fallō
Meaning
- to deceive, beguile, trick, cheat, delude, ensnare, disappoint
At rēgīna dolōs – quis fallere possit amantem? – praesēnsit [...]. But the queen suspected his deceit – Who could be able to delude a lover? – ….
(The irony is that a lover can be both extremely perceptive and easily misled.)29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.296–297 - reflexiveto mistake, be mistaken, deceive oneself
Si enim fallor, sum. Nam qui non est, utique nec falli potest; ac per hoc sum, si fallor. Quia ergo sum si fallor, quo modo esse me fallor, quando certum est me esse, si fallor? Quia igitur essem qui fallerer, etiamsi fallerer, procul dubio in eo quod me novi esse, non fallor.
Translation by David S. Wiesen Well, if I am mistaken, I exist. For a man who does not exist can surely not be mistaken either, and if I am mistaken, therefore I exist. So, since I am if I am mistaken, how can I be mistaken in believing that I am when it is certain that if I am mistaken I am. Therefore, from the fact that, if I were indeed mistaken, I should have to exist to be mistaken, it follows that I am undoubtedly not mistaken in knowing that I am.412 CE – 426 CE, Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis, De civitate Dei 11.26 - to escape the notice of; be unknown, unseen, unaware, hidden
“Nec mē adeō fallit veritam tē moenia nostra
“Nor does it so escape me that you, fearing our defenses, have distrusted the homes of lofty Carthage.” (Juno uses the negation of litotes to speak to Venus.)29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.96-97 - to appease, beguile
- to swear falsely, perjure
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
falsa prō vērīs dō; nē fidem falle!dēcipiō, falsa prō vērīs dōChoosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Perperam · Falso · False · Fallaciter
1. Perperam (redupl. of παρά) denotes that which is not true, objectively, with reference to the object, as incorrect; whereas falso, subjectively, in reference to the person, as mistaken. 2. Falso agere has its foundation in error and self-deceit; whereas false and fallaciter happens against better knowledge and conscience; false, through fear and weakness of character; fallaciter, like deceitfully, with the wicked intention of deceiving and betraying. Comp. Tac. Ann. i. 1. Tiberii res . . . ob metum false compositæ sunt, according to Wolf’s reading; comp. with Germ. 36. Inter impotentes et validos falso quiescas. 3. The adjective falsus combines the notions of falso and of the participle falsus, and is distinguished only from fallax. Cic. Phil. xii. 2. Spes falsa et fallax. Tac. Ann. xvi. 33. Specie bonarum falsos et amicitiæ fallaces. (i. 66.)
Fallere · Frustrari · Decipere · Circumvenire · Fraudare · Imponere
Fallere, frustrari, and imponere, mean to deceive, and effect an exchange of truth for falsehood, σφάλλειν; the fallens (σφάλλων) deceives by erroneous views; the frustrans (from ψύθος), by false hopes; the imponens, by practising on the credulity of another. Decipere and circumvenire mean to outwit, and obtain an unfair advantage, ἀπατᾶν; the decipiens, by a suddenly executed; the circumveniens, by an artfully laid plot. Fraudare (ψεύδειν) means to cheat, or injure and rob anybody by an abuse of his confidence. (v. 357.)
Conjugation conjugation 3
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | fallō | fallēbam | fallam | fefellī | fefelleram | fefellerō |
| 2nd sg. | fallis | fallēbās | fallēs | fefellistī | fefellerās | fefelleris |
| 3rd sg. | fallit | fallēbat | fallet | fefellit | fefellerat | fefellerit |
| 1st pl. | fallimus | fallēbāmus | fallēmus | fefellimus | fefellerāmus | fefellerimus |
| 2nd pl. | fallitis | fallēbātis | fallētis | fefellistis | fefellerātis | fefelleritis |
| 3rd pl. | fallunt | fallēbant | fallent | fefellērunt fefellēre | fefellerant | fefellerint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | fallam | fallerem | fefellerim | fefellissem |
| 2nd sg. | fallās | fallerēs | fefellerīs | fefellissēs |
| 3rd sg. | fallat | falleret | fefellerit | fefellisset |
| 1st pl. | fallāmus | fallerēmus | fefellerīmus | fefellissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | fallātis | fallerētis | fefellerītis | fefellissētis |
| 3rd pl. | fallant | fallerent | fefellerint | fefellissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | fallor | fallēbar | fallar |
| 2nd sg. | falleris fallere | fallēbāris fallēbāre | fallēris fallēre |
| 3rd sg. | fallitur | fallēbātur | fallētur |
| 1st pl. | fallimur | fallēbāmur | fallēmur |
| 2nd pl. | falliminī | fallēbāminī | fallēminī |
| 3rd pl. | falluntur | fallēbantur | fallentur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | fallar | fallerer |
| 2nd sg. | fallāris fallāre | fallerēris fallerēre |
| 3rd sg. | fallātur | fallerētur |
| 1st pl. | fallāmur | fallerēmur |
| 2nd pl. | fallāminī | fallerēminī |
| 3rd pl. | fallantur | fallerentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | falle | fallere |
| pres. 2nd pl. | fallite | falliminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | fallitō | fallitor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | fallitō | fallitor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | fallitōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | falluntō | falluntor |
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | fallere | fallī |
| perfect infinitive | fefellisse fefellise | falsum esse |
| future infinitive | falsūrum esse | falsum īrī |
| present participle | fallēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | falsus |
| future participle | falsūrus falsūra, falsūrā, falsūrae, falsūram, falsūrārum, falsūrās, falsūre, falsūrī, falsūrīs, falsūrō, falsūrōrum, falsūrōs, falsūrum | fallendus fallundus, fallenda, fallendā, fallendae, fallendam, fallendārum, fallendās, fallende, fallendīs, fallendōrum, fallendōs |
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- nisi fallor
- if I am not mistaken.
- nisi omnia me fallunt
- unless I'm greatly mistaken.
- nisi (animus) me fallit
- if I am not mistaken.
- spem alicuius fallere (Catil. 4. 11. 23)
- to deceive a person's hope.
T. Roscius non unum rei pecuniariae socium fefellit, verum novem homines honestissimos ejusdem muneris, etc. ... induxit, decepit, destituit, omni fraude et perfidia fefellit, Cic. Rosc. Am. 40, 116 sq.; so, aliquem dolis, Ter. And. 3, 2, 13; cf. id. Heaut. 3, 1, 61: senem, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 43: referam gratiam, atque eas itidem fallam, ut ab illis fallimur, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 93: tu illum fructu fallas, Poët. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 73: id ipsum sui fallendi causa milites ab hostibus factum existimabant, Caes. B. G. 7, 50, 2: tum laqueis captare feras et fallere visco Inventum, Verg. G. 1, 139; cf. Ov. M. 15, 474: is enim sum, nisi me forte fallo, qui, etc., Cic. Phil. 12, 8, 21: num me fefellit, Catilina, non modo res tanta, verum dies? id. Cat. 1, 3, 7: nisi me fallit animus, id. Rosc. Am. 17, 48; cf.: neque eum prima opinio fefellit, Caes. B. C. 3, 67, 3: ne spes eum fallat, Cic. Fam. 1, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 10, 4: si in hominibus eligendis spes amicitiae nos fefellerit, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 11, § 28: in quo cum eum opinio fefellisset, Nep. Ages. 3, 5: nisi forte me animus fallit, Sall. C. 20, 17: nisi memoria me fallit, fails me, Gell. 20, p. 285 Bip.: nisi me omnia fallunt, Cic. Att. 8, 7, 1; cf.: omnia me fallunt, nisi, etc., Sen. Ep. 95 med.: nisi quid me fallit, Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 6; cf.: si quid nunc me fallit in scribendo, id. ib. 3, 5, 4: dominum sterilis saepe fefellit ager, Ov. A. A. 1, 450: certe hercle hic se ipsus fallit, non ego, Ter. And. 3, 2, 15: tam libenter se fallunt, quam si una fata decipiunt, Sen. Brev. Vit. 11, 1: cum alios falleret, se ipsum tamen non fefellit, Lact. 1, 22, 5.— Pass. in mid. force, to deceive one's self, be deceived, to err, be mistaken: errore quodam fallimur in disputando, Cic. Rep. 3, 35: qua (spe) possumus falli: deus falli qui potuit? id. N. D. 3, 31, 76: memoriā falli, Plin. 10, 42, 59, § 118: jamque dies, nisi fallor, adest, Verg. A. 5, 49; Cic. Att. 4, 17, 1; 16, 6, 2: ni fallor, Ov. F. 4, 623; Lact. 2, 19, 1; cf.: ordinis haec virtus erit et venus, aut ego fallor, Hor. A. P. 42.—With object-clause: dicere non fallar, quo, etc., Luc. 7, 288: quamquam haut falsa sum, nos odiosas haberi, Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 4; cf.: id quam facile sit mihi, haud sum falsus, id. Men. 5, 2, 3; Ter. And. 4, 1, 23; Sall. J. 85, 20: neque ea res falsum me habuit, did not deceive me, id. ib. 10, 1: ut falsus animi est! Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 43.—promissum, not to fulfil, Curt. 7, 10, 9: fidem hosti datam fallere, to violate, break, betray, deceive, Cic. Off. 1, 13, 39: quodsi meam spem vis improborum fefellerit atque superaverit, id. Cat. 4, 11, 23; cf. id. de Or. 1, 1, 2: non fallam opinionem tuam, id. Fam. 1, 6 fin.; cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 86 fin.: imperium, to fail to execute, Plin. 7, 37, 38, § 125: cum lubrica saxa vestigium fallerent, betrayed, Curt. 4, 9.—Poet.: tu faciem illius Falle dolo, imitate deceptively, assume, Verg. A. 1, 684: sua terga nocturno lupo, i. e. to hide, conceal, Prop. 4, 5, 14: casses, retia, to shun, avoid, Ov. H. 20, 45; 190. —cum maxime fallunt, id agunt, ut viri boni esse videantur, Cic. Off. 1, 13, 41: ea (divinatio) fallit fortasse nonnumquam, id. Div. 1, 14, 25: non in sortitione fallere, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 53, § 132: in ea re, Nep. Them. 7, 2; Cels. 7, 26, 2: ne falleret bis relata eadem res, Liv. 29, 35, 2: ut, si quid possent, de induciis fallendo impetrarent, Caes. B. G. 4, 13, 5: germinat et numquam fallentis termes olivae, Hor. Epod. 16, 45: plerumque sufflati atque tumidi (oratores) fallunt pro uberibus, Gell. 7, 14, 5.—sed nos, nisi me fallit, jacebimus, Cic. Att. 14, 12, 2; cf.: nisi me propter benevolentiam forte fallebat, id. Cael. 19, 45; id. Sest. 50, 106: nec eum fefellit, id. Off. 2, 7, 25: vide, ne te fallat, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 25. And cf. under II. B. 2.is jurare cum coepisset, vox eum defecit in illo loco: SI SCIENS FALLO, Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 2; cf.: lapidem silicem tenebant juraturi per Jovem haec verba dicentes: SI SCIENS FALLO, TVM ME DISPITER, etc., Paul. ex Fest. s. v. lapidem, p. 115 Müll.: si sciens fefellisset, Plin. Pan. 64, 3; cf. Liv. 21, 45, 8; Prop. 4, 7, 53: expedit matris cineres opertos Fallere, i. e. to swear falsely by the ashes of your mother, Hor. C. 2, 8, 10.—neque enim hoc te, Crasse, fallit, quam multa sint et quam varia genera dicendi, Cic. de Or. 1, 60, 255: tanto silentio in summum evasere, ut non custodes solum fallerent, sed, etc., Liv. 5, 47, 3: nec fefellit veniens ducem, id. 2, 19, 7; Curt. 7, 6, 4; cf.: quin et Atridas duce te (Mercurio) ... Priamus ... Thessalosque ignes et iniqua Trojae Castra fefellit, Hor. C. 1, 10, 16: quos fallere et effugere est triumphus, id. ib. 4, 4, 52: Spartacum si qua potuit vagantem Fallere testa, id. ib. 3, 14, 20; Suet. Caes. 43: nec te Pythagorae fallant arcana, Hor. Epod. 15, 21; id. Ep. 1, 6, 45: nec quicquam eos, quae terra marique agerentur, fallebat, Liv. 41, 2, 1 Drak.: ut plebem tribunosque falleret judicii rescindendi consilium initum, id. 4, 11, 4: tanta celeritate, ut visum fallant, Plin. 9, 50, 74, § 157: oculos littera fallit, cannot be distinctly read, Ov. A. A. 3, 627.— With acc. and inf.: neutros fefellit hostes appropinquare, Liv. 31, 33, 8 Weissenb. ad loc.—Mid. with gen.: nec satis exaudiebam, nec sermonis fallebar tamen, Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 55.—speculator Carthaginiensium, qui per biennium fefellerat, Romae deprehensus, Liv. 22, 33, 1; 25, 9, 2: spes fallendi, resistendive, si non falleret, of remaining unnoticed, id. 21, 57, 5: non fefellere ad Tifernum hostes instructi, id. 10, 14, 6.—So with part. perf., Liv. 42, 64, 3; 23, 19, 11.—With part. pres.: ne alio itinere hostis falleret ad urbem incedens, i. e. arrive secretly, λανθάνοι προσιών, Liv. 8, 20, 5; cf. id. 5, 47, 9; Verg. A. 7, 350: nec vixit male, qui natus moriensque fefellit, i. e. has remained unnoticed, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 10: fallere pro aliquo, to pass for, Gell. 7, 14: bonus longe fallente sagitta, Verg. A. 9, 572.—non me fefellit: sensi, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 64: num me fefellit, hosce id struere? Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 3; cf.: in lege nulla esse ejusmodi capita, te non fallit, Cic. Att. 3, 23, 4: nec me animi fallit, etc., Lucr. 1, 136; 5, 97: quem fallit? who does not know? Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 233: neque vero Caesarem fefellit, quin, etc., Caes. B C. 3, 94, 3.—medias fallunt sermonibus horas Sentirique moram prohibent, Ov. M. 8, 652: jam somno fallere curam, Hor. S. 2, 7, 114: Fallebat curas aegraque corda labor, Ov. Tr. 3, 2, 16; cf. dolores, id. ib. 5, 7, 39: luctum, Val. Fl. 3, 319: molliter austerum studio fallente laborem, Hor. S. 2, 2, 12; Ov. M. 6, 60; Plin. 27, 7, 28, § 49.—Prov.: fallere credentem non est operosa puellam Gloria, Ov. H. 2, 63.—Hence, falsus, a, um, P. a., deceptive, pretended, feigned, deceitful, spurious, false (syn.: adulterinus, subditus, subditicius, spurius). testes aut casu veri aut malitia falsi fictique esse possunt, Cic. Div. 2, 11, 27; cf.: falsum est id totum, neque solum fictum, sed etiam imperite absurdeque fictum, id. Rep. 2, 15: ementita et falsa plenaque erroris, id. N. D. 2, 21, 55: pro re certa spem falsam domum retulerunt, id. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; cf.: spe falsa atque fallaci, id. Phil. 12, 2, 7; so, spes, id. Sull. 82, 91: falsa et mendacia visa, id. Div. 2, 62, 127; cf.: falsa et inania visa, id. ib.: falsum et imitatione simulatum, id. de Or. 2, 45, 189; cf. id. Phil. 11, 2, 5: argumentum, id. Inv. 1, 48, 90: qui falsas lites falsis testimoniis Petunt, Plaut. Rud. prol. 13: reperiuntur falsi falsimoniis, id. Bacch. 3, 6, 12: ambitio multos mortales falsos fieri subegit, Sall. C. 10, 5 Kritz.: pater (opp. verus), a supposed father, Ov. M. 9, 24; cf. id. ib. 1, 754: falsi ac festinantes, Tac. A. 1, 7: suspectio, Enn. ap. Non. 511, 5: nuntius, Cic. de Or. 1, 38, 175: rumores, Caes. B. G. 6, 20, 2: poena falsarum et corruptarum litterarum, Cic. Fl. 17, 39; cf.: falsas esse litteras et a scriba vitiatas, Liv. 40, 55, 1: falsarum tabularum rei, Suet. Aug. 19: fama, Cic. Lael. 4, 15: appellatio, Quint. 7, 3, 5: sententiae, id. 8, 5, 7: crimina, Hor. C. 3, 7, 14; terrores, id. Ep. 2, 1, 212: opprobria, i. e. undeserved, id. ib. 1, 16, 38; cf. honor, id. ib. 39: falsi Simoëntis ad undam, i. e. fictitious (simulati), Verg. A. 3, 302; cf.: falsi sequimur vestigia tauri (i. e. Jovis), Val. Fl. 8, 265: vultu simulans Haliagmona, Stat. Th. 7, 739: ita ceteros terruere, ut adesse omnem exercitum trepidi ac falsi nuntiarent, Tac. H. 2, 17: ne illi falsi sunt qui divorsissumas res pariter expectant, deceived, mistaken, Sall. J. 85, 20; cf.: falsus utinam vates sim, Liv. 21, 10, 10; so, vates, id. 4, 46, 5.—Comp. (rare): quanto est abjectior et falsior ista (theologia), Aug. Civ. D. 7, 5 fin.: nihil est hominum inepta persuasione falsius, Petr. 132; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 92, 11 Müll.—Sup.: id autem falsissimum est, Col. 1, 6, 17.—Felix appellatur Arabia, falsi et ingrati cognominis, Plin. 12, 18, 41, § 82.— Spurinnam ut falsum arguens, a false prophet, Suet. Caes. 81 fin.; id. Tib. 14.—ex falsis verum effici non potest, Cic. Div. 2, 51, 106; cf.: veris falsa remiscet, Hor. A. P. 151: vero distinguere falsum, id. Ep. 1, 10, 29: falsum scripseram, Cic. Att. 7, 14, 2; Quint. 7, 2, 53: ex illa causa falsi, i. e. of fraud, Dig. 48, 10 (De lege Cornelia de falsis), 1; v. the whole title: acclinis falsis animus, Hor. S. 2, 2, 6: nec obstitit falsis Tiberius, Tac. A. 2, 82: simulationum falsa, id. ib. 6, 46 et saep.—Adverb.: telisque non in falsum jactis, i. e. not at random, with effect, Tac. A. 4, 50 fin.: jurare falsum, Ov. Am. 3, 3, 11.—Adv., untruly, erroneously, unfaithfully, wrongly, falsely; in two forms, falso and false. eho mavis vituperari falso, quam vero extolli? Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 21 sq.; cf. id. Trin. 1, 2, 173; so opp. vero, Curt. 5, 2, 2: ei rei dant operam, ut mihi falso maledicatur, Cato ap. Charis. p. 179 P.: falso criminare, Enn. ap. Non. 470, 16: neque me perpetiar probri Falso insimulatam, id. Am. 3, 2, 7; 21; cf.: non possum quemquam insimulare falso, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 41, § 107: falso memoriae proditum, id. de Imp. Pomp. 14, 41: cum Tarquinius ... vivere falso diceretur, id. Rep. 2, 21; cf.: adesse ejus equites falso nuntiabantur, Caes. B. C. 1, 14, 1: cum utrumque falso fingerent, Liv. 42, 2: falso in me conferri, Cic. Fam. 5, 5, 2: aliquem falso occidere, i. e. by mistake, Naev. ap. Charis. p. 179 P.; cf.: ut miseri parentes quos falso lugent, vivere sciant, Liv. 34, 32, 13; and: falso lamentari eas Darium vivum, Curt. 3, 12: falso queritur de natura sua genus humanum, Sall. J. 1: falso plurima volgus amat, Tib. 3, 3, 20 (so perh. also in Cic. Ac. 2, 46, 141, non assentiar saepe falso, instead of false).—Ellipt.: Da. Si quid narrare occepi, continuo dari tibi verba censes. Si. Falso, Ter. And. 3, 2, 24; cf.: atqui in talibus rebus aliud utile interdum, aliud honestum videri solet. Falso: nam, etc., Cic. Off. 3, 18, 74; so Quint. 2, 17, 12; Nep. Alc. 9: quia inter inpotentes et validos falso quiescas, = quia falluntur qui putant quiesci posse, Tac. Germ. 36.—quae adversus haec falsissime disputantur, Aug. Conf. 10, 13.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
Origins
Proto-Indo-European *(s)gʷʰh₂el-der. Proto-Italic *falsō? Latin fallo Uncertain. According to De Vaan, from Proto-Italic *falsō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)gʷʰh₂el- (“to stumble”) (with semantic shift "stumble" > "deceive"), and cognate with Sanskrit स्खल् (skhal, “to stumble, fail”), Persian سکرفیدن (sekarfidan, “to stumble”), Ancient Greek σφάλλω (sphállō, “to bring down”), σφάλλομαι (sphállomai, “to fall”), Old Armenian սխալեմ (sxalem, “to stumble, fail”). Formerly considered to be from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰwel- (“to lie, deceive”), but this does not account for the /a/.
- Portuguesefalharfrom Old Galician-Portuguese fallar
- Spanishfallar
- Portuguesefaltar
- Spanishfaltar
- Portuguesefalsarfrom Old Galician-Portuguese falsar
- Spanishfalsar
- Spanishfalsear
- Galicianfallarfrom Old Galician-Portuguese fallar
- Asturianfaltar
- Galicianfaltar
- Catalanfallar
- Occitanfalhar
- Catalanfaltar
- Frenchfauterfrom Old French fauter
- Englishfaultfrom Old French fauter
- Catalanfalsejar
- Italianfaltare
- Italianfalsare
- Italianfalseggiare
- Sicilianfarsari
- Sicilianfarsijari
- Frenchfausserfrom Old French falser
- Englishfalsefrom Old French falser
- Italianfallare
- Dalmatianfalur
- Catalanfalsar
- Aromanianfaifrom Albanian faj