verbfirst conjugation
sacrō
sacrō (present infinitive sacrāre, perfect active sacrāvī, supine sacrātum)
Classical[ˈsa.kroː]Ecclesiastical[ˈsaː.kro]
Meaning
- to declare or set apart as sacred; consecrate, dedicate, hallow or devote; sanctify, enshrine
[...] vigilemque sacrāverat ignem, / excubiās dīvom aeternās [...].
[Iarbas] had consecrated ever-burning fire and eternal sentries of the gods …. (See: Iarbas.)29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.200–201 - to doom or devote to destruction, declare accursed, condemn
- to hold, worship or honor as sacred
- broadlyto render imperishable, deify, immortalize
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
rem deīs dō et sānctam faciōsacrō -āre — in Metamorphoses I, ch. 18
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Sacer · Sanctus
Sacer (ἄγος) denotes that which is sacred, inasmuch as it belongs to the gods, in opp. to profanus, like ἱερός; whereas sanctus (from ἁγνός) inasmuch as it is under the protection of the gods, and, being guarded from profanation, is, in consequence, pure and spotless, in opp. to pollutus, like ὅσιος. Hence sanctus homo is a pure, pious man; sacer, one accursed, devoted to the gods as an expiatory sacrifice. In the same manner sancire means to place under the immediate protection of the gods, as laws and compacts, for example; whereas sacrare means to dedicate to the gods, as temples and altars, for example. (iii. 198.)
Sacrare · Consecrare · Dicare · Dedicare
Sacrare, consecrare, mean to hallow, with reference to men, with regard to whom the profane use of a thing is withdrawn and forbidden; dicare, dedicare (from δέχεσθαι) mean to dedicate with reference to the gods, to whom the thing is set apart as their property. Hence consecrare may be used in an absolute sense, but dedicare has always a reference to the new proprietors.
Conjugation conjugation 1
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | sacrō | sacrābam | sacrābō | sacrāvī | sacrāveram sacrāram | sacrāverō sacrārō |
| 2nd sg. | sacrās | sacrābās | sacrābis | sacrāvistī sacrāstī | sacrāverās sacrārās | sacrāveris sacrāris |
| 3rd sg. | sacrat | sacrābat | sacrābit | sacrāvit sacrāt | sacrāverat sacrārat | sacrāverit sacrārit |
| 1st pl. | sacrāmus | sacrābāmus | sacrābimus | sacrāvimus sacrāmus | sacrāverāmus sacrārāmus | sacrāverimus sacrārimus |
| 2nd pl. | sacrātis | sacrābātis | sacrābitis | sacrāvistis sacrāstis | sacrāverātis sacrārātis | sacrāveritis sacrāritis |
| 3rd pl. | sacrant | sacrābant | sacrābunt | sacrāvērunt sacrārunt, sacrāvēre | sacrāverant sacrārant | sacrāverint sacrārint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | sacrem | sacrārem | sacrāverim sacrārim | sacrāvissem sacrāssem |
| 2nd sg. | sacrēs | sacrārēs | sacrāverīs sacrārīs | sacrāvissēs sacrāssēs |
| 3rd sg. | sacret | sacrāret | sacrāverit sacrārit | sacrāvisset sacrāsset |
| 1st pl. | sacrēmus | sacrārēmus | sacrāverīmus sacrārīmus | sacrāvissēmus sacrāssēmus |
| 2nd pl. | sacrētis | sacrārētis | sacrāverītis sacrārītis | sacrāvissētis sacrāssētis |
| 3rd pl. | sacrent | sacrārent | sacrāverint sacrārint | sacrāvissent sacrāssent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | sacror | sacrābar | sacrābor |
| 2nd sg. | sacrāris sacrāre | sacrābāris sacrābāre | sacrāberis sacrābere |
| 3rd sg. | sacrātur | sacrābātur | sacrābitur |
| 1st pl. | sacrāmur | sacrābāmur | sacrābimur |
| 2nd pl. | sacrāminī | sacrābāminī | sacrābiminī |
| 3rd pl. | sacrantur | sacrābantur | sacrābuntur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | sacrer | sacrārer |
| 2nd sg. | sacrēris sacrēre | sacrārēris sacrārēre |
| 3rd sg. | sacrētur | sacrārētur |
| 1st pl. | sacrēmur | sacrārēmur |
| 2nd pl. | sacrēminī | sacrārēminī |
| 3rd pl. | sacrentur | sacrārentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | sacrā | sacrāre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | sacrāte | sacrāminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | sacrātō | sacrātor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | sacrātō | sacrātor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | sacrātōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | sacrantō | sacrantor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | sacrāre | sacrārī |
| perfect infinitive | sacrāvisse sacrāsse | sacrātum esse |
| future infinitive | sacrātūrum esse | sacrātum īrī |
| present participle | sacrāns | — |
| perfect participle | — | sacrātus sacrāta, sacrātā, sacrātae, sacrātam, sacrātārum, sacrātās, sacrātī, sacrātōrum, sacrātōs |
| future participle | sacrātūrus sacrātūra, sacrātūrā, sacrātūrae, sacrātūram, sacrātūrārum, sacrātūrās, sacrātūre, sacrātūrī, sacrātūrīs, sacrātūrō, sacrātūrōrum, sacrātūrōs, sacrātūrum | sacrandus sacranda, sacrandā, sacrandae, sacrandam, sacrandārum, sacrandās, sacrande, sacrandīs, sacrandōrum, sacrandōs |
gerundsacrandī, sacrandō, sacrandumsupinesacrātum, sacrātū
să_cro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. sacer,
I. to declare or set apart as sacred; to consecrate, dedicate, or devote to a divinity (class.; cf. consecro).
I. Lit.:
ne quis agrum consecrato. Auri, argenti, eboris sacrandi modus esto, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22: eum praedam Veientanam publicando sacrandoque ad nihilum redegisse, ferociter increpant, Liv. 5, 25: (agrum) Cypriae, Ov. M. 10, 644: Capitolino Jovi donum ex auro, Suet. Tib. 53 fin.: (laurum) Phoebo, Verg. A. 7, 62: aras, id. ib. 5, 48: vigilem ignem, id. ib. 4, 200: votum immortale, id. ib. 8, 715: inter haec auream aquilam pinnis extendenti similem sacraverant, Curt. 3, 3, 16: templum, in quo Helena sacravit calicem ex electro, Plin. 33, 4, 23, § 81.—In part. perf.: duabus aris ibi Jovi et Soli sacratis cum immolasset, Liv. 40, 22: arae, Suet. Tib. 14: sacratas fide manus, Liv. 23, 9: sacrata Crotonis Ossa tegebat humus, Ov. M. 15, 55: rite pecudes, Verg. A. 12, 213: templum, id. ib. 2, 165 al. —2. With a bad accessory signif. (cf. sacer, II.), to devote or doom to destruction, to declare accursed, to condemn:
de sacrando cum bonis capite ejus, qui regni occupandi consilia inisset, gratae in vulgus leges fuere, Liv. 2, 8; cf.: caput Jovi, id. 10, 38.— B. Transf., in gen., to set apart, consecrate, devote, give, dedicate a thing to any one (poet. and rare):
quod patriae vocis studiis nobisque sacrasti, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 13, 22: hunc illi honorem Juppiter sacravit, Verg. A. 12, 141: tibi sacratum opus, Ov. Tr. 2, 552.—In a bad sense: injecere manum Parcae, telisque sacrarunt Evandri (Halaesum), Verg. A. 10, 419.—II. Meton.
1. To render sacred or inviolable by consecration; to hallow, consecrale:
hoc nemus aeterno cinerum sacravit honore Faenius, Mart. 1, 117, 1: foedus, quod in Capitolio sacratum fuisset, irritum per illos esse, that had been decreed inviolable, Liv. 38, 33; cf.: sanctiones sacrandae sunt genere ipso aut obtestatione legis, aut, etc., Cic. Balb. 14, 33: sacrata lex, a law whose violation was punished by devoting the offender to the infernal gods, id. Sest. 7, 16; id. Dom. 17, 43; Liv. 2, 33; 3, 17; 7, 41; 9, 39; 36, 38; cf.: sacratae leges sunt, quibus sanctum est, qui quid adversus eas fecerit, sacer alicui deorum sit cum familia pecuniaque, Fest. p. 318 Müll.—2. Of a deity, to hold sacred, to worship or honor as sacred:
haud frustra te patrem deum hominumque hac sede sacravimus, Liv. 8, 6: Vesta sacrata, Ov. M. 15, 864.—B. Transf., in gen., to render imperishable, to immortalize (rare):
aliquem Lesbio plectro, Hor. C. 1, 26, 11; cf.: miratur nihil, nisi quod Libitina sacravit, id. Ep. 2, 1, 49: vivit vigetque eloquentia ejus (Catonis), sacrata scriptis omnis generis, Liv. 39, 40: avum Sacrārunt carmina tuum, Ov. P. 4, 8, 64.—Hence, să_crātus, a, um, P. a., hallowed, consecrated, holy, sacred: sacrata jura parentum, Ov. M. 10, 321: jura Graiorum, Verg. A. 2, 157: vittae Sacrati capitis, id. ib. 3, 371: dux, i. e. Augustus, Ov. F. 2, 60; cf.: manus (Tiberii), id. ib. 1, 640: dies sacratior, Mart. 4, 1, 1: numen gentibus sacratissimum, Plin. 33, 4, 24, § 82: homines, devoted to the gods, Macr. S. 3, 7; Aug. Civ. Dei, 2, 26.—At a later per., Sacratissimus, an epithet of the emperors, Most Worshipful, Dig. 38, 17, 9; Mamert. Pan. ad Maxim. 1 et saep.—Adv.: să_-crātē, in eccl. Lat., 1. Holily, piously:
vivere, Aug. Ep. 22 fin.—2. Mysteriously, mystically, Aug. Doctr. Chr. 2, 16.
Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
sacrō āvī, ātus, āre
sacer, to set apart as sacred, consecrate, dedicate, devote : agrum: praedam, L.: (laurum) Phoebo, V.: aras, V.: votum inmortale, V.: auream aquilam, Cu.: sacratas fide manūs, L.: sacrata Crotonis Ossa, O.: templum, V.— To devote, doom, declare accursed, condemn : de sacrando cum bonis capite eius leges, L.— To set apart, consecrate, devote, give, dedicate : quod patriae vacat, id studiis nobisque sacrasti, C. poët.: tibi sacratum opus, O.: Parcae telis sacrarunt Evandri (Halaesum), devote , V.— To render sacred, hallow, consecrate : foedus in Capitolio sacratum, declared inviolable , L.: cum sacratis legibus sanctum esset, ut, etc., by laws whose violation is followed by a curse : sacrata lex, a law under the protection of the gods , L.— To hold sacred, worship as sacred : patrem deūm hominumque hac sede, L.: Vesta sacrata, O.— To render imperishable, immortalize : quod Libitina sacravit, H.: eloquentia eius sacrata scriptis omnis generis, L.: avum Sacrarunt carmina tuum, O.
Origins
From Proto-Italic *sakrāō. By surface analysis, sacer (“sacred, holy, sacrificial, doomed”) + -ō.
Inherited forms
- Catalansagrar
- Italiansacrare
- Portuguesesagrar
- Spanishsagrar
- Old Occitansagrar
Borrowings
- Englishsacrate
- Albanianshëkroj
- Bretonsakrifrom Old French sacrer
- Middle Dutchsacrerenfrom Old French sacrer
- Middle Englishsacrefrom Old French sacrer
- Middle High Germansacrierenfrom Old French sacrer
- Old Occitansacrar