verbsecond conjugation, no supine stem, third person-only in the passive
horreō
horreō (present infinitive horrēre, perfect active horruī)
Classical[ˈhɔr.re.oː]Ecclesiastical[ˈɔr.re.o]
Meaning
- to stand erect, stand on end
- to tremble, shiver
horrueram tacitōque animum pallōre fatēbar; tum dea, quōs fēcit, sustulit ipsa metūs I had trembled, and by my speechless pallor was betraying my emotion; then the goddess – she who caused it [to happen] – removed [my] fears herself.
(The poet, writing about the month of June, first encounters Juno (mythology).)8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 6.19–20 - to dread, be afraid of
- to be frightful
- to be horrified at or of
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
prae metū tremōhorreō -ēre — in Epistulae, ch. 17
Conjugation conjugation 2 no-supine
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | horreō | horrēbam | horrēbō | horruī | horrueram | horruerō |
| 2nd sg. | horrēs | horrēbās | horrēbis | horruistī | horruerās | horrueris |
| 3rd sg. | horret | horrēbat | horrēbit | horruit | horruerat | horruerit |
| 1st pl. | horrēmus | horrēbāmus | horrēbimus | horruimus | horruerāmus | horruerimus |
| 2nd pl. | horrētis | horrēbātis | horrēbitis | horruistis | horruerātis | horrueritis |
| 3rd pl. | horrent | horrēbant | horrēbunt | horruērunt horruēre | horruerant | horruerint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | horream | horrērem | horruerim | horruissem |
| 2nd sg. | horreās | horrērēs | horruerīs | horruissēs |
| 3rd sg. | horreat | horrēret | horruerit | horruisset |
| 1st pl. | horreāmus | horrērēmus | horruerīmus | horruissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | horreātis | horrērētis | horruerītis | horruissētis |
| 3rd pl. | horreant | horrērent | horruerint | horruissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | — | — | — |
| 2nd sg. | — | — | — |
| 3rd sg. | horrētur | horrēbātur | horrēbitur |
| 1st pl. | — | — | — |
| 2nd pl. | — | — | — |
| 3rd pl. | horrentur | horrēbantur | horrēbuntur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | — | — |
| 2nd sg. | — | — |
| 3rd sg. | horreātur | horrērētur |
| 1st pl. | — | — |
| 2nd pl. | — | — |
| 3rd pl. | horreantur | horrērentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | horrē | — |
| pres. 2nd pl. | horrēte | — |
| fut. 2nd sg. | horrētō | — |
| fut. 3rd sg. | horrētō | horrētor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | horrētōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | horrentō | horrentor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | horrēre | horrērī |
| perfect infinitive | horruisse | — |
| present participle | horrēns | — |
| future participle | — | horrendum |
gerundhorrendī, horrendō, horrendum
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- capilli horrent
- his hair stands on end.
horrĕo, ui, ēre, v. n. and a.
I. [for horseo, kindred to Sanscr. hrish, to stand erect, to bristle], to stand on end, stand erect, to bristle.
I. Lit. (for the most part only poet.;
not in Ciceron. prose): in corpore pili, ut arista in spica hordei, horrent, Varr. L. L. 6, § 49 Müll.; cf.: et setae densis similes hastilibus horrent, Ov. M. 8, 285: saepe horrere sacros doluit Latona capillos, Tib. 2, 3, 23: horrentibus per totum corpus villis, Plin. 8, 40, 61, § 150: horrentes barbae, Petr. 99: horrentibus scopulis gradum inferre, Plin. Pan. 81, 1: horrentes rubi, Verg. G. 3, 315: horrentibus hastis, id. A. 10, 178: horrebant densis aspera crura pilis, Ov. F. 2, 348: rigidis setis, id. M. 13, 846: horret capillis ut marinus asperis Echinus aut currens aper, Hor. Epod. 5, 27: pervigil ecce draco squamis crepitantibus horrens Sibilat, Ov. H. 12, 101: densantur campis horrentia tela virorum, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 866 P. (Ann. v. 288 Vahl.); cf.: hastis longis campus splendet et horret, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 4 (Sat. v. 15 Vahl.); imitated Verg. A. 11, 602 Serv.; Liv. 44, 41, 6: mare cum horret fluctibus, is ruffled, rough, Att. ap. Non. 422, 33: duris cautibus horrens Caucasus, Verg. A. 4, 366: silvis horrentia saxa fragosis, Ov. M. 4, 778. —II. Transf.
A. To move in an unsteady, shaking manner.
1. In gen., to shake, tremble (very rare):
corpus ut impulsae segetes Aquilonibus horret, Ov. H. 10, 139; cf. horresco.—2. In partic.
a. To shake, shiver with cold, rigere (poet. and very rare):
saepe etiam dominae, quamvis horrebis et ipse, Algentis manus est calfacienda sinu, Ov. A. A. 2, 213: horrenti tunicam non reddere servo, Juv. 1, 93: sola pruinosis horret facundia pannis, Petr. 83.—b. To tremble, shudder, quake with fright; more freq. as a verb. act., with an object, to shudder or be frightened at, to tremble at, be afraid of (the class. signif. of the word, equally freq. in prose and poetry; cf.: exsecror, abominor, aversor, abhorreo, odi, exhorresco).
(a). Absol.:
totus, Parmeno, Tremo horreoque, postquam aspexi hanc, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4: Ph. Extimuit tum illa? Me. Horret corpus, cor salit, Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 9: arrectis auribus horrent Quadrupedes monstrique metu turbantur, Ov. M. 15, 516: scilicet horreres majoraque monstra putares, si mulier vitulum ederet, Juv. 2, 122.—(b). With acc.:
si qui imbecillius horrent dolorem et reformidant, Cic. Tusc. 5, 30, 85: deorum (conscientiam) horrere, id. Fin. 1, 16, 51: judicium et crimen, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 29, § 74; cf.: ingrati animi crimen, id. Att. 9, 2, A, 2: ipsam victoriam, id. Fam. 7, 3, 2: Ariovisti crudelitatem, * Caes. B. G. 1, 32, 4: nomen ipsum accusatoris, Quint. 12, 7, 1: fragilitatis humanae vires, Plin. Pan. 27, 1: pauperiem, Hor. S. 2, 5, 9: onus, id. Ep. 1, 17, 39: iratum mare, id. Epod. 2, 6: nutum divitis, id. Ep. 1, 18, 11: strictas secures trepida cervice, Sil. 6, 695 et saep.: te Negligit aut horret, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 64; cf.: quem dives amicus odit et horret, id. ib. 1, 18, 25: horrent admotas vulnera cruda manus, Ov. P. 1, 3, 16: aciem ac tela horrere, Liv. 21, 53, 2; Curt. 7, 8, 4; 9, 2, 33: illam, quam laudibus effert, horrere, to loathe, Juv. 6, 183. —(g). With an inf. or relat.-clause:
ego vestris armis armatus non horrui in hunc locum progredi, Cic. Agr. 2, 37, 101: horreo dicere, Liv. 7, 40, 9: horret animus referre, id. 2, 37, 6; 28, 29, 4; Lact. 7, 15, 11; 6, 17, 7: dominatio tanto in odio est omnibus, ut quorsus eruptura sit, horreamus, Cic. Att. 2, 21, 1; 1, 27, 1: quemadmodum accepturi sitis, horreo, id. Phil. 7, 3, 8.—(d). With ne:
eo plus horreo, ne illae magis res nos ceperint, quam nos illas, Liv. 34, 4, 3.—c. To shudder with amazement, to be astonished, amazed (very rare):
quae mehercule ego, Crasse, cum tractantur in causis, horrere soleo, Cic. de Or. 2, 45, 188: animo horrere, id. Dom. 55, 140: cogitatione, Curt. 9, 6, 12; cf. horrendus, 2.—B. To be of a rough or frightful appearance; to look rough, look frightful; to be terrible, dreadful, horrid (rare; mostly poet.):
possetne uno tempore florere, deinde vicissim horrere terra, Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 19: quaedam loca frigoribus hiemis intolerabiliter horrent, Col. 1, 4, 9; German. Progn. 2, 158; cf.: nec fera tempestas toto tamen horret in anno. Ov. F. 1, 495: Phoebus, Stat. Th. 4, 1.—2. Trop.:
horrebant saevis omnia verba minis, Ov. R. Am. 664.—Hence, A. horrens, entis, P. a. (acc. to I.), bristly, shaggy, rough (poet. and very rare):
horrens Arcadius sus, Lucr. 5, 25: horrentique atrum nemus imminet umbra, Verg. A. 1, 165: horrentes Marte Latinos, id. ib. 10, 237: horrensque feris altaribus Esus, Luc. 1, 445.—B. hor-rendus, a, um, P. a.
1. (Acc. to II. A. 2. b.) Dreadful, terrible, fearful, terrific, horrible (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
horrendum et dictu video mirabile monstrum, Verg. A. 3, 26: truces horrendaeque imagines, Plin. Pan. 52, 5: silva invia atque horrenda, Liv. 9, 36, 1: Roma, Hor. C. 3, 3, 45: rabies, id. S. 2, 3, 323: diluvies, id. C. 4, 14, 27: tempestas (with foeda), Vell. 2, 100, 2: nox, Ov. F. 6, 140: vox, Val. Fl. 1, 210; cf.: lex erat horrendi carminis, Liv. 1, 26, 6: juvenis Parthis horrendus, Hor. S. 2, 5, 62: pallor utrasque Fecerat horrendas aspectu, id. ib. 1, 8, 26: res horrenda relatu, Ov. M. 15, 298: horrendum dictu! Verg. A. 4, 454.—Neutr. adv.: belua Lernae Horrendum stridens, Verg. A. 6, 288: arma Horrendum sonuere, id. ib. 9, 732; 12, 700: intonet horrendum, Juv. 6, 485.—Plur.: horrenda circumsonantibus Alemannis, Amm. 27, 10, 10.—2. In a good sense, wonderful, awful, venerable (poet.):
horrenda virgo (Camilla), Verg. A. 11, 507: horrendae procul secreta Sibyllae, id. ib. 6, 10: tectum augustum, ingens ... Horrendum silvis et religione parentum, id. ib. 7, 172. —Adv.: horrendē, dreadfully, Vulg. Sap. 6, 5; 17, 3.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
horreō uī, —, ēre
HORS-, to stand on end, stand erect, bristle, be rough : ut horreret in arvis Carduus, V.: horrentibus hastis, V.: rigidis saetis, O.: squamis, O.: cautibus horrens Caucasus, V.— To shake, tremble, shiver : corpus horret, O.: horrens servus, Iu.— To tremble, shudder, quake, shudder at, tremble at, be afraid of, dread : totus horreo, T.: adrectis auribus, O.: horrere soleo, am deeply moved : victoriam: Ariovisti crudelitatem, Cs.: pauperiem, H.: aciem ac tela, L.: illam, quam, etc., to loathe , Iu.: in hunc locum progredi: horret animus referre, L.: quem ad modum accepturi sitis: eo plus horreo, ne, etc., L.— To be frightful, be terrible, be desolate : terra (opp. florere): umbra, V.: tempestas, O.
Origins
Inherited from Proto-Italic *horzēō, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰr̥s-éh₁-(ye)-ti, from *ǵʰers- (“to bristle”). Cognate with hīrtus, eris (“hedgehog”), Welsh garw (“rough”), Sanskrit हृष्यति (hṛṣyati, “become erect or stiff or rigid; be glad”), हर्षयति (harṣayati, “to excite”), Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬨𐬥𐬀 (zar^əšiiamna, “excited”).
Italo-Romance
- Italianorrire
Gallo-Romance
- Occitanorrir
In English words that came into English from horreō
- horrorhorror
- abhorabhorreō
- horriblehorribilis
- ordurehorridus
- abhorrentabhorrens
- horridhorridus
- horrifichorrificus
- horrifyhorrificare
- horrendoushorrendus
- horripilationhorripilatio
- horrenthorrens
- horripilatehorripilātus
- horrisonanthorrisonus
- horripilanthorripilāns