verbfourth conjugation
fīniō
fīniō (present infinitive fīnīre, perfect active fīnīvī or fīniī, supine fīnītum)
Classical[ˈfiː.ni.oː]Ecclesiastical[ˈfiː.ni.o]
Mille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- to finish, terminate
- to set, appoint
- to limit, bound
- figurativelyto restrain
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
fīnem faciō; cursus ibi fīnītur.fīniō -īre -īvī — in Mille Verba, ch. Lūdī Puerōrum
ad fīnem dūcōfīniō -īre, fīnītum — in IVLIANVS I: Gallia, ch. 7
bound, limit
fīniō -īre — in De Bello Gallico III
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Finire · Terminare · Consummare · Absolvere · Perficere
Finire and terminare denote the mere ending of anything, without regard to how far the object of the undertaking is advanced; finire (φθίνειν?) to end, in opp. to incipere, Cic. Orat. iii. 59; but terminare, to make an end, in opp. to continuare; whereas consummare, absolvere, and perficere denote the completion of a work; consummare, as the most general term in opp. to doing a thing by halves; absolvere refers to a duty fulfilled, and a difficult work which is now done, and leaves the workman free, in opp. to inchoare; perficere refers to an end attained, and a self-chosen task, which is now done, and may be called complete, in opp. to conari. Cic. Orat. 29, 30. Verr. i. 27. Absolutus also has an extensive signification, and refers to the completeness of the work, like ἐντελής; perfectus, an intensive signification, and refers to the excellence of the work, like τέλεῖος. (iv. 366.)
Conjugation conjugation 4
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | fīniō | fīniēbam | fīniam | fīnīvī fīniī | fīnīveram fīnieram | fīnīverō fīnierō |
| 2nd sg. | fīnīs | fīniēbās | fīniēs | fīnīvistī fīniistī | fīnīverās fīnierās | fīnīveris fīnieris |
| 3rd sg. | fīnit | fīniēbat | fīniet | fīnīvit fīniit | fīnīverat fīnierat | fīnīverit fīnierit |
| 1st pl. | fīnīmus | fīniēbāmus | fīniēmus | fīnīvimus fīniimus | fīnīverāmus fīnierāmus | fīnīverimus fīnierimus |
| 2nd pl. | fīnītis | fīniēbātis | fīniētis | fīnīvistis fīniistis | fīnīverātis fīnierātis | fīnīveritis fīnieritis |
| 3rd pl. | fīniunt | fīniēbant | fīnient | fīnīvērunt fīnīvēre, fīniērunt, fīniēre | fīnīverant fīnierant | fīnīverint fīnierint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | fīniam | fīnīrem | fīnīverim fīnierim | fīnīvissem fīniissem |
| 2nd sg. | fīniās | fīnīrēs | fīnīverīs fīnierīs | fīnīvissēs fīniissēs |
| 3rd sg. | fīniat | fīnīret | fīnīverit fīnierit | fīnīvisset fīniisset, fīnīsset |
| 1st pl. | fīniāmus | fīnīrēmus | fīnīverīmus fīnierīmus | fīnīvissēmus fīniissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | fīniātis | fīnīrētis | fīnīverītis fīnierītis | fīnīvissētis fīniissētis |
| 3rd pl. | fīniant | fīnīrent | fīnīverint fīnierint | fīnīvissent fīniissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | fīnior | fīniēbar | fīniar |
| 2nd sg. | fīnīris fīnīre | fīniēbāris fīniēbāre | fīniēris fīniēre |
| 3rd sg. | fīnītur | fīniēbātur | fīniētur |
| 1st pl. | fīnīmur | fīniēbāmur | fīniēmur |
| 2nd pl. | fīnīminī | fīniēbāminī | fīniēminī |
| 3rd pl. | fīniuntur | fīniēbantur | fīnientur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | fīniar | fīnīrer |
| 2nd sg. | fīniāris fīniāre | fīnīrēris fīnīrēre |
| 3rd sg. | fīniātur | fīnīrētur |
| 1st pl. | fīniāmur | fīnīrēmur |
| 2nd pl. | fīniāminī | fīnīrēminī |
| 3rd pl. | fīniantur | fīnīrentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | fīnī | fīnīre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | fīnīte | fīnīminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | fīnītō | fīnītor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | fīnītō | fīnītor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | fīnītōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | fīniuntō | fīniuntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | fīnīre | fīnīrī |
| perfect infinitive | fīnīvisse fīniisse | fīnītum esse |
| future infinitive | fīnītūrum esse | fīnītum īrī |
| present participle | fīniēns fīniente, fīnientem, fīnientēs, fīnientī, fīnientia, fīnientibus, fīnientis, fīnientīs, fīnientium | — |
| perfect participle | — | fīnītus fīnīta, fīnītā, fīnītae, fīnītam, fīnītārum, fīnītās, fīnītī, fīnītōrum, fīnītōs |
| future participle | fīnītūrus fīnītūra, fīnītūrā, fīnītūrae, fīnītūram, fīnītūrārum, fīnītūrās, fīnītūre, fīnītūrī, fīnītūrīs, fīnītūrō, fīnītūrōrum, fīnītūrōs, fīnītūrum | fīniendus fīniundus, fīnienda, fīniendā, fīniendae, fīniendam, fīniendārum, fīniendās, fīniende, fīniendīs, fīniendōrum, fīniendōs |
gerundfīniendī, fīniendō, fīniendumsupinefīnītum, fīnītū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- inediā mori or vitam finire
- to starve oneself to death.
- orbis finiens (Div. 2. 44. 92)
- the horizon.
- belli finem facere, bellum finire
- to put an end to war.
fīnĭo, īvi or ĭi, ītum, 4, v. a. finis,
I. to limit, bound, enclose within boundaries (class.).
I. Lit.
A. In gen.:
populi Romani imperium Rhenum finire, Caes. B. G. 4, 16, 4: quo (jugo) Cappadocia finitur ab Armenia, Auct. B. Alex. 35, 5: Tmolus Sardibus hinc, illinc parvis finitur Hypaepis, Ov. M. 11, 152; Vell. 2, 126, 3: rem res finire videtur (followed by terminare), Lucr. 1, 998: riparum clausas margine finit aquas, Ov. F. 2, 222: signum animo, Liv. 1, 18, 8: in ore sita lingua est, finita dentibus, Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 149.—B. In partic.: finiens orbis or circulus, the horizon: illi orbes, qui aspectum nostrum definiunt, qui a Graecis ὁρίζοντες nominantur, a nobis finientes rectissime nominari possunt, Cic. Div. 2, 44, 92:
circulus, Sen. Q. N. 5, 17, 2.II. Trop.
A. To set bounds to, restrain, check:
equidem illud ipsum non nimium probo, philosophum loqui de cupiditatibus finiendis: an potest cupiditas finiri? Cic. Fin. 2, 9, 27; cf.: cupiditates satietate, id. ib. 2, 20, 64: deliberativas miror a quibusdam sola utilitate finitas, Quint. 3, 8, 1.—B. For definio, to prescribe, determine, fix, appoint, assign:
sepulcris novis finivit modum, Cic. Leg, 2, 26, 66: AD EAM REM RATIONE CVRSVS ANNVOS SACERDOTES FINIVNTO, id. ib. 2, 8, 20: spatia omnis temporis numero noctium, Caes. B. G. 6, 18, 2; cf.: Hercyniae silvae latitudo novem dierum iter patet; non enim aliter finiri potest, i. e. its extent cannot be described more accurately, id. ib. 6, 25, 1; so too is to be explained the disputed passage: hoc autem sphaerae genus, in quo solis et lunae motus inessent ... in illa sphaera solida non potuisse finiri, this sort of (movable) celestial globe ... could not be defined, marked out, on that solid globe (of Thales), Cic. Rep. 1, 14: locum, in quo dimicaturi essent, Liv. 42, 47, 5: ut si finias equum, genus est animal, species mortale, etc., Quint. 7, 3, 3; cf.: rhetorice finitur varie, id. 2, 15, 1: sit nobis orator is, qui a M. Catone finitur, id. 12, 1, 1; 12, 3, 40.—Pass. impers.: de pecunia finitur, Ne major causa ludorum consumeretur quam, etc., Liv. 40, 44, 10.—C. To put an end to, to finish, terminate:
bellum, Caes. B. C. 3, 51, 3; Curt. 3, 1, 9; Tac. A. 15, 17; Just. 16, 2, 8; Vell. 2, 17, 1: prandia nigris moris, Hor. S. 2, 4, 23: graves labores morte, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 115 (transl. from Eurip. πόνων πεπαυμένον): dolores morte, id. Fin. 1, 15, 49: tristitiam vitaeque labores molli mero, Hor. C. 1, 7, 17: labores, id. ib. 3, 4, 39; id. S. 1, 1, 93: dolores, id. ib. 2, 3, 263: studia, id. Ep. 2, 2, 104: amores, id. C. 1, 19, 4: sitim, id. Ep. 2, 2, 146: honores aequo animo, Vell. 2, 33, 3: vitam mihi ense, Ov. Tr. 3, 7, 49: vitam voluntariā morte, inediā, etc., Plin. 6, 19, 22, § 66; 8, 42, 64, § 157; so very rarely of a natural death: Valerianus in illo dedecore vitam finivit, Lact. Mort. Pers. 5, 6; cf. Tac. A. 1, 9; Sen. Ep. 66, 43: praecipitare te et finire, Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 3, 3: (Burrus) impedito meatu spiritum finiebat, Tac. A. 14, 51: animam, Ov. M. 7, 591: (distinctiones) interest sermonem finiant an sensum, Quint. 11, 3, 37; cf.: ut verbum acuto sono finiant, to pronounce with the accent on the last syllable, id. 1, 5, 25.—Pass., to come to an end, close, be ended, terminate: ut senten tiae verbis finiantur, end, close with verbs, Cic. de Or. 3, 49, 191; cf.: nec solum componentur verba ratione, sed etiam finientur, id. Or. 49, 164: Latinum (verbum), quod o et n litteris finiretur, non reperiebant, Quint. 1, 5, 60; cf. id. 1, 6, 14.— 2. In partic. (poet. and in post-Aug. prose), to come to an end, to cease.
a. To finish speaking, draw to a close, end:
finierat Paean, Ov. M. 1, 566; 13, 123; 14, 441; cf.: finiturus eram, sed, etc., id. A. A. 1, 755: ut semel finiam, Quint. 1, 12, 6; 8, 3, 55; cf.: denique, ut semel finiam, id. 9, 4, 138: 5, 13, 3; 11, 3, 59.—b. To come to one's end, to die:
sic fuit utilius finiri ipsi, Cic. poët. Tusc. 1, 48, 115: sic Tiberius finivit octavo et septuagesimo aetatis anno, Tac. A. 6, 50 fin.; for which, in pass.: qui morbo finiuntur, Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 2: Seleucus quoque iisdem ferme diebus finitur, Just. 27, 3, 12; cf.: finita Juliorum domo, become extinct, Tac. H. 1, 16.—Hence, fīnītus, a, um, P. a. In rhetor., of words, that terminate properly, well-rounded, rhythmical: et ipsi infracta et amputata loquuntur et eos vituperant, qui apta et finita pronuntiant, Cic. Or. 51, 170.—Sup.: finitissimus, Prisc. 1076 P.—Adv.: fīnītē. * 1. (Acc. to II. A.) To a certain extent, within limits:
avarus erit, sed finite, Cic. Fin. 2, 9, 27.— * 2. (Acc. to II. B.) Definitely, specifically:
referri oportere ad senatum aut infinite de re publica, aut de singulis rebus finite, Gell. 14, 7, 9.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
fīniō īvī, ītus, īre
finis, to limit, bound, enclose within boundaries : populi R. imperium, Cs.: signum animo, L.: lingua finita dentibus.— To stop, close, shut : cavernas, O.—Fig., to set bounds to, restrain, check : loqui de cupiditatibus finiendis.— To prescribe, determine, fix, set, appoint, assign : sepulcris novis modum: spatia temporis numero noctium, Cs.: mors est omnibus finita: (silva) non aliter finiri potest, i. e. has no definite boundaries , Cs.: finire senatūs consulto, ne, etc., L.: de pecuniā finitur, Ne maior consumeretur, etc., L.— To put an end to, finish, terminate : bellum, Cs.: nigris prandia moris, H.: dolores morte: sitim, H.: ut sententiae verbis finiantur, end with verbs : Sic fuit utilius finiri ipsi, die.—To make an end, come to an end, cease : paeone posteriore: Finierat Paean, ceased speaking , O.: sic finivit, died , Ta.
Origins
Proto-Indo-European *-yétider. Latin -iō Latin fīniō From fīnis (“boundary, limit”) + -iō.
Ibero-Romance
- Portuguesefindarfrom Old Galician-Portuguese fĩir
- Spanishfinirfrom Old Spanish fenir
- Portuguesefenecerfrom Old Spanish fenir
- Spanishfenecerfrom Old Spanish fenir
- Galicianfincerfrom Old Galician-Portuguese fĩir
- Galicianfindarfrom Old Galician-Portuguese fĩir
Gallo-Romance
- Catalanfinir
- Occitanfinir
- Franco-Provençalfenir
- Old Frenchfenir
- Old Frenchfiner
- Old Frenchfinir
Insular Romance
- Sardinianfinire
Italo-Dalmatian
- Italianfinire
- Dalmatianfinir
- Neapolitanfenire
- Sicilianfiniri
- Venetanfinir
Rhaeto-Romance
- Friulianfinî
Elsewhere
- Emilianfinîr
In English words that came into English from fīniō
- finishfīniō
- finefīniō
- infiniteīnfīnītus
- definitiondēfīnītiō
- definedēfīniō
- finitefīnītus
- definitedēfīnītus
- infinitiveīnfīnītīvus
- indefiniteindēfīnītus
- infinitesimalīnfīnītēsimus
- finitofīnītus
- definiendumdēfīniendum
- prefinepraefinire