verbthird (-iō variant) conjugation
perficiō
perficiō (present infinitive perficere, perfect active perfēcī, supine perfectum)
Classical[pɛrˈfɪ.ki.oː]Ecclesiastical[perˈfiː.t͡ʃi.o]
Mille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- to finish, complete
Prorogatum et M. Marcello, ut pro consule in Sicilia reliqua belli perficeret eo exercitu quem haberet: […]
And the military command of Marcus Marcellus was also extended, so that he could finish the rest of the war in Sicily as proconsul with his army which he held […]27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita 26.1 - to perfect
- to carry out, execute, perform
- to achieve, accomplish
- broadlyto bring about, cause, effect
- vulgarto finish; to come to completion (to ejaculate)
Capitol. Max. 4, 7.
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
ad fīnem faciō; nāvis perfecta est.perficiō -ere -fēcī — in Mille Verba, Nāvāle
ad fīnem dūcōperficiō -ere — in IVLIANVS I: Gallia, ch. 11, 18
ad fīnem faciōperficiō -ere, perfēcī — in IVLIANVS I: Gallia, ch. 8
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Finire · Terminare · Consummare · Absolvere · Perficere
Finire and terminare denote the mere ending of anything, without regard to how far the object of the undertaking is advanced; finire (φθίνειν?) to end, in opp. to incipere, Cic. Orat. iii. 59; but terminare, to make an end, in opp. to continuare; whereas consummare, absolvere, and perficere denote the completion of a work; consummare, as the most general term in opp. to doing a thing by halves; absolvere refers to a duty fulfilled, and a difficult work which is now done, and leaves the workman free, in opp. to inchoare; perficere refers to an end attained, and a self-chosen task, which is now done, and may be called complete, in opp. to conari. Cic. Orat. 29, 30. Verr. i. 27. Absolutus also has an extensive signification, and refers to the completeness of the work, like ἐντελής; perfectus, an intensive signification, and refers to the excellence of the work, like τέλεῖος. (iv. 366.)
Conjugation
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | perficiō | perficiēbam | perficiam | perfēcī | perfēceram | perfēcerō |
| 2nd sg. | perficis | perficiēbās | perficiēs | perfēcistī | perfēcerās | perfēceris |
| 3rd sg. | perficit | perficiēbat | perficiet | perfēcit | perfēcerat | perfēcerit |
| 1st pl. | perficimus | perficiēbāmus | perficiēmus | perfēcimus | perfēcerāmus | perfēcerimus |
| 2nd pl. | perficitis | perficiēbātis | perficiētis | perfēcistis | perfēcerātis | perfēceritis |
| 3rd pl. | perficiunt | perficiēbant | perficient | perfēcērunt perfēcēre | perfēcerant | perfēcerint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | perficiam | perficerem | perfēcerim | perfēcissem |
| 2nd sg. | perficiās | perficerēs | perfēcerīs | perfēcissēs |
| 3rd sg. | perficiat | perficeret | perfēcerit | perfēcisset |
| 1st pl. | perficiāmus | perficerēmus | perfēcerīmus | perfēcissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | perficiātis | perficerētis | perfēcerītis | perfēcissētis |
| 3rd pl. | perficiant | perficerent | perfēcerint | perfēcissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | perficior | perficiēbar | perficiar |
| 2nd sg. | perficeris perficere | perficiēbāris perficiēbāre | perficiēris perficiēre |
| 3rd sg. | perficitur | perficiēbātur | perficiētur |
| 1st pl. | perficimur | perficiēbāmur | perficiēmur |
| 2nd pl. | perficiminī | perficiēbāminī | perficiēminī |
| 3rd pl. | perficiuntur | perficiēbantur | perficientur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | perficiar | perficerer |
| 2nd sg. | perficiāris perficiāre | perficerēris perficerēre |
| 3rd sg. | perficiātur | perficerētur |
| 1st pl. | perficiāmur | perficerēmur |
| 2nd pl. | perficiāminī | perficerēminī |
| 3rd pl. | perficiantur | perficerentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | perfice | perficere |
| pres. 2nd pl. | perficite | perficiminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | perficitō | perficitor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | perficitō | perficitor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | perficitōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | perficiuntō | perficiuntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | perficere | perficī |
| perfect infinitive | perfēcisse | perfectum esse |
| future infinitive | perfectūrum esse | perfectum īrī |
| present participle | perficiēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | perfectus |
| future participle | perfectūrus perfectūra, perfectūrā, perfectūrae, perfectūram, perfectūrārum, perfectūrās, perfectūre, perfectūrī, perfectūrīs, perfectūrō, perfectūrōrum, perfectūrōs, perfectūrum | perficiendus perficiundus |
gerundperficiendī, perficiendō, perficiendumsupineperfectum, perfectū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- absolutus et perfectus
- absolutely perfect.
- perficere et absolvere
- to bring to the highest perfection.
- bellum conficere, perficere
- to terminate a war (by force of arms and defeat of one's opponents).
- artis opus; opus arte factum or perfectum
- a work of art.
per-fĭcĭo, fēci, fectum, 3, v. a. facio,
I. to achieve, execute, carry out, accomplish, perform, despatch, bring to an end or conclusion, finish, complete (class.; syn.: absolvo, conficio, exsequor).
I. Lit.:
comitiis perficiendis undecim dies tribuit, Caes. B. C. 3, 2: iis comitiis perfectis, Liv. 24, 43, 9: bellum, id. 22, 38, 7: aliquid absolvi et perfici, Cic. N. D. 2, 13, 35: multa, id. Or. 30, 105: scelus, to perpetrate, id. Clu. 68, 194: cogitata, id. Deiot. 7, 21: instituta, id. Div. 2, 5: poëma, id. Q. Fr. 2, 8: conata, Caes. B. G. 1, 3: nihil est simul et inventum et perfectum, Cic. Brut. 18, 71: centum annos, to complete, live, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 39.—So of commissions, orders, to execute: munus, Verg. A. 6, 629; 6, 637; Cic. Fam. 6, 7: jussa, Val. Fl. 7, 61: mandata, Sil. 13, 343.— II. Transf.
A. To bring to completion, finish, perfect (opp. inchoare):
candelabrum perfectum e gemmis clarissimis, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 28, § 64: murum, Liv. 25, 11: loricam, Sil. 2, 403: aedem, Suet. Aug. 60: cibos ambulatione, to digest, Plin. 11, 53, 118, § 283: cucumeres, id. 19, 5, 23, § 65: coria, to dress or curry, id. 23, 1, 16, § 22: lanas, id. 35, 15, 52, § 190: minium, id. 33, 7, 40, § 118.—B. To make perfect, to perfect:
aliquem citharā, Ov. A. A. 1, 11: expleta et perfecta forma honestatis, Cic. Fin. 2, 15, 48: artem, Suet. Ner. 41.—C. To bring about, to cause, effect; with ut, Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 24; Cic. Agr. 1, 9, 127:
perfice ut putem, convince me, id. Tusc. 1, 8, 15; id. Fam. 11, 27, 2: eloquentia perfecit, ut, etc., Nep. Ep. 6, 4.—With ne and subj.: omnia perfecit, quae senatus salvā re publicā ne fieri possent perfecerat, Cic. Phil. 2, 22, 55. —D. In mal. part., = ἐνεργεῖν, Mart. 3, 79, 2; cf. Ov. A. A. 1, 389; Capitol. Max. 4, 7.— perfectus, a, um, P. a., finished, complete, perfect, excellent, exquisite (class.).
A. Of persons:
oratorem plenum atque perfectum esse, etc., Cic. de Or. 1, 13, 59: homines in dicendo, id. ib. 1, 13, 58: perfectis et absoluti philosophi, id. Div. 2, 72, 150: homines, id. Off. 1, 15, 46; id. Brut. 30, 114: in geometriā, id. Fin. 1, 6, 20: in arte, Ov. A. A. 2, 547.—In a religious sense, righteous (eccl. Lat.): cor perfectum, Vulg. 3 Reg. 11, 4; id. Matt. 5, 48.—Perfectissimus, a title of honor under the later emperors, Cod. Const. 12, tit. 33; Am. 21, 16 init.; Lact. 5, 14, 18.—B. Of inanim. and abstr. things:
naturae, Cic. N. D. 2, 12, 33: ratio, id. ib. 13, 34: pulchriora etiam Polycliti et iam plane perfecta (signa), id. Brut. 18, 70: perfectum atque absolutum officium, id. Off. 3, 3, 14: perfecta cumulataque virtus, id. Sest. 40, 86: aetas, full or ripe age, the age of fiveand-twenty, Dig. 4, 4, 32 init.—Comp.: valvae perfectiores, Cic. Verr. 2, 56: aliquid perfectius, id. de Or. 1, 2, 5; id. Brut. 18, 69; Hor. Epod. 5, 59; Quint. 12, 1, 21: ad perfectiora, Vulg. Heb. 6, 1.—Sup.: quod ego summum et perfectissimum judicem, Cic. Or. 1, 3; 15, 47; id. Brut. 31, 118; Juv. 2, 5.—Adv.: perfectē, fully, completely, perfectly (class.): eruditus, Cic. Brut. 81, 282; id. de Or. 1, 28, 130: veritatem imitari, id. Div. 1, 13, 23.—Comp., App. Flor. p. 357, 1; Tert. Apol. 45.—Sup., Gell. 11, 16 fin.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
perficiō fēcī, fectus, ere
per+facio, to achieve, execute, carry out, accomplish, perform, despatch, bring about, bring to an end, finish, complete : comitiis perficiendis undecim dies tribuit, Cs.: iis comitiis perfectis, L.: scelus, perpetrate : nihil est simul et inventum et perfectum: centum annos, live through , H.: munus, execute , V.— To bring to completion, finish, perfect : candelabrum perfectum e gemmis clarissimis: in perficiendo muro adiuvare, L.— To make perfect, perfect : citharā Achillem, O.— To bring about, cause, effect : perfice hoc, ut haeream, etc., T.: perfice ut putem, convince me : eloquentia perfecit, ut, etc., N.: omnia perfecit, quae senatus salvā re p. ne fieri possent perfecerat: illud non perficies, quo minus, etc.
Origins
Proto-Indo-European *per-der. Proto-Italic *peri- Latin per- Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁k- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₁kyéti Proto-Italic *θakjō Proto-Italic *fakjō Latin faciō Latin perficiō From per- (“through, along; during”) + faciō (“do, make”).
Descendants
- Frenchparfaire
- Italianperfare
- Portugueseperfazer
- Englishperfect
- Asturianperfacer