verbfirst conjugation
cessō
cessō (present infinitive cessāre, perfect active cessāvī, supine cessātum)
Classical[ˈkɛs.soː]Ecclesiastical[ˈt͡ʃɛs.so]
Meaning
- intransitiveto stop, desist, halt, cease
Nōn cessēs, fīlī, audīre doctrīnam, nec ignōrēs sermōnēs scientiae. Cease not, O my son, to hear instruction, and be not ignorant of the words of knowledge. (Douay-Rheims trans., Challoner rev.: 1752 CE)
c. 347 CE – 420 CE, Hieronymus, Vulgate Proverbs.19.27 - intransitiveto be lacking or wanting
audacia cessare: lacking audacity
- intransitiveto delay, hold back, tarry
- intransitiveto rest, be still, inactive
- intransitiveto be left alone, be at rest, do nothing, stand idle, lie fallow, dormant
Saepe bona māteria cessat sine artifice: temptā et experīre.
Often good material lies dormant without an artist: try it and find out. (Seneca uses the metaphor of an artist and his material to refer to someone cultivating a friendship; in the context of letter 47, a master and his slave.)c. 4 BCE – 65 CE, Seneca Minor, Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium 47.16 - intransitiveto be free of
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
nihil agōcessō -āre — in IVLIANVS I: Gallia, ch. 9
dēsinō, quiēscōcessō -āre — in Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 12 and Evangelium secundum Marcum, ch. 7
moror cum agendum sitcessō -āre — in Epistulae, ch. 17
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Cunctari · Hæsitare · Cessare
Cunctari (from ξυνέκειν, or κατέχειν), means to delay from consideration, like μέλλειν; hæsitare, from want of resolution; cessare (καθίζειν?) from want of strength and energy, like ὀκνεῖν. The cunctans delays to begin an action; the cessans, to go on with an action already begun. (iii. 300.)
Vacare · Otiari · Feriari · Cessare · Nihil agere
Vacare (from ἧκα?) means to have one’s time free, in opp. to occupatio, which compels one to work; otiari (from αὔσιος, αὔτως), to be at leisure, in opp. to negotia, which oblige one to work; feriari, to enjoy a holiday, in opp. to working all day; cessare (from cedere? or from καθίζειν?), to make a half-holiday, and enjoy a short cessation, in opp. to previous activity; nihil agere, to do nothing, in opp. to activity in general. (vi. 388.)
Conjugation conjugation 1
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | cessō | cessābam | cessābō | cessāvī | cessāveram cessāram | cessāverō cessārō |
| 2nd sg. | cessās | cessābās | cessābis | cessāvistī cessāstī | cessāverās cessārās | cessāveris cessāris |
| 3rd sg. | cessat | cessābat | cessābit | cessāvit cessāt | cessāverat cessārat | cessāverit cessārit |
| 1st pl. | cessāmus | cessābāmus | cessābimus | cessāvimus cessāmus | cessāverāmus cessārāmus | cessāverimus cessārimus |
| 2nd pl. | cessātis | cessābātis | cessābitis | cessāvistis cessāstis | cessāverātis cessārātis | cessāveritis cessāritis |
| 3rd pl. | cessant | cessābant | cessābunt | cessāvērunt cessārunt, cessāvēre | cessāverant cessārant | cessāverint cessārint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | cessem | cessārem | cessāverim cessārim | cessāvissem cessāssem |
| 2nd sg. | cessēs | cessārēs | cessāverīs cessārīs | cessāvissēs cessāssēs |
| 3rd sg. | cesset | cessāret | cessāverit cessārit | cessāvisset cessāsset |
| 1st pl. | cessēmus | cessārēmus | cessāverīmus cessārīmus | cessāvissēmus cessāssēmus |
| 2nd pl. | cessētis | cessārētis | cessāverītis cessārītis | cessāvissētis cessāssētis |
| 3rd pl. | cessent | cessārent | cessāverint cessārint | cessāvissent cessāssent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | cessor | cessābar | cessābor |
| 2nd sg. | cessāris cessāre | cessābāris cessābāre | cessāberis cessābere |
| 3rd sg. | cessātur | cessābātur | cessābitur |
| 1st pl. | cessāmur | cessābāmur | cessābimur |
| 2nd pl. | cessāminī | cessābāminī | cessābiminī |
| 3rd pl. | cessantur | cessābantur | cessābuntur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | cesser | cessārer |
| 2nd sg. | cessēris cessēre | cessārēris cessārēre |
| 3rd sg. | cessētur | cessārētur |
| 1st pl. | cessēmur | cessārēmur |
| 2nd pl. | cessēminī | cessārēminī |
| 3rd pl. | cessentur | cessārentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | cessā | cessāre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | cessāte | cessāminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | cessātō | cessātor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | cessātō | cessātor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | cessātōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | cessantō | cessantor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | cessāre | cessārī |
| perfect infinitive | cessāvisse cessāsse | cessātum esse |
| future infinitive | cessātūrum esse | cessātum īrī |
| present participle | cessāns | — |
| perfect participle | — | cessātus cessāta, cessātā, cessātae, cessātam, cessātārum, cessātās, cessātī, cessātōrum, cessātōs |
| future participle | cessātūrus cessātūra, cessātūrā, cessātūrae, cessātūram, cessātūrārum, cessātūrās, cessātūre, cessātūrī, cessātūrīs, cessātūrō, cessātūrōrum, cessātūrōs, cessātūrum | cessandus cessanda, cessandā, cessandae, cessandam, cessandārum, cessandās, cessande, cessandīs, cessandōrum, cessandōs |
gerundcessandī, cessandō, cessandumsupinecessātum, cessātū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- ventus cadit, cessat
- the wind dies down, ceases.
cesso, āvi, ātum, 1,
I. v. freq. n. and a. [1. cedo]; lit., to stand back very much; hence, to be remiss in any thing, to delay, loiter, or, in gen., to cease from, stop, give over (indicating a blamable remissness; while desinere, intermittere, requiescere do not include that idea: cessat desidiosus, requiescit fessus, Don. ad Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 15. Diff. from cunctari in this, that the latter designates inaction arising from want of resolution, but cessare that which is the result of slothfulness; cf. Doed. Syn. 3, p. 300 sq.;
class. in prose and poetry): paulum si cessassem, Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 5; 4, 6, 16; id. Ad. 4, 2, 49: si tabellarii non cessarint, Cic. Prov. Cons. 7, 15: in suo studio atque opere, id. Sen. 5, 13: ne quis in eo, quod me viderit facientem, cesset, Liv. 35, 35, 16; cf. id. 35, 18, 8: ab apparatu operum ac munitionum nihil cessatum, id. 21, 8, 1; 34, 16, 3; 31, 12, 2; Tac. A. 3, 28: quidquid apud durae cessatum est moenia Trojae, whatever delay there was, Verg. A. 11, 288: audaciā, to be deficient in spirit, Liv. 1, 46, 6; cf.: nullo umquam officio, id. 42, 6, 8: ad arma cessantes Concitet, Hor. C. 1, 35, 15 et saep.—So in admonitions: quid cessas? Ter. And. 5, 6, 15; Tib. 2, 2, 10: quid cessatis? Curt. 4, 16, 5: quor cessas? Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 69; cf.: cessas in vota precesque (poet. for cessas facere vota), Tros, ait, Aenea? cessas? Verg. A. 6, 51 sq.; Tib. 3, 6, 57.— With dat. incommodi: it dies; ego mihi cesso, i. e. to my own injury, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 12 Lorenz ad loc.; id. Ep. 3, 2, 8: sed ego nunc mihi cesso, qui non umerum hunc onero pallio, Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 4.—b. With inf.:
ego hinc migrare cesso, Plaut. Ep. 3, 2, 6 sq.: numquid principio cessavit verbum docte dicere? id. Pers. 4, 4, 3; so, alloqui, Ter. And. 2, 2, 6; 5, 2, 4: adoriri, id. Heaut. 4, 5, 9: pultare ostium, id. ib. 3, 1, 1; id. Phorm. 2, 3, 30: introrumpere, id. Eun. 5, 5, 26: detrahere de nobis, Cic. Att. 11, 11, 2: mori, Hor. C. 3, 27, 58 et saep.—II. In gen.
A. To be inactive, idle, at leisure, to do nothing:
cur tam multos deos nihil agere et cessare patitur? cur non rebus humanis aliquos otiosos deos praeficit? Cic. N. D. 3, 39, 93; cf. id. ib. 1, 9, 22; id. Off. 3, 1, 1: nisi forte ego vobis cessare nunc videor; cum bella non gero, id. de Sen. 6, 18: et si quid cessare potes, requiesce sub umbrā, Verg. E. 7, 10: cessabimus una, Prop. 3 (4), 23, 15. Ov. M. 4, 37: cur alter fratrum cessare et ludere et ungi praeferat, etc., Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 183 (cessare otiari et jucunde vivere, Schol. Crucq.); so id. ib. 1, 7, 57: per hibernorum tempus, Liv. 36, 5, 1: cessatum usque adhuc est: nunc porro expergiscere, Ter. Ad. 4, 4, 23: cessatum ducere curam, put to rest, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 31: non timido, non ignavo cessare tum licuit, Curt. 3, 11, 5.—b. Of things, to be at rest, to rest, be still, inactive, unemployed, or unused, etc.:
si cessare putas rerum primordia posse, Cessandoque novos rerum progignere motus, Lucr. 2, 80 sq.: quid ita cessarunt pedes? Phaedr. 1, 9, 5: et grave suspenso vomere cesset opus, Tib. 2, 1, 6; Ov. F. 6, 348: Achilles cessare in Teucros pertulit arma sua, Prop. 2, 8, 30: cur Berecyntiae Cessant flamina tibiae, Hor. C. 3, 19, 19: cessat voluntas? id. ib. 1, 27, 13: cessat ira deae, Liv. 29, 18, 10: solas sine ture relictas Praeteritae cessasse ferunt Letoïdos aras, i. e. remained unsought, unapproached, Ov. M. 8, 278; cf.: at nunc desertis cessant sacraria lucis, Prop. 3 (4), 13, 47. and: cessaturae casae, Ov. F. 4, 804: cessans honor, a vacant office, Suet. Caes. 76.—(b). Of land, to lie uncultivated, fallow (cf. cessatio):
alternis idem tonsas cessare novales, Verg. G. 1, 71; Plin. 18, 23, 52, § 191; cf. Suet. Aug. 42.—Pass.: cessata arva, Ov. F. 4, 617.—Trop., of a barren woman, Paul. Nol. Carm. 6, 48.—c. Sometimes cessare alicui rei, like vacare alicui rei, to have leisure for something, i.e. to attend to, apply one's self to:
amori, Prop. 1, 6, 21.—B. Rarely (prob. not ante-Aug.), not to be at hand or present, to be wanting:
cessat voluntas? non aliā bibam Mercede, Hor. C. 1, 27, 13: augendum addendumque quod cessat, Quint. 2, 8, 10.—Hence, 2. Judic. t. t.
a. Of persons, not to appear before a tribunal, to make default:
culpāne quis an aliquā necessitate cessasset, Suet. Claud. 15 (where, just before, absentibus; cf. absum, 8.): quoties delator adesse jussus cessat, Dig. 49, 14, 2, § 4; so ib. 47, 10, 17, § 20.—b. Of things (a process, verdict), to be invalid, null, void:
cessat injuriarum actio, Dig. 47, 10, 17, § 1: revocatio, ib. 42, 8, 10, § 1: edictum, ib. 39, 1, 1: senatus consultum, ib. 14, 6, 12 et saep.—C. Also rare, in a moral view, to depart from a right way, i.e. to mistake, err:
ut scriptor si peccat... Sic qui multum cessat, Hor. A. P. 357: oratoris perfecti illius, ex nullā parte cessantis, Quint. 1, 10, 4.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
cessō āvī, ātus, āre, freq.
1 cedo, to be remiss, delay, loiter, cease from, stop, give over: paulum, T.: odiosa cessas, you are delaying shamefully, T.: in suo studio: ab apparatu operum nihil cessatum, L.: Quidquid apud durae cessatum est moenia Troiae, whatever delay there was, V.: audaciā, to lack spirit, L.: quid cessas? Tb.: quor cessas? T.: cessas in vota? V.: ego nunc mihi cesso, i. e. to my hurt, T.: pultare ostium, T.: mori, H.—Of persons, to be inactive, be idle, be unoccupied, do nothing: cur deos cessare patitur? si quid cessare potes, V.: Dum cessant aliae, O.: cessare et ludere, H.: Cessatum usque adhuc est, T.: Semel hic cessavit, played truant, H.: amori, to have leisure for, Pr.—Of things, to be at rest, rest, be still, be inactive, be unused, pause, cease, stop: quid ita cessarunt pedes? Ph.: Cessat opus, O.: cessat ira deae, L.: cessasse ferunt aras, i. e. remained unsought, O.: Cessantem amphoram, i. e. long unopened, H.: cessaturae casae, O.: tonsas cessare novalīs, to lie fallow, V.: cessat voluntas? i. e. does he hesitate? H.: Cessata tempora cursu Corrigit, makes up for lost time, O.—Supin. acc.: cessatum ducere curam, lay at rest, H.
Origins
Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Italic *-tos Latin -tus Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin -tō Latin cessō From cēdō (“to withdraw”) + -tō.
Descendants
- Catalancessar
- Englishcease
- Englishcess
- Frenchcesser
- Italiancessare
- Occitancessar
- Portuguesecessar
- Spanishcejar
- Spanishcesar
- Galiciancesar