verbthird conjugation
iungō
iungō (present infinitive iungere, perfect active iūnxī, supine iūnctum)
Classical[ˈjʊŋ.ɡoː]Ecclesiastical[ˈjuŋ.ɡo]
№ 513 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- to join, unite, fasten, yoke, harness, attach; esp. of the hand: to clasp, join
[...] Ipse ante aliōs pulcherrimus omnis
[The Trojan leader] himself, before all others, most handsome — Aeneas comes forward as [Dido’s] companion, and also unites [their combined] ranks. (Symbolic of personal, civic and military alliances as Dido and Aeneas, Carthaginians and Trojans, join in regal formation for the hunt.)29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.141-142 - of a treaty or agreement: to join, unite, make; of marriage: to join, unite
“[...] cōnūbiō iungam stabilī propriamque dicābō: / hīc hymenaeus erit.” [...].”
“I [Juno] will join [Dido and Aeneas] in lasting marriage, and dedicate her as his own [bride]: there [in a cave] will be their wedding.” (Note that Aeneid 4.126 is a repeat of line 1.73.)29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.126-127 - with dativeto take, govern (a case)
In et sub quandō accūsātīvō cāsuī iunguntur? Quandō vel nōs vel quōslibet in locum īre, īsse, itūrōs esse significāmus.
In and sub, when do they take the accusative case? When we mean to say that we or others have gone, go or will go into a place.4th century CE, Donatus, Ars Minor
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
duo in ūnum pōnō; duo ligna iungit.iungō -ere iūnxī — in Mille Verba, Nāvāle
ūnum cum alterō cōnectōjoin
iungō -ere — in De Bello Gallico I, ch. 6 and De Bello Gallico III, ch. 12
Conjugation conjugation 3
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | iungō | iungēbam | iungam | iūnxī | iūnxeram | iūnxerō |
| 2nd sg. | iungis | iungēbās | iungēs | iūnxistī | iūnxerās | iūnxeris |
| 3rd sg. | iungit | iungēbat | iunget | iūnxit | iūnxerat | iūnxerit |
| 1st pl. | iungimus | iungēbāmus | iungēmus | iūnximus | iūnxerāmus | iūnxerimus |
| 2nd pl. | iungitis | iungēbātis | iungētis | iūnxistis | iūnxerātis | iūnxeritis |
| 3rd pl. | iungunt | iungēbant | iungent | iūnxērunt iūnxēre | iūnxerant | iūnxerint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | iungam | iungerem | iūnxerim | iūnxissem |
| 2nd sg. | iungās | iungerēs | iūnxerīs | iūnxissēs |
| 3rd sg. | iungat | iungeret | iūnxerit | iūnxisset |
| 1st pl. | iungāmus | iungerēmus | iūnxerīmus | iūnxissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | iungātis | iungerētis | iūnxerītis | iūnxissētis |
| 3rd pl. | iungant | iungerent | iūnxerint | iūnxissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | iungor | iungēbar | iungar |
| 2nd sg. | iungeris iungere | iungēbāris iungēbāre | iungēris iungēre |
| 3rd sg. | iungitur | iungēbātur | iungētur |
| 1st pl. | iungimur | iungēbāmur | iungēmur |
| 2nd pl. | iungiminī | iungēbāminī | iungēminī |
| 3rd pl. | iunguntur | iungēbantur | iungentur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | iungar | iungerer |
| 2nd sg. | iungāris iungāre | iungerēris iungerēre |
| 3rd sg. | iungātur | iungerētur |
| 1st pl. | iungāmur | iungerēmur |
| 2nd pl. | iungāminī | iungerēminī |
| 3rd pl. | iungantur | iungerentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | iunge | iungere |
| pres. 2nd pl. | iungite | iungiminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | iungitō | iungitor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | iungitō | iungitor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | iungitōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | iunguntō | iunguntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | iungere | iungī |
| perfect infinitive | iūnxisse | iūnctum esse |
| future infinitive | iūnctūrum esse | iūnctum īrī |
| present participle | iungēns iungente, iungentem, iungentēs, iungentī, iungentia, iungentibus, iungentis, iungentīs, iungentium | — |
| perfect participle | — | iūnctus iūncta, iūnctā, iūnctae, iūnctam, iūnctārum, iūnctās, iūncte, iūnctī, iūnctīs, iūnctō, iūnctōrum, iūnctōs |
| future participle | iūnctūrus iūnctūra, iūnctūrā, jūnctūra, jūnctūrā, iūnctūrae, jūnctūrae, iūnctūram, jūnctūram, iūnctūrārum, jūnctūrārum, iūnctūrās, jūnctūrās, iūnctūre, jūnctūre, iūnctūrī, jūnctūrī, iūnctūrīs, jūnctūrīs, iūnctūrō, jūnctūrō, iūnctūrōrum, jūnctūrōrum, iūnctūrōs, jūnctūrōs, iūnctūrum, jūnctūrum | iungendus iungundus, jungenda, jungendā, jungendae, jungendam, jungendārum, jungendās, jungende, jungendīs, jungendōrum, jungendōs |
gerundiungendī, iungendō, iungendumsupineiūnctum, iūnctū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- flumen ponte iungere
- to build a bridge over a river.
- castra coniungere, iungere (B. C. 1. 63)
- to make a camp in common.
- hospitium cum aliquo facere, (con-)iungere
- to become a friend and guest of a person.
- dextram iungere cum aliquo, dextras inter se iungere
- to shake hands with a person.
- amicitiam cum aliquo jungere, facere, inire, contrahere
- to form a friendship with any one.
- copias (arma) cum aliquo iungere or se cum aliquo iungere
- to join forces with some one.
jungo, nxi, nctum, 3, v. a. Sanscr. jug, junagmi, to unite; juk, joined; Goth. juk; O. H. Germ. joh, joch; Gr. ζυγ, ζεύγνυμι, ζυγός, ζυγόν,
I. to join or unite together, connect, attach, fasten, yoke, harness.
I. Lit.
A. In gen.
1. With acc.:
Narcissum et florem anethi, Verg. E. 2, 48: pontes et propugnacula, id. A. 9, 170: nemoris carentia sensu robora, Claud. B. G. 17: gradus, to close the ranks, Sil. 4, 372: montes, to heap up, Val. Fl. 1, 198: ostia, to shut, Juv. 9, 105; cf.: junctas quatere fenestras, Hor. C. 1, 25, 1: oscula, to exchange, Ov. M. 2, 357; cf. id. Am. 2, 5, 59; Petr. 67: da jungere dextram, to clasp, Verg. A. 6, 697: cur dextrae jungere dextram non datur, id. ib. 1, 408; cf.: quas junximus hospitio dextras, id. ib. 3, 83; 11, 165: duos sinus, Plin. 5, 29, 31, § 116: juncto ponte milites transmittit, Tac. A. 1, 49.—So with abl. of means or manner: Ticinum ponte, to span, Liv. 21, 45, 1: amnem ponte, Plin. 5, 24, 21, § 86: ratibus flumen, to bridge, Liv. 21, 47, 2; cf.: qui biduo vix locum rate jungendo flumini inventum tradunt, id. 21, 47, 6: eo omnia vallo et fossa, id. 38, 4, 6: plumbum nigrum albo, Plin. 33, 5, 30, § 94; cf.: nam calamus cera jungitur, Tib. 2, 5, 32: illos defendit numerus junctaeque umbone phalanges, Juv. 2, 46: erga juncta est mihi foedere dextra, Verg. A. 8, 169: Pompei acies junxerat in seriem nexis umbonibus arma, Luc. 7, 453. —2. With dat. of indir. object:
hoc opus ad turrim hostium admovent, ut aedificio jungatur, Caes. B. C. 2, 10 fin.: humano capiti cervicem equinam, Hor. A. P. 2: mortua corpora vivis, Verg. A. 8, 485; cf.: his tignis contraria duo juncta, Caes. B. G. 3, 17, 5: se Romanis, Liv. 24, 49, 1: exercitum sibi, Vell. 2, 80, 1: socia arma Rutulis, Liv. 1, 2, 3: victores Germani juncturi se Pannoniis, Suet. Tib. 17: cervicem meam amplexui, Petr. 86 dub. (Büch., vinxit amplexu): dextra dextrae jungitur, Ov. M. 6, 447; cf. Verg. A. 1, 408 supra: aeri aes plumbo fit uti jungatur ab albo, Lucr. 6, 1079: juncta est vena arteriis, Cels. 2, 10: Comius incensum calcaribus equum jungit equo Quadrati, drives against, Hirt. B. G. 8, 48.—3. With inter se:
tigna bina inter se, Caes. B. G. 3, 17, 3: maxime autem corpora inter se juncta permanent, cum, etc., Cic. N. D. 2, 45, 115: disparibus calamis inter se junctis, Ov. M. 1, 712: saltus duo alti inter se juncti, Liv. 9, 2, 7.—4. With cum:
cum Bruto Cassioque vires suas, Vell. 2, 65, 1: legiones se cum Caesare juncturae, id. 2, 110, 1: erat cum pede pes junctus, Ov. M. 9, 44: lecto mecum junctus in uno, id. H. 13, 117: digitis medio cum pollice junctis, id. F. 5, 433: lingua cum subjecta parte juncta est, Cels. 7, 12, 4.—B. Esp.
1. To harness, yoke, attach.
(a). Of animals: angues ingentes alites juncti jugo, Pac. ap. Cic. Inv. 1, 19, 27 (Trag. v. 397 Rib.):
junge pares, i. e. in pairs, Verg. G. 3, 169; Grat. Cyneg. 263: nec jungere tauros norant, Verg. A. 8, 316: currus et quatuor equos, id. G. 3, 114: grypes equis, id. E. 8, 27 Forbig.: curru jungit Halaesus Equos, id. A. 7, 724: leones ad currum, Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 54: mulis e proximo pistrino ad vehiculum junctis, Suet. Caes. 31.—(b). Of a vehicle (rare):
reda equis juncta, Cic. Att. 6, 1, 25: neve (mulier) juncto vehiculo veheretur, Liv. 34, 1, 3: juncta vehicula, pleraque onusta, mille admodum capiuntur, id. 42, 65, 3. —2. Of wounds, etc., to join, bring together, unite, heal:
ego vulnera doctum jungere Etiona petam, Stat. Th. 10, 733: parotidas suppuratas, Scrib. Comp. 206: oras (tumoris), Cels. 7, 17, 1: oras vulneris, id. 5, 4, 23 al.—3. Of lands, territories, etc.:
juncta pharetratis Sarmatis ora Getis, adjoining, Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 110; cf.: juncta Aquilonibus Arctos, id. M. 2, 132: quibus (campis) junctae paludes erant, Front. Strat. 2, 5, 6; Vell. 2, 110, 4: fundos Apuliae, to add, join to, Petr. 77: longos jungere fines agrorum, Luc. 1, 167.—4. To connect in time, cause to follow immediately:
cum diei noctem pervigilem junxisset, Just. 12, 13, 7: somnum morti, Petr. 79: vidit hic annus Ventidium consularem praetextam jungentem praetoriae, Vell. 2, 65, 3: nulla natio tam mature consino belli bellum junxit, id. 2, 110, 5: junge, puer, cyathos, atque enumerare labora, Stat. S. 1, 5, 10: laborem difficilius est repetere quam jungere, to resume than to continue, Plin. Ep. 4, 9, 10.—So of pronunciation: si jungas (opp. interpunctis quibusdam), Quint. 9, 4, 108.—5. Milit. t. t., of troops, an army, etc., to join, unite:
cum juncti essent, Liv. 25, 35; 25, 37: exercitum Pompei sibi, Vell. 2, 80, 1: junctis exercitious, Vell. 2, 113, 1: cum collegae se junxisset, Front. Strat. 1, 1, 9; so, exercitum, id. ib. 1, 2, 9: Ajacem naves suas Atheniensibus junxisse, Quint. 5, 11, 40.— 6. To add, give in addition:
commoda praeterea jungentur multa caducis, Juv. 9, 89.—7. In mal. part.:
corpora, Ov. M. 10, 464: turpia corpora, id. H. 9, 134: tu mihi juncta toro, id. F. 3, 511; id. R. Am. 408: si jungitur ulla Ursidio, Juv. 6, 41; 6, 448; cf. Venerem, Tib. 1, 9, 76; Ov. H. 353; id. R. Am. 407.II. Transf.
A. In gen., of abstract things, to bring together, join, unite:
cum hominibus nostris consuetudines, amicitias, res rationesque jungebat, Cic. Deiot. 9, 27: omnem naturam, quae non solitaria sit ... sed cum alio juncta atque conexa, etc., id. N. D. 2, 11, 29: an virtus et voluptas inter se jungi copularique possint, id. de Or. 1, 51, 122: sapientiam junctam habere eloquentiae, id. ib. 3, 35, 142: indignationem conquestioni, id. Inv. 2, 11, 36: insignis improbitas et scelere juncta, id. de Or. 2, 58, 237: plura crimina junguntur, are combined, Quint. 4, 4, 5.—B. Esp.
1. Of persons, to join, unite, bring together, associate, in love, marriage, relationship, etc.:
cum impari, Liv. 1, 46: cum pare, Ov. F. 4, 98: alicujus filiam secum matrimonio, Curt. 5, 3, 12: si tibi legitimis pactam junctamque tabellis non es amaturus, Juv. 6, 200: juncta puella viro, Ov. A. A. 1, 682; id. Tr. 2, 284. —Of animals, etc.: Appulis jungentur capreae lupis, Hor. C. 1, 33, 8: variis albae junguntur columbac, Ov. H. 15, 37: unaque nos sibi operā amicos junget, Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 32: ut quos certus amor junxit, Ov. M. 4, 156: amicos, Hor. S. 1, 3, 54: Geminum mecum tua in me beneficia junxerunt, Plin. Ep. 10, 26, 1: puer puero junctus amicitia, Ov. P. 4, 3, 12.—Esp., of a treaty, alliance, etc.: si populus Romanus foedere jungeretur regi, Liv. 26, 24; Just. 15, 4, 24. —2. Of things, to make by joining, enter into:
pacem cum Aenea, deinde adfinitatem, Liv. 1, 1: nova foedera, id. 7, 30: cum Hispanis amicitiam, Just. 43, 5, 3: societatem cum eo metu potentiae ejus, id. 22, 2, 6: foedus cum eo amicitiamque, Liv. 24, 48; 23, 33: juncta societas Hannibali, id. 24, 6: foedera, id. 7, 30: jungendae societatis gratia, Just. 20, 4, 2.—3. Of words, etc., to join, unite.
(a). Esp., gram. t. t.: verba jungere, to make by joining, to compound:
jungitur verbum ex corrupto et integro, ut malevolus, Quint. 1, 5, 68: in jungendo aut in derivando, id. 8, 3, 31; so, juncta verba, Cic. Or. 56, 186; id. Part. Or. 15, 53.—(b). To connect so as to sound agreeably:
quantum interest ... verba eadem qua compositione vel in textu jungantur vel in fine claudantur, Quint. 9, 4, 15.—Hence, P. a.: junc-tus, a, um, joined, united, connected, associated: in opere male juncto, Quint. 12, 9, 17.—Comp.: causa fuit propior et cum exitu junctior, Cic. Fat. 16, 36.—Sup.: junctissimus illi comes, most attached, Ov. M. 5, 69: principum prosperis et alii fruantur: adversae ad junctissimos pertineant, their nearest of kin, Tac. H. 4, 52.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
iungō ūnxī, ūnctus, ere
IV-, to join together, unite, connect, attach, fasten, yoke, harness: Narcissum et florem anethi, V.: ostia, shut, Iu.: iunctas quatere fenestras, H.: oscula, exchange, O.: da iungere dextram, clasp, V.: Ticinum ponte, span, L.: ratibus flumen, bridge, L.: iunctae umbone phalanges, Iu.: pontīs et propugnacula, i. e. connect the bulwarks by bridges, V.: hoc opus ut aedificio iungatur, Cs.: Humano capiti cervicem equinam, H.: mortua corpora vivis, V.: se Romanis, L.: Ne castris iungant (i. e. se), V.: tigna bina inter se, Cs.: corpora inter se iuncta: erat cum pede pes iunctus, O.: digitis medio cum pollice iunctis, O.—To harness, yoke, attach: angues ingentes alites iuncti iugo, Pac. ap. C.: iunge pares, i. e. in pairs, V.: grypes equis, V.: curru Equos, to the car, V.: raeda equis iuncta: iuncta vehicula mille, L.—In P. pass., adjoining, continuous with: iuncta pharetratis Sarmatis ora Getis, O.—Of troops, etc., to join, unite: cum fratre copias, L.: agmina, V.— To add, give in addition: Commoda praeterea iungentur multa caducis, Iu.—To make by joining: camera lapideis fornicibus iuncta, built with, S.—To bring together, join, unite: cum hominibus consuetudines: an virtus et voluptas inter se iungi possint.—Of persons, to join, unite, bring together, associate, attach, ally: nos sibi amicos, T.: se tecum omni scelere: se Romanis, make an alliance with, L.: (eam) conubio, give in marriage, V.: me sibi, marry, V.: variis albae iunguntur columbae, O.: si populus R. foedere iungeretur regi, L.: hospitio cum iungeret absens (i. e. se), V.—To make by joining, enter into: cum hominibus amicitias: societatem cum populo R., L.—Of words, to join, unite, make by joining, compound: iuncta verba: carmina, compose, V.
Origins
From Proto-Italic *jungō, from Proto-Indo-European *yunégti ~ *yungénti, from the root *yewg-. The perfect stem must have been innovated, potentially as a replacement for an original PIE root aorist. The participle might have emerged from an earlier pre-form *yugtós, which would then have been modified by the introduction of the nasal from the root, thus becoming *iung-tos. The subsequent lengthening of the u-vowel is a regular phonological development. Compare Latin sānctus.
Descendants
- Catalanjunyir
- Catalanjúnyer
- Frenchjoindrefrom Old French joindre
- Frenchjointfrom Old French joindre
- Frenchjointerfrom Old French joindre
- Englishjoinfrom Old French joindre
- Englishjointfrom Old French joindre
- Italiangiungere
- Occitanjónher
- Portuguesejungir
In English words that came into English from iungō
- jointiūnctus
- joiniungō
- conjunctionconiūnctiō
- junctioniūnctiō
- junketiuncta
- jostleiuxtā
- juntaiunctus
- adjunctadiunctus
- disjointdisiungō
- juxtapositioniuxtā
- conjoinconiungo
- enjoininiungo
- junctureiūnctūra
- adjoiningadiungō
- subjunctivesubiunctīvus
- adjoinadiungō
- disjoindisiungere
- joinderiungō
- adjunctionadjunctio
- conjunctconjunctus
- jointureiūnctūra
- interjunctioninterjunctus
- iniunctuminiunctum
- sejoinsejungere