verbthird conjugation, no supine stem
horrēscō
horrēscō (present infinitive horrēscere, perfect active horruī)
Classical[hɔrˈreːs.koː]Ecclesiastical[orˈrɛs.ko]
Meaning
- to begin to bristle up; one's hair rises on end
- to become terrified
- to begin to shiver, shake, tremble, shudder
“Ecce! Autem geminī ā Tenedō tranquilla per altā — horrēscō referēns! — immēnsīs orbibus anguēs incumbunt pelagō, pariterque ad lītora tendunt.” “Look! And now, [coming] from Tenedos, through the placid deep – I shudder [in] retelling [it]! – twin snakes with endless coils lean into the sea, and advance together toward the shore.” – Aeneas
29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 2.203–205 - transitiveto start to dread
Conjugation conjugation 3 no-supine
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | horrēscō | horrēscēbam | horrēscam | horruī | horrueram | horruerō |
| 2nd sg. | horrēscis | horrēscēbās | horrēscēs | horruistī | horruerās | horrueris |
| 3rd sg. | horrēscit | horrēscēbat | horrēscet | horruit | horruerat | horruerit |
| 1st pl. | horrēscimus | horrēscēbāmus | horrēscēmus | horruimus | horruerāmus | horruerimus |
| 2nd pl. | horrēscitis | horrēscēbātis | horrēscētis | horruistis | horruerātis | horrueritis |
| 3rd pl. | horrēscunt | horrēscēbant | horrēscent | horruērunt horruēre | horruerant | horruerint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | horrēscam | horrēscerem | horruerim | horruissem |
| 2nd sg. | horrēscās | horrēscerēs | horruerīs | horruissēs |
| 3rd sg. | horrēscat | horrēsceret | horruerit | horruisset |
| 1st pl. | horrēscāmus | horrēscerēmus | horruerīmus | horruissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | horrēscātis | horrēscerētis | horruerītis | horruissētis |
| 3rd pl. | horrēscant | horrēscerent | horruerint | horruissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | horrēscor | horrēscēbar | horrēscar |
| 2nd sg. | horrēsceris horrēscere | horrēscēbāris horrēscēbāre | horrēscēris horrēscēre |
| 3rd sg. | horrēscitur | horrēscēbātur | horrēscētur |
| 1st pl. | horrēscimur | horrēscēbāmur | horrēscēmur |
| 2nd pl. | horrēsciminī | horrēscēbāminī | horrēscēminī |
| 3rd pl. | horrēscuntur | horrēscēbantur | horrēscentur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | horrēscar | horrēscerer |
| 2nd sg. | horrēscāris horrēscāre | horrēscerēris horrēscerēre |
| 3rd sg. | horrēscātur | horrēscerētur |
| 1st pl. | horrēscāmur | horrēscerēmur |
| 2nd pl. | horrēscāminī | horrēscerēminī |
| 3rd pl. | horrēscantur | horrēscerentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | horrēsce | horrēscere |
| pres. 2nd pl. | horrēscite | horrēsciminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | horrēscitō | horrēscitor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | horrēscitō | horrēscitor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | horrēscitōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | horrēscuntō | horrēscuntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | horrēscere | horrēscī |
| perfect infinitive | horruisse | — |
| present participle | horrēscēns | — |
| future participle | — | horrēscendus horrēscundus |
gerundhorrēscendī, horrēscendō, horrēscendum
horresco, horrŭi, 3,
I. v. inch. n. and a. [horreo], to rise on end, stand erect, to bristle up, grow rough.
I. Lit. (mostly poet.; cf.
horreo): rettulit ille gradus horrueruntque comae, Ov. F. 2, 502: tum segetes altae campique natantes Lenibus horrescunt flabris, Verg. G. 3, 199: bracchia coeperunt nigris horrescere villis, Ov. M. 2, 478; cf.: setis horrescere coepi, id. ib. 14, 279: horrescit telis exercitus asper utrimque, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 4 (Ann. v. 385 Vahl.); cf.: arma rigent, horrescunt tela, id. ib. (Trag. v. 177 ib.): mollis horrescit coma, Sen. Agam. 711: horrescit mare, becomes ruffled, rough, Varr. ap. Non. 423, 7: ut ille qui navigat, cum subito mare coepit horrescere, Cic. Fragm. ib. 4 (Rep. 1, 40 Mos.).—II. Transf.
A. To fall a shaking, trembling:
(puella) Horruit, ut steriles, agitat quas ventus, aristae, Ov. A. A. 1, 553.—2. In partic., to begin to shake, shudder, or tremble for fear, to become frightened, terrified (class.).
(a). Absol.:
horresco misera, mentio quoties fit partionis, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 93; cf. id. As. 4, 1, 4; Ter. Ad. 4, 4, 23: quin etiam ferae, sibi injecto terrore mortis, horrescunt, Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 31: horresco referens, Verg. A. 2, 204: horrescit visu subito, id. ib. 6, 710; 12, 453. —(b). With acc.:
dum procellas Cautus horrescis, Hor. C. 2, 10, 3: morsus futuros, Verg. A. 3, 394: nullos visus, Val. Fl. 6, 453: mortem, Stat. Th. 3, 70.—(g). With inf.:
horrescit animus omnia recensere, Amm. 29, 3, 9.—B. To grow fearful, terrible, dreadful (very rare):
in terra quoque ut horrescant (fulmina), Lucr. 6, 261: subitis horrescit turbida nimbis Tempestas, Sil. 1, 134.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
horrēscō horruī, —, ere, inch.
horreo, to rise on end, stand erect, bristle up, grow rough : horruerunt comae, O.: segetes horrescunt flabris, V.: saetis, O.— To begin to shake, shudder, tremble, be terrified, fear, dread : horresco semper, ubi, etc., T.: ferae horrescunt: visu subito, V.: procellas, H.: morsūs futuros, V.
Origins
Proto-Indo-European *-sḱéti Proto-Italic *-skō Latin -scō Latin horrēscō From horreō (“to shudder”) + -scō (inchoative).
Insular Romance
- Sardinianorròschere