verbthird conjugation
sūmō
sūmō (present infinitive sūmere, perfect active sūmpsī or surēmī or surēmpsī, supine sūmptum)
Classical[ˈsuː.moː]Ecclesiastical[ˈsuː.mo]
№ 454 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- to take, take up, catch, assume, seize, claim, arrogate
parva mora est, caelum vātēs ac nūmina sūmit
There is a brief pause; the prophetess assumes the divine powers of heaven, and in all her soul she is made full of her deity. (The prophetess is Carmenta.)8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 6.537–538 - to undertake, begin, enter upon
- to exact satisfaction, inflict punishment
- to choose, select
- to obtain, acquire, receive, get, take
- to use, apply, employ, spend, consume
- to adopt; borrow
- to buy, purchase
- to accept, presuppose, establish as a principle
- to fascinate, charm
- to put on
- to take heart
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
manū capiō; pōmum ex mēnsā sūmimus.sūmō -ere sūmpsī — in Mille Verba, Mercātus
capiō, in manum accipiōsūmō -ere — in Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 4
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Sumptus · Impensæ
Sumptus means expense, so far as it diminishes wealth and capital, allied to prodigality; impensæ, so far as it serves to the attainment of an object, allied to sacrifice. (vi. 357.)
Sumere · Capere · Prehendere · Accipere · Excipere · Recipere · Suscipere · Recuperare
1. Sumere (sub-imere) means to take up any thing, in order to use it, like αἱρεῖν; capere (from κάπτειν) to lay hold on any thing, in order to possess it, like λαβεῖν; lastly prehendere, præhendere (from χανδάνειν) to lay hold on any thing, in order, in a mere physical sense, to have it in one’s hand. Cic. Phil. xii. 7. Saga sumpsimus, arma cepimus. 2. Accipere means to take any thing offered, with willingness, δέχεσθαι; excipere, to intercept, or catch any thing that is escaping, ὑποδέχεσθαι; recipere, to take any thing that wants protection, with a generous feeling; suscipere, to undertake, or take upon one’s self any thing burdensome, with self-denial. The accipiens usually takes in his hand; the excipiens, in his arms; the recipiens, in his bosom; the suscipiens, on his arm or back. 3. Recipere means to receive again, without taking pains; whereas recuperare, to regain by one’s own exertion. Liv. xiii. 53, urbem recipit, by merely taking possession; comp. with xxvi. 39, urbe recuperata, by conquest. (iv. 131.)
Conjugation conjugation 3
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | sūmō | sūmēbam | sūmam | sūmpsī surēmī, surēmpsī | sūmpseram surēmeram, surēmpseram | sūmpserō surēmerō, surēmpserō |
| 2nd sg. | sūmis | sūmēbās | sūmēs | sūmpsistī surēmistī, surēmpsistī | sūmpserās surēmerās, surēmpserās | sūmpseris surēmeris, surēmpseris |
| 3rd sg. | sūmit | sūmēbat | sūmet | sūmpsit surēmit, surēmpsit | sūmpserat surēmerat, surēmpserat | sūmpserit surēmerit, surēmpserit |
| 1st pl. | sūmimus | sūmēbāmus | sūmēmus | sūmpsimus surēmimus, surēmpsimus | sūmpserāmus surēmerāmus, surēmpserāmus | sūmpserimus surēmerimus, surēmpserimus |
| 2nd pl. | sūmitis | sūmēbātis | sūmētis | sūmpsistis surēmistis, surēmpsistis | sūmpserātis surēmerātis, surēmpserātis | sūmpseritis surēmeritis, surēmpseritis |
| 3rd pl. | sūmunt | sūmēbant | sūment | sūmpsērunt sūmpsēre, surēmērunt, surēmēre, surēmpsērunt, surēmpsēre | sūmpserant surēmerant, surēmpserant | sūmpserint surēmerint, surēmpserint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | sūmam | sūmerem | sūmpserim surēmerim, surēmpserim | sūmpsissem surēmissem, surēmpsissem |
| 2nd sg. | sūmās | sūmerēs | sūmpserīs surēmerīs, surēmpserīs | sūmpsissēs surēmissēs, surēmpsissēs |
| 3rd sg. | sūmat | sūmeret | sūmpserit surēmerit, surēmpserit | sūmpsisset surēmisset, surēmpsisset |
| 1st pl. | sūmāmus | sūmerēmus | sūmpserīmus surēmerīmus, surēmpserīmus | sūmpsissēmus surēmissēmus, surēmpsissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | sūmātis | sūmerētis | sūmpserītis surēmerītis, surēmpserītis | sūmpsissētis surēmissētis, surēmpsissētis |
| 3rd pl. | sūmant | sūmerent | sūmpserint surēmerint, surēmpserint | sūmpsissent surēmissent, surēmpsissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | sūmor | sūmēbar | sūmar |
| 2nd sg. | sūmeris sūmere | sūmēbāris sūmēbāre | sūmēris sūmēre |
| 3rd sg. | sūmitur | sūmēbātur | sūmētur |
| 1st pl. | sūmimur | sūmēbāmur | sūmēmur |
| 2nd pl. | sūmiminī | sūmēbāminī | sūmēminī |
| 3rd pl. | sūmuntur | sūmēbantur | sūmentur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | sūmar | sūmerer |
| 2nd sg. | sūmāris sūmāre | sūmerēris sūmerēre |
| 3rd sg. | sūmātur | sūmerētur |
| 1st pl. | sūmāmur | sūmerēmur |
| 2nd pl. | sūmāminī | sūmerēminī |
| 3rd pl. | sūmantur | sūmerentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | sūme | sūmere |
| pres. 2nd pl. | sūmite | sūmiminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | sūmitō | sūmitor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | sūmitō | sūmitor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | sūmitōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | sūmuntō | sūmuntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | sūmere | sūmī |
| perfect infinitive | sūmpsisse surēmisse, surēmpsisse | sūmptum esse |
| future infinitive | sūmptūrum esse | sūmptum īrī |
| present participle | sūmēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | sūmptus sūmpta, sūmptā, sūmptae, sūmptam, sūmptārum, sūmptās, sūmpte, sūmptī, sūmptīs, sūmptō, sūmptōrum, sūmptōs |
| future participle | sūmptūrus sūmptūra, sūmptūrā, sūmptūrae, sūmptūram, sūmptūrārum, sūmptūrās, sūmptūre, sūmptūrī, sūmptūrīs, sūmptūrō, sūmptūrōrum, sūmptūrōs, sūmptūrum | sūmendus sūmundus, sūmenda, sūmendā, sūmendae, sūmendam, sūmendārum, sūmendās, sūmende, sūmendīs, sūmendōrum, sūmendōs |
gerundsūmendī, sūmendō, sūmendumsupinesūmptum, sūmptū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- sumptum minuere
- to retrench.
- arma capere, sumere
- to take up one's arms.
- cibum sumere, capere
- to take food.
- venenum sumere, bibere
- to take poison.
- librum in manus sumere
- to take up a book in one's hands.
- in manus(m) sumere aliquid
- to take something into one's hands.
- regios spiritus sibi sumere
- to assume a despotic tone.
- supplicium sumere de aliquo
- to execute the death-sentence on a person.
16 more phrases
- supplicium sumere de aliquo
- to exact a penalty from some one.
- togam virilem (puram) sumere
- to assume the toga virilis.
- sumere (opp. reicere) aliquid
- to assume a thing.
- sibi sumere aliquid (Planc. 1. 3)
- to take upon oneself.
- sumptus perpetui (Off. 2. 12. 42)
- current expenses.
- sumptus liberales (Off. 2. 12. 42)
- munificence.
- sumptum facere, insumere in aliquid
- to spend money on an object.
- magnos spiritus sibi sumere (B. G. 1. 33)
- to be haughty.
- pecuniam mutuari or sumere mutuam ab aliquo
- to borrow money from some one.
- initium facere, ducere, sumere (alicuius rei)
- to commence a thing.
- sibi exemplum sumere ex aliquo or exemplum capere de aliquo
- to take a lesson from some one's example.
- argumentum ducere, sumere ex aliqua re or petere ab aliqua re
- to derive an argument from a thing.
- funere efferri or simply efferri (publice; publico, suo sumptu)
- to be interred (at the expense of the state, at one's own cost).
- ex infinita exemplorum copia unum (pauca) sumere, decerpere (eligere)
- to choose one from a large number of instances.
- sumptus effusi (vid. sect. IX. 2, note Cf. effusa fuga...) or profusi
- prodigal expenditure.
- tempus (spatium) deliberandi or ad deliberandum postulare, dare, sibi sumere
- to require, give, take time for deliberation.
sūmo, sumpsi, sumptum, 3 (sync. form of the
I. inf. perf. sumpse, Naev. ap. Gell. 2, 19, 6 (Com. Rel. v. 97 Rib.;
suremit for sumpsit, surempsit for sumpserit, Paul. Diac. 299, 2; Fest. 298, 9), v. a. contr. for subimo, from sub-emo, to take, take up, lay hold of, assume (syn. capio). I. In gen.: auferere, non abibis, si ego fustem sumpsero, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 202:
laciniam, id. Merc. 1, 2, 16: si hoc digitulis duobus sumebas primoribus, id. Bacch. 4, 4, 24: si mutuas non potero, certum'st sumam foenore, id. As. 1, 3, 95: postremo a me argentum quanti est sumito, Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 20: locum ( = capere), Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 9: legem in manus, Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 15: unum quodque vas in manus, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 27, § 63: Epicurum et Metrodorum non fere praeter suos quisquam in manus sumit, id. Tusc. 2, 3, 8: orationes in manus, Quint. 10, 1, 22: litteras ad te a M. Lepido consule quasi commendaticias sumpsimus, have taken, provided ourselves with, Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 3: spatium ad vehicula comportanda, Liv. 2, 4: spatium ad colloquendum, id. 8, 18: ferrum ad aliquem interficiendum, id. 40, 11, 10: Tusculi ante quam Romae sumpta sunt arma, id. 3, 19, 8: pro conjuge ferrum, Ov. H. 15 (16), 371: arma, Quint. 5, 10, 71: sume venenum, id. 8, 5, 23; Nep. Them. 10, 3; id. Hann. 12, 5: partem Falerni, Hor. C. 1, 27, 9: cyathos, id. ib. 3, 8, 13: panem perfusam aquā frigidā, Suet. Aug. 77: potiunculam, id. Dom. 21: antidotum, id. Calig. 23: pomum de lance, Ov. P. 3, 5, 20: cibum, Nep. Att. 21; Petr. 111: soporem, Nep. Dion, 2, 5: sumptā virili togā, put on, Cic. Lael. 1, 1: virilem togam, Suet. Aug. 8; 94 med.; id. Tib. 7; id. Galb. 4; Val. Max. 5, 4, 4: calceos et vestimenta, Cic. Rep. 1, 12, 18: regium ornatum, Nep. Eum. 13, 3: latum clavum (opp. deponere bracas), Poët. ap. Suet. Caes. 80: diadema, Suet. Calig. 22: annulos ferreos (opp. deponere), id. Aug. 100: gausapa, Ov. A. A. 2, 300: alas pedibus virgamque manu tegumenque capillis, id. M. 1, 672: perventum est eo, quo sumpta navis est, Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89: pecuniam mutuam, id. Fl. 20, 46; Sall. C. 24, 2: aurum mutuum, Suet. Caes. 51.—Of time: diem ad deliberandum, Caes. B. G. 1, 7: tempus cibi quietisque, Liv. 32, 11.—B. Trop.
1. In gen.:
calorem animo, Lucr. 3, 288: obsequium animo, i. e. animo obsequi, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 10, 8: Ariovistus tantos sibi spiritus, tantam arrogantiam sumpserat, ut, etc., assumed, Caes. B. G. 1, 33; cf.: sumpsi animum, I took courage, Ov. F. 1, 147: animos serpentis, id. M. 3, 545: vigorem, id. P. 3, 4, 31: cum spiritus plebs sumpsisset, Liv. 4, 54, 8: certamine animi adversus eum sumpto, id. 37, 10, 2: exempla, Cic. Lael. 11, 38: sumptis inimicitiis, susceptā causā, etc., taken upon one's self, assumed, id. Vatin. 11, 28: omne bellum sumi facile, ceterum aegerrime desinere, to be undertaken, entered upon, begun, Sall. J. 83, 1; so, bellum cum aliquo, Liv. 1, 42, 2; 36, 2, 3. — 2. Esp.: supplicium sumere, to exact satisfaction, inflict punishment, rarely absol.:
supplici sibi sumat, quod volt ipse, ob hanc injuriam, Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 31: satis sumpsimus jam supplici, id. Pers. 5, 2, 72: graviore sententiā pronuntiatā more majorum supplicium sumpsit, Caes. B. G. 6, 44.—Usu. de aliquo: potuisse hunc de illā supplicium sumere, Cic. Inv. 2, 27, 82: tum homo nefarius de homine nobili virgis supplicium crudelissime sumeret, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 37, § 91: supplicium de matre sumpsisse, Cic. Rosc. Am. 24, 66; Liv. 39, 29; cf. supplicium.—Rarely ex aliquo, Liv. 23, 3, 1.— Post-class. also ab aliquo, Val. Max. 4, 1, ext. 1; 5, 1, ext. 2.—Rarely poenam sumere ( = capere): pro maleficio poenam sumi oportere, Cic. Inv. 2, 36, 108: merentis poenas, Verg. A. 2, 586: poenam scelerato ex sanguine, id. ib. 12, 949; cf. id. ib. 6, 501.—II. In partic.
A. To take (by choice), to choose, select:
philosophiae studium, Cic. Ac. 1, 2, 8: hoc sumo ( = suscipio), hoc mihi deposco, Cic. Verr. 1, 12, 36: nos Capuam sumpsimus, id. Fam. 16, 11, 3: sumat aliquem ex populo monitorem officii sui, Sall. J. 85, 10: enitimini, ne ego meliores liberos sumpsisse videar quam genuisse, i. e. to have adopted, id. ib. 10, 8: sumite materiam vestris, qui scribitis, aequam Viribus, Hor. A. P. 38: quis te mala sumere cogit? Aut quis deceptum ponere sumpta velit? Ov. Tr. 5, 1, 69 sq.: disceptatorem, Liv. 1, 50: quod tres patricios magistratus nobilitas sibi sumpsisset, id. 7, 1: Miltiadem sibi imperatorem, Nep. Milt. 1, 3.—Poet., with inf.: quem virum aut heroa lyrā vel acri Tibiā sumis celebrare, Clio? Hor. C. 1, 12, 2: quis sibi res gestas Augusti scribere sumit? id. Ep. 1, 3, 7.—B. To take as one's own, to assume, claim, arrogate, appropriate to one's self (syn.:
ascisco, assumo, arrogo): quamquam mihi non sumo tantum neque arrogo, ut, etc., Cic. Planc. 1, 3: sed mihi non sumo, ut meum consilium valere debuerit, id. Att. 8, 11 D, § 6: sumpsi hoc mihi pro tuā in me observantiā, ut, etc., id. Fam. 13, 50, 1: tantum tibi sumito pro Capitone apud Caesarem, quantum, etc., id. ib. 13, 29, 6: sibi imperatorias partes, Caes. B. C. 3, 51: nec sumit aut ponit secures Arbitrio popularis aurae, Hor. C. 3, 2, 19: vultus modo sumit acerbos, Ov. Tr. 5, 8, 17: mores antiquos, Liv. 3, 68: proelio sumpta Thessalia est, conquered, Flor. 4, 2, 43.—C. To take, get, acquire, receive:
distat sumasne pudenter an rapias, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 44: laudemque a crimine sumit, Ov. M. 6, 474: sumpto rigore, id. ib. 10, 139: vel tua me Sestus vel te mea sumit Abydos, id. H. 17 (18), 127. — D. To take for some purpose, i. e. to use, apply, employ, spend, consume (syn. insumo):
in malā uxore atque inimico si quid sumas, sumptus est: In bono hospite atque amico quaestus est, quod sumitur, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 79 sq.: minus hercle in hisce rebus sumptum est sex minis, id. Trin. 2, 4, 9 and 12: frustra operam, opinor, sumo, Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 15: frustra laborem, Caes. B. G. 3, 14: cui rei opus est, ei hilarem hunc sumamus diem, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 68: videtis hos quasi sumptos dies ad labefactandam illius dignitatem, Cic. Rab. Post. 16, 44: sumpseris tibi familiaritatem nostram ad ornamentum, Plin. Ep. 6, 18, 2. —Poet.: curis sumptus, consumed, worn out, Poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 21, 42 (Trag. Fr. Inc. 8 Rib.).—E. To undertake, begin, enter upon:
bellum, Liv. 1, 42; Flor. 4, 12, 24: bellis ponendis sumendisque, Liv. 8, 4: haec maxime belli ratio sumendi fuerat, id. 38, 19: duellum cum aliquo, id. 36, 2: proelia, Suet. Caes. 60; Tac. H. 2, 45: in hos expeditionem, Flor. 4, 12, 6: non mandata expeditio, sed sumpta est, id. 4, 12, 48.—Poet.: prima fide vocisque ratae temptamina sumpsit Liriope, Ov. M. 3, 341.—F. In an oration, disputation, etc.
1. To take for certain or for granted, to assume, maintain, suppose, affirm:
alterutrum fatearis enim sumasque necesse'st, Lucr. 1, 974: nec solum ea sumitis ad concludendum, quae ab omnibus concedantur, sed ea sumitis, quibus concessis, etc., Cic. Div. 2, 50, 104: aliquid pro certo, id. ib.—With inf.-clause: beatos esse deos sumpsisti, Cic. N. D. 1, 31, 89: pro non dubio legati sumebant, quae Antiochi fuerunt, Eumenem aequius esse quam me habere, Liv. 39, 28, 5.—2. To make, take a beginning, etc. (late Lat.):
ab uno signo sumamus exordium, Macr. Somn. Scip. 18: ab illā quaestione principium sumere, Lact. 1, 2: quin fictio a capite sumat exordium, id. Opif. Dei, 12, 7.—3. To take, bring forward, cite, mention as a proof, an instance, etc. (cf. profero):
homines notos sumere odiosum est, Cic. Rosc. Am. 16, 47: unum hoc sumo, id. ib. 34, 97: sumam annum tertium, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 44, § 104: ex istis tuis sumam aliquem, id. Cael. 15, 36: quid quisquam potest ex omni memoriā sumere illustrius? id. Sest. 12, 27: ab oratore aut poëtā probato sumptum ponere exemplum, Auct. Her. 4, 1, 1.—G. To take as a purchase, to buy, purchase:
quanti ego genus omnino signorum non aestimo, tanti ista quattuor aut quinque sumpsisti, Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 2: decumas agri Leontini, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 64, § 149: quae parvo sumi nequeunt, obsonia captas, Hor. S. 2, 7, 106.—H. Aliquam, to use, enjoy, etc., in mal. part., Mart. 10, 81, 2:
mille licet sumant, Ov. A. A. 3, 90; Auct. Priap. 5; cf. gaudia, Nemes. Ecl. 4, 59: aliquid, Petr. 100.—K. To take, fascinate, charm:
simul conspexerit juvenem, venustate ejus sumitur, App. M. 2, p. 116, 40.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
sūmō sūmpsī, sūmptus, ere
sub+cmo, to take, take up, take in hand, lay hold of, assume : a me argentum, T.: legem in manūs: litteras ad te a M. Lepido consule sumpsimus, have provided ourselves with : Tusculi ante quam Romae sumpta sunt arma, L.: perventum est eo, quo sumpta navis est, hired : pecuniam mutuam, borrow.—To take, eat, drink, consume, enjoy, put on : vinum, N.: Partem Falerni, H.: pomum de lance, O.: sumptā virili togā, put on : regium ornatum, N.— To take in exchange, buy, purchase : decumas agri Leontini: Quae parvo sumi nequeunt, H.—Fig., to take, take up, assume : tantos sibi spiritūs, ut, etc., assumed , Cs.: animum, take courage , O.: sump<*> tis inimicitiis, susceptā causā.— To take up, under take, enter upon, begin : omne bellum sumi facile, to be undertaken , S.: bellum cum Veientibus sumptum, L.: Prima fide vocisque ratae temptamina, O.: Quem virum lyrā sumis celebrare? H.— To exact, inflict , with supplicium or poenam : more maiorum supplicium sumpsit, Cs.: de illā supplicium sumere: virgis supplicium crudelissime sumere: pro maleficio poenam sumi oportere: tam crudelīs poenas, to take such cruel revenge , V.— To take, choose, select : philosophiae studium: hoc mihi sumo, this is my choice : meliores liberos sumpsisse quam genuisse, i. e. to have adopted , S.: materiam vestris aequam Viribus, H.: mala, O.: disceptatorem, L.: Miltiadem imperatorem sibi, N.— To take, assume, claim, arrogate, appropriate : quamquam mihi non sumo tantum neque adrogo, ut, etc.: imperatorias sibi partīs, Cs.: Nec sumit aut ponit securīs Arbitrio popularis aurae, H.: voltūs acerbos, O.: antiquos mores, L.— To take, obtain, get, acquire, receive : distat sumasne pudenter An rapias, H.: laudem a crimine, O.: sumpto rigore, O.— To take, lay out, use, apply, employ, spend, consume : frustra operam, T.: laborem, Cs.: diem ad deliberandum, Cs.: cibi quietisque tempus, L.: curis sumptus, worn out , C. poët.—Of a speaker, to take for granted, assume, maintain, suppose, affirm : id sumere pro certo, quod dubium est: beatos esse deos: pro non dubio, aequius esse, etc., L.— To take, bring forward, cite, mention, adduce : homines notos sumere odiosum est: unum hoc sumo: quid quisquam potest ex omni memoriā sumere inlustrius?
Origins
Ultimately from Proto-Italic *emō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁em-. By surface analysis, sub + emō (“to buy, take”), with excrescent p in sūmpsī and sūmptum. According to Sihler, the term derives from earlier *susmō, from Proto-Italic *sups-(e)mō, from *emō. It is likely that this Latin term is related to Umbrian sumtu, although Buck argues that the Umbrian term cannot be explained from *sups-(e)mō. Instead, Buck suggests that the Umbrian term must derive from *sup(e)mō, which—according to Poultney—is the source for both the Umbrian and the Latin term. According to De Vaan, the perfect form sūmpsī is a later innovation that emerged because the term was no longer synchronically identifiable with emō. Sextus Pompeius Festus provides attestation for two additional perfect forms surēmi and surēmpsī. De Vaan suggests that these forms may derive from earlier Proto-Italic *suz-ēm-, itself from earlier *subs-ēm-. Alternatively, De Vaan proposes that these terms were remodeled after verbs such as suscipiō.
Borrowed
- Catalansumir
- Italiansumere
Inherited
- Portuguesesumirfrom Old Galician-Portuguese somir
- Spanishsumirfrom Old Spanish somir
- Galiciansumirfrom Old Galician-Portuguese somir