verbthird conjugation
claudō
claudō (present infinitive claudere, perfect active clausī, supine clausum)
Classical[ˈkɫau̯.doː]Ecclesiastical[ˈklaːu̯.do]
№ 392 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- to shut up, close, lock
Ōra formīdō mūta claudit.
The fear closes the mouths mute.“quid Trōēs potuēre, quibus, tot fūnera passīs,
“What have the Trojans done, for whom, having suffered so many losses, the whole circle of the lands has been closed. [And all] for the sake of Italy.” (Venus, speaking to Jupiter, laments the plight of the Trojans as they wander the Mediterranean shores.)29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 1.232–233 - to imprison, confine
- to encompass, surround
- to besiege, blockade
- to limit, restrict
- to terminate, finish, complete
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
iānuam sīc vertō ut nēmō intrāre possit.claudō -ere clausī — in Mille Verba, Domus et Familia
aperīre nōn sinōclaudō -ere, clausī — in IVLIANVS I: Gallia, ch. 8
nōn aperiōclaudō -ere — in Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 4
to shut
claudō -ere — in Viri Romae Facillimi, ch. 2, 7, 8, 9, 16, 18, 20
Conjugation conjugation 3
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | claudō | claudēbam | claudam | clausī | clauseram | clauserō |
| 2nd sg. | claudis | claudēbās | claudēs | clausistī | clauserās | clauseris |
| 3rd sg. | claudit | claudēbat | claudet | clausit | clauserat | clauserit |
| 1st pl. | claudimus | claudēbāmus | claudēmus | clausimus | clauserāmus | clauserimus |
| 2nd pl. | clauditis | claudēbātis | claudētis | clausistis | clauserātis | clauseritis |
| 3rd pl. | claudunt | claudēbant | claudent | clausērunt clausēre | clauserant | clauserint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | claudam | clauderem | clauserim | clausissem |
| 2nd sg. | claudās | clauderēs | clauserīs | clausissēs |
| 3rd sg. | claudat | clauderet | clauserit | clausisset |
| 1st pl. | claudāmus | clauderēmus | clauserīmus | clausissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | claudātis | clauderētis | clauserītis | clausissētis |
| 3rd pl. | claudant | clauderent | clauserint | clausissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | claudor | claudēbar | claudar |
| 2nd sg. | clauderis claudere | claudēbāris claudēbāre | claudēris claudēre |
| 3rd sg. | clauditur | claudēbātur | claudētur |
| 1st pl. | claudimur | claudēbāmur | claudēmur |
| 2nd pl. | claudiminī | claudēbāminī | claudēminī |
| 3rd pl. | clauduntur | claudēbantur | claudentur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | claudar | clauderer |
| 2nd sg. | claudāris claudāre | clauderēris clauderēre |
| 3rd sg. | claudātur | clauderētur |
| 1st pl. | claudāmur | clauderēmur |
| 2nd pl. | claudāminī | clauderēminī |
| 3rd pl. | claudantur | clauderentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | claude | claudere |
| pres. 2nd pl. | claudite | claudiminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | clauditō | clauditor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | clauditō | clauditor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | clauditōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | clauduntō | clauduntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | claudere | claudī |
| perfect infinitive | clausisse | clausum esse |
| future infinitive | clausūrum esse | clausum īrī |
| present participle | claudēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | clausus |
| future participle | clausūrus clausūra, clausūrā, clausūrae, clausūram, clausūrārum, clausūrās, clausūre, clausūrī, clausūrīs, clausūrō, clausūrōrum, clausūrōs, clausūrum | claudendus claudundus |
gerundclaudendī, claudendō, claudendumsupineclausum, clausū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- agmen claudere, cogere
- to bring up the rear.
- oppidum obsidione claudere
- to besiege a city.
- ostium, fores aperire, claudere
- to open, shut the door.
- aures claudere, patefacere (e.g. veritati, assentatoribus)
- to turn a deaf ear to, to open one's ears to...
claudo (* clōdo:
I.
clodunt ita (oculos), Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330 fin.; but some refer clodo to claudeo; and more freq., although not in Cic., clūdo, as always in the compounds; v. infra), si, sum, 3, v. a. root sklu-, klu-, to shut; cf. κλείω, κλείς, clavis; O. H. Germ. scliuzu; M. H. Germ. schliessen; also claudus, clavus, to shut. I. To shut something that is open, to close, shut up (opp. aperire; freq. in prose and poetry).
(a). Claudo:
forem cubiculi, Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 59; cf. Quint. 10, 3, 25; and, clausae fores, Tib. 1, 9, 44; Suet. Ner. 47: conventus portus Varroni clausit, Caes. B. C. 2, 19: januam serā, Tib. 1, 2, 6: domum, Ov. P. 1, 7, 36 sq.: ostia, Cat. 6, 231: portas, Cic. Fl. 25, 61; Hor. C. 3, 5, 23; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 27, § 68: omnes aditus, id. Phil. 1, 10, 25; Tac. A. 12, 68; Stat. Th. 6, 752: rivos, to dam up, Verg. E. 3, 111: ad claudendas pupulas, ne quid incideret, et ad aperiendas, etc., Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 142: ocellos (in dying), Prop. 2 (3), 13, 17. so, oculos, Luc. 5, 28: lumina, Verg. A. 10, 746; Ov. M. 3, 503: clausis foribus, Lucr. 4, 598.—(b). Cludo:
domum, Tac. H. 1, 33: Janum Quirinum ter clusit, Suet. Aug. 22; Flor. 4, 12, 64: animam clusit dolor, Luc. 8, 59.—2. Trop.:
nec ita claudenda est res familiaris, ut eam benignitas aperire non possit, Cic. Off. 2, 15, 55: domus clausa contra cupiditatem, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39: habere domum clausam pudori et sanctimoniae, patentem cupiditati et voluptatibus, id. Quint. 30, 93; cf. id. Fam. 4, 13, 6: aures ad doctissimas voces, id. Tusc. 4, 1, 2; cf. Liv. 40, 8, 20: cludendae sunt aures malis vocibus, Sen. Ep. 123, 9: horum ferocia vocem Euandri clausit, Liv. 44, 45, 11: fugam hostibus, q. s. to block up, to cut off, prevent, id. 27, 18, 20; so Ov. M. 6, 572: alicui iter, id. F. 1, 272; id. M. 8, 548: alios incessus, Tac. A. 6, 33: sideritis sanguinem claudit, i. e. stops, stanches, Plin. 26, 13, 83, § 135: cluso corpore adversum vim veneni, Tac. A. 15, 64: clausa consilia habere, i. e. to conceal, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 63; cf. Sall. C. 10, 5; Ov. M. 2, 641; id. F. 4, 846; Sil. 1, 140.— Poet.: animam laqueo, i. e. to end one's life, Ov. M. 7, 604 (cf.: vitalesque vias et respiramina clausit, id. ib. 2, 828).—B. To close, end, conclude (so, except the milit. expression, agmen, only poet. or in post-Aug. prose; most freq. in Quint.).
(a). Claudo:
cujus octavum trepidavit aetas Claudere lustrum, Hor. C. 2, 4, 24: opus, Ov. F. 3, 384: jus, Luc. 5, 44: labores ingentis belli, Sil. 15, 655: epistulam, Ov. H. 13, 165; 20, 242: cenas lactucā, Mart. 13, 14; Quint. 9, 4, 13: cum ventum est ad ipsum illud, quo veteres tragoediae comoediaeque clauduntur, Plaudite, id. 6, 1, 52; cf. id. 1, 8, 1; 2, 15, 27.—(b). Cludo:
cludere bella, Stat. Th. 11, 58: cludendi incohandique sententias ratio, Quint. 9, 4, 18; cf. opp. incipere, id. 9, 4, 67 (as claudere, opp. incipere, id. 1, 8, 1): cum versus cluditur, id. 9, 4, 65; cf. id. 9, 4, 26; 9, 4, 71; 9, 4, 73; 9, 4, 93; 9, 4, 102; 9, 4, 104; 9, 4, 105; 12, 10, 31.—2. Agmen, in milit. lang., to close the procession or train, to bring up the rear, Caes. B. G. 1, 25; Curt. 3, 3, 21; 4, 12, 4; so,
aciem, Sil. 7, 590; cf. cogo, I. B. 3.—II. (For the compounds includo, concludo.) Claudere aliquid aliquā re, to shut up or in something by something, to enclose, encompass, surround, imprison, hide, confine (class., esp. freq. in poetry and in the historians).
(a). Claudo, with abl.:
locum aquā, Varr. R. R. 3, 14, 1: quae (Syracusarum urbs) loci naturā terrā marique clauderetur, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 2, § 4: (animae) clausae tenebris et carcere caeco, Verg. A. 6, 734: stabulis armenta, id. G. 3, 352: claudens textis cratibus pecus, Hor. Epod. 2, 45; cf. Ov. M. 2, 554; 4, 646: ensem vaginā, Luc. 5, 245: aliquem Gyaro, Tac. A. 4, 30; 14, 63: clausus domo, id. ib. 15, 53; cf.: intra domum, id. H. 4, 49: rivus praealtis utrimque clausus ripis, Liv. 21, 54, 1; cf. id. 21, 43, 4; 41, 27, 12; Quint. 1, 10, 45: clauditur cubiculo aliquis, Tac. A. 15, 69; cf.: in atras et profundas tenebras eum claudebant, Tubero ap. Gell. 7 ($3), 4, 3: in arcā, Hor. S. 2, 7, 59: claudam in curiā vos, Liv. 23, 2, 9: in tectis, Ov. M. 3, 697: (apes) in arbore inani, id. F. 3, 743: aquilonem in antris, id. M. 1, 262.—Without abl.: nihil se tam clausum posse habere, quod non istius cupiditati apertissimum esset, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20, § 42: insula ea sinum ab alto claudit, Liv. 30, 24, 9; cf. Tac. G. 34; Quint. 1, 10, 42; Ov. M. 1, 568 al.—In milit. lang., of a hostile encompassing, to encompass, invest, besiege, blockade, etc.: praestare arbitrabatur, unum locum... quam omnia litora ac portus custodiā clausos teneri, Caes. B. C. 3, 23: urbem operibus, Nep. Milt. 7, 2; Liv. 25, 22, 12 al.; cf.: urbem obsidione, Nep. Epam. 8, 5: adversarios locorum angustiis, id. Dat. 8, 4; cf. id. Epam. 7, 1; id. Ham. 2, 4: multitudine, id. Milt. 5, 3: hinc Tusco claudimur amni, are hemmed in, Verg. A. 8, 473.—So of hunting: nemorum saltus, Verg. E. 6, 56: indagine collis, Tib. 4, 3, 7: silvas vastasque feras indagine, Luc. 6, 42; Stat. Th. 2, 553: insidiis altas valles, Tib. 1, 4, 49: cur tibi clauduntur rete Imbelles capr eae, Ov. F. 5, 371.— B. Trop.:
numcubi meam Benignitatem sensisti in te claudier? Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 84: nolo tibi ullum commodum in me claudier, id. And. 3, 3, 41; cf. I. A. 2. supra.—Esp. of speech and rhythm: qui non claudunt numeris sententias, Cic. Or. 68, 229; 58, 198: pedibus verba, i. e. to compose verses, Hor. S. 2, 1, 28; cf. id. ib. 1, 10, 59: quod clausae hieme Alpes essent, Liv. 27, 36, 4; cf. Verg. G. 2, 317: rura gelu tum claudit hiems (and id. A. 2, 111: illos aspera ponti interclusit hiems).—Hence, P.a. as subst.: clausum (clūsum), i, n., an enclosed place (for confining or keeping any thing): clausa effringere, Sall. J. 12, 5: in clauso linquere, in confinement, Verg. G. 4, 303: fructus clauso custodire, Col. 12, praef. § 3: sub uno clauso, id. 7, 6, 5: clausa domorum, Lucr. 1, 354: clausa viarum, id. 4, 612.claudo, ĕre, v. claudeo.
Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
claudō (clūdō) sī, sus, ere
CLAV-, to shut, close, shut up: forem cubiculi: portas, Cs.: rivos, to dam up, V.: clausae fores, Tb.: ostia, Ct.: ocellos, Pr.: clausae hieme Alpes, L.: pupulas: lumina, V.—Fig., to shut, close: domus clausa pudori: aurīs ad voces: fugam hostibus, to cut off, L.: clausa consilia habere, i. e. to conceal: deum clausum pectore habere, O.: animam laqueo, i. e. to end one's life, O. — To close, end, conclude: lustrum, H.: opus, O.: epistulam, O.: agmen, to bring up the rear, Cs.—To shut in, enclose, encompass, surround, imprison, hide, confine: quae (urbs) loci naturā clauderetur: stabulis armenta, V.: claudens textis cratibus pecus, H.: rivus clausus ripis, L.: nemus claudit Silva, O.: (apes) in arbore inani, O.—To encompass, invest, besiege, blockade: portūs custodiā clausos teneri, Cs.: urbem obsidione, N.: multitudine, N. — To shut in, hem in: hinc Tusco claudimur amni, are hemmed in, V.: nemorum saltūs, V.: tibi clauduntur rete capreae, O.—To close, limit, restrict: Nolo tibi ullum commodum in me claudier, i. e. that you be deprived of, T.: nec ita claudenda est res familiaris, ut, etc.: numeris sententias, to express in poetical form: pedibus verba, i. e. to compose verses, H.
claudō —, —, ēre
CLAV-. — Prop., to limp; hence, fig., to falter, hesitate, stumble: etiam si (vita) ex aliquā parte clauderet: quid est cur claudere orationem malint?: si alterā parte claudet res p., L.
Origins
From Proto-Italic *klaudō, from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂u-de-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂w- (“key, hook, nail”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κλείω (kleíō), κλείς (kleís, “bar, bolt, key”), Russian заключи́ть (zaključítʹ) (via ключ (ključ)), Old High German slioȥan (“to close, conclude, lock”), Old Saxon slūtan (“to close, conclude, lock”).
Gallo-Romance
- Catalancloure
- Occitanclaure
- Franco-Provençalcllôre
- Old Frenchclore
- Old Occitancluire
Ibero-Romance
- Portuguesechouvirfrom Old Galician-Portuguese choir
- Galicianchoerfrom Old Galician-Portuguese choir
Italo-Romance
- Italianchiudere
- Corsicanchjude
- Neapolitanchiudere
- Sicilianchiùdiri
- Sicilianchiùjiri
- Sicilianjùjiri
Vulgar Latin
- Frenchclignerfrom unknown *clūdināre
- unknown*clūdicāre
- Piedmontesecugnèfrom unknown *clūdināre
- Piedmonteseciugneefrom unknown *clūdināre
Elsewhere
- Englishclose
Insular Romance
- Old Sardinianklaudere
Balkano-Romance
- Aromaniancljid
Rhaeto-Romance
- Friuliancludi
- Romanshclugir
In English words that came into English from claudō
- closeclausus
- concludeconclūdō
- cloisterclaustrum
- conclusionconclūsiō
- sluiceexclusa
- closureclausura
- includeinclūdō
- enclosureinclūdō
- clauseclausa
- exclusiveexclūsīvus
- inclusioninclusio
- disclosedisclaudere
- excludeexclūdō
- enclose*inclaudo
- claustrophobiaclaustrum
- precludepraeclūdere
- inclusiveinclūsīvus
- exclusionexclusiō
- seclusionseclusio
- reclusereclūdō
- cloistralclaustrālis
- occludeocclūdere
- claustralclaustrum
- occlusionocclūsiō