto-Indo-European*préh₂i?
- Proto-Italic*prai
- Proto-Italic*prai-
- Latinpraecīdō
Proto-Indo-European *kh₂eyd- Proto-Indo-European *-eti Proto-Indo-European *kh₂éydeti Proto-Italic *kaidō Latin caedō Latin praecīdō From prae- + caedō (“cut; strike”).
Descendants
- Italianprecidere
In English words that came into English from praecīdō
- precisepraecīsus