verbfirst conjugation
ligō1
ligō (present infinitive ligāre, perfect active ligāvī, supine ligātum)
Classical[ˈlɪ.ɡoː]Ecclesiastical[ˈliː.ɡo]
Meaning
- to tie, bind
- to bandage, wrap around
- to unite
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
vinciō, adstringōligō -āre — in Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 16
vinciō, catēnīs teneōligō -āre — in Evangelium secundum Marcum, ch. 8, 17
mattock
ligō -ōnis (m) — in De Bello Gallico III
tied
līgātus — in Seneca, ch. IV
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Ligare · Viere · Vincire · Nectere · Obligare · Obstringere · Devincire
1. Ligare and viere denote to bind, in order to prevent things falling asunder, synonymously with copulare, like δέειν; whereas vincire and nectere mean to fetter, in order to hinder free movement, synonymously with coercere, like δεσμεύειν. 2. Ligare is the general, viere (ὀχεῖν) the technical expression for binding fast, etc. 3. Obligare means to oblige by acts of kindness; obstringere, to oblige by benefits; devincire, to rivet to one’s self by a lasting intimate connection. The obligatus feels himself bound by the conventional duties of social life; the obstrictus, by the duties of morality or religion; the devinctus, by the duties of piety. (iv. 282.)
Conjugation conjugation 1
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | ligō | ligābam | ligābō | ligāvī | ligāveram | ligāverō ligārō |
| 2nd sg. | ligās | ligābās | ligābis | ligāvistī ligāstī | ligāverās ligārās | ligāveris |
| 3rd sg. | ligat | ligābat | ligābit | ligāvit | ligāverat ligārat | ligāverit ligārit |
| 1st pl. | ligāmus | ligābāmus | ligābimus | ligāvimus | ligāverāmus | ligāverimus ligārimus |
| 2nd pl. | ligātis | ligābātis | ligābitis | ligāvistis ligāstis | ligāverātis ligārātis | ligāveritis ligāritis |
| 3rd pl. | ligant | ligābant | ligābunt | ligāvērunt ligāvēre, ligārunt | ligāverant ligārant | ligāverint ligārint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | ligem | ligārem | ligāverim ligārim | ligāvissem ligāssem |
| 2nd sg. | ligēs | ligārēs | ligāverīs | ligāvissēs ligāssēs |
| 3rd sg. | liget | ligāret | ligāverit ligārit | ligāvisset ligāsset |
| 1st pl. | ligēmus | ligārēmus | ligāverīmus ligārīmus | ligāvissēmus ligāssēmus |
| 2nd pl. | ligētis | ligārētis | ligāverītis ligārītis | ligāvissētis ligāssētis |
| 3rd pl. | ligent | ligārent | ligāverint ligārint | ligāvissent ligāssent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | ligor | ligābar | ligābor |
| 2nd sg. | ligāris ligāre | ligābāris ligābāre | ligāberis ligābere |
| 3rd sg. | ligātur | ligābātur | ligābitur |
| 1st pl. | ligāmur | ligābāmur | ligābimur |
| 2nd pl. | ligāminī | ligābāminī | ligābiminī |
| 3rd pl. | ligantur | ligābantur | ligābuntur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | liger | ligārer |
| 2nd sg. | ligēris ligēre | ligārēris ligārēre |
| 3rd sg. | ligētur | ligārētur |
| 1st pl. | ligēmur | ligārēmur |
| 2nd pl. | ligēminī | ligārēminī |
| 3rd pl. | ligentur | ligārentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | ligā | ligāre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | ligāte | ligāminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | ligātō | ligātor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | ligātō | ligātor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | ligātōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | ligantō | ligantor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | ligāre | ligārī |
| perfect infinitive | ligāvisse ligāsse | ligātum esse |
| future infinitive | ligātūrum esse | ligātum īrī |
| present participle | ligāns ligante, ligantem, ligantēs, ligantī, ligantia, ligantibus, ligantis, ligantīs, ligantium | — |
| perfect participle | — | ligātus ligāta, ligātā, ligātae, ligātam, ligātārum, ligātās, ligātī, ligātōrum, ligātōs |
| future participle | ligātūrus ligātūra, ligātūrā, ligātūrae, ligātūram, ligātūrārum, ligātūrās, ligātūre, ligātūrī, ligātūrīs, ligātūrō, ligātūrōrum, ligātūrōs, ligātūrum | ligandus liganda, ligandā, ligandae, ligandam, ligandārum, ligandās, ligande, ligandīs, ligandōrum, ligandōs |
gerundligandī, ligandō, ligandumsupineligātum, ligātū
lĭgo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. Gr. root λυγin λύγος, λυγόω,
I. to tie, bind, bind together, bind up, bandage, bind fast, etc. (syn.: vincio, destino; perh. only poet. and post-Aug. prose).
I. Lit.:
manus post terga ligatae, Ov. M. 3, 575: ligare et vincire crura et manus, Gell. 12, 3, 1: crus fasciā, Phaedr. 5, 7, 36: laqueo guttura, to tie up, Ov. M. 6, 134: vulnera veste, to bind up, bandage, id. ib. 7, 849: dum mula ligatur, is harnessed, Hor. S. 1, 5, 13: funem litoribus, Luc. 8, 61: sudarium circum collum, to bind around, Suet. Ner. 51: pisces in glacie ligatos, i. e. frozen fast, Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 49: nimbi ligati, i. e. ice, Petr. 123.—B. Transf., to wind round, to surround:
balteus loricam ligat, Val. Fl. 4, 94: digitosque ligat junctura, Ov. M. 2, 375; Sil. 7, 589.—2. To fix or fasten in:
igne cremato lapide caementa in tectis ligantur, Plin. 36, 27, 68, § 200.—II. Trop., to bind up, bind together, unite:
dissociata locis concordi pace ligavit, Ov. M. 1, 25: vinclo propiore cum aliquo ligari, id. ib. 9, 548: laqueo colla, id. P. 1, 6, 39.—B. To ratify, confirm:
pacta, Prop. 4 (5), 4, 82. conjugia artibus magicis, Sen. Herc. Oet. 452: argumenta in catenas, * Quint. 5, 14, 32.—Hence, P. a.: lĭgātus, a, um, connected with, adjoining: Tartari ripis ligatos squalidae mortis specus, Sen. Med. 742.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
ligō āvī, ātus, āre
2 LIG-, to tie, bind, bind together, bind up, bandage, bind fast : manūs post terga ligatae, O.: crus fasciā, Ph.: laqueo Guttura, O.: veste Volnera, bandage , O.: dum mula ligatur, is harnessed , H.: vinculo ligatus, in bonds , Ta.: ipsum spiris, enwind , V.: digitosque ligat iunctura, connects , O.—Fig., to bind up, bind together, unite : Dissociata locis concordi pace ligavit, O.: vinclo tecum propiore ligari, O.: pacta, i. e. conclude , Pr.
Origins
Probably a back-formation from the compound verbs, which likely emerged from an earlier third conjugation verb *ligō or *legō. The shift from the third to the first conjugation occurs in other compounds, such as capiō beside occupō. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *leyǵ- (“to bind”).
Insular Romance
- Sardinianliai
- Sardinianliare
- Sardinianligai
- Sardinianligare
Borrowings
- Englishleague
- Englishligate
- Portugueseligar
- Spanishligar
- Norwegian Bokmållegere
- Norwegian Nynorsklegere
- Swedishlegera
Italo-Romance
- Italianlegare
- Germanlegierenfrom Italian legare
- Dutchlegerenfrom Italian legare
- Sicilianligari
- Sicilianlijari
Gallo-Romance
- Catalanlligar
- Occitanligar
- Franco-Provençalliyér
- Old Frenchlier
Balkan Romance
- Romanianlega
- Aromanianleg
Ibero-Romance
- Spanishlegarfrom Old Spanish legar
- Asturianlligarfrom Old Leonese ligar*
- Asturianenlligarfrom Old Leonese ligar*
- Old Galician-Portugueselegar
Dalmatian
- unknownligur
Padanian
- Friulianleâ
- Ladinlier
- Romanshliar
- Romanshligiar
- Romanshliear
- Romanshlier
- Romagnollighêr
- Venetanłigar
- Venetanligar