verbthird conjugation
nōscō
nōscō (present infinitive nōscere, perfect active nōvī, supine nōtum)
Classical[ˈnoːs.koː]Ecclesiastical[ˈnɔs.ko]
№ 347 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- futureimperfectto become acquainted with something, learn about it, to be aware of
Cum igitur "nosce te" dicit, hoc dicit: "nosce animum tuum". Nam corpus quidem quasi vas est aut aliquod animi receptaculum.
Therefore when he [the Pythian Apollo] says, "Know thyself", this is what it means: "Know your mind". The body is of course like a vase, or some other container for the mind.106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes 1.52 - futureimperfectrareto recognize someone, be familiar with
- futureimperfectto accept a reason or excuse
- futureperfectpluperfectto know, recognize, be acquainted with, i.e.; in possession of knowledge
Sī quis in hōc artem populō nōn nōvit amandī, / hoc legat et lēctō carmine doctus amet.
If anyone does not know the art of loving, may they read this, and having both read the poem and been taught, love.2 CE, Ovidius, Ars Amatoria 1.1–2Hīc Nātus Ubīque Nōtus Born Here, Known Everywhere (motto of the Allende Institute in reference to Ignacio de Allende)
- euphemisticto have had sex with, have ever slept with, (biblical) to know
Dīcēbās quondam sōlum tē nōsse Catullum, / Lesbia, nec prae mē velle tenēre Iovem.
You used to say, some time ago, that you only ever slept with [me] Catullus, Lesbia, and that you didn't want to hold [even] Jupiter more than me.c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, 72Ergo cunctos interficite quidquid est generis masculini, etiam in parvulis: et mulieres, quae noverunt viros in coitu, jugulate:
Now therefore kill every male among the little ones, and kill every woman that hath known man by lying with him.c. 347 CE – 420 CE, Hieronymus, Vulgate Numeri.31.17 - Late Latineuphemisticto acknowledge, submit to (God)
Respondens autem spiritus nequam dixit eis, Iesum novi et Paulum scio, vos autem qui estis?
A wicked spirit replied to them, "I acknowledge Jesus, and I know Paul, but who are all of you?c. 347 CE – 420 CE, Hieronymus, Vulgate Acta Apostolorum.19.15
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
cognōscere incipiō; quod nōvī, mihi nōtum est.nōscō -ere nōvī — in Mille Verba, Schola
get to know; (perf.) knownōscō -ere, nōvī — in De Bello Gallico III
cognitum habeō, sciōnōscō -ere — in Evangelium secundum Marcum, ch. 15, 20
regiō Aegyptīnomus -ī (m) — in Epistulae, ch. 19
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Cognitio · Notitia · Scientia · Ignarus · Inscius · Nescius
1. Cognitio is an act of the mind by which knowledge is acquired, whereas notitia and scientia denote a state of the mind; notitia, together with nosse, denotes a state of the merely receptive faculties of the mind, which brings an external appearance to consciousness, and retains it there; whereas scientia, together with scire, involves spontaneous activity, and a perception of truth; notitia may be the result of casual perception; scientia implies a thorough knowledge of its object, the result of mental activity. Cic. Sen. 4, 12. Quanta notitia antiquitatis! quanta scientia juris Romani! 2. The ignarus is without notitia, the inscius without scientia. Tac. H. i. 11. Ægyptum provinciam insciam legum, ignaram magistratuum; for legislation is a science, and must be studied; government an art, and may be learnt by practice. 3. Inscius denotes a person who has not learnt something, with blame; nescius, who has accidentally not heard of, or experienced something, indifferently. Cic. Brut. 83. Inscium omnium rerum et rudem. Compare this with Plin. Ep. viii. 23, Absens et impendentis mali nescius. (v. 266.)
Conjugation conjugation 3
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | nōscō | nōscēbam | nōscam | nōvī | nōveram nōram | nōverō nōrō |
| 2nd sg. | nōscis | nōscēbās | nōscēs | nōvistī nōstī | nōverās nōrās | nōveris nōris |
| 3rd sg. | nōscit | nōscēbat | nōscet | nōvit nōt | nōverat nōrat | nōverit nōrit |
| 1st pl. | nōscimus | nōscēbāmus | nōscēmus | nōvimus nōmus | nōverāmus nōrāmus | nōverimus nōrimus |
| 2nd pl. | nōscitis | nōscēbātis | nōscētis | nōvistis nōstis | nōverātis nōrātis | nōveritis nōritis |
| 3rd pl. | nōscunt | nōscēbant | nōscent | nōvērunt nōrunt, nōvēre | nōverant nōrant | nōverint nōrint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | nōscam | nōscerem | nōverim nōrim | nōvissem nōssem |
| 2nd sg. | nōscās | nōscerēs | nōverīs nōrīs | nōvissēs nōssēs, nōscissēs |
| 3rd sg. | nōscat | nōsceret | nōverit nōrit | nōvisset nōsset, nōscisset |
| 1st pl. | nōscāmus | nōscerēmus | nōverīmus nōrīmus | nōvissēmus nōssēmus, nōscissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | nōscātis | nōscerētis | nōverītis nōrītis | nōvissētis nōssētis |
| 3rd pl. | nōscant | nōscerent | nōverint nōrint | nōvissent nōssent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | nōscor | nōscēbar | nōscar |
| 2nd sg. | nōsceris nōscere | nōscēbāris nōscēbāre | nōscēris nōscēre |
| 3rd sg. | nōscitur | nōscēbātur | nōscētur |
| 1st pl. | nōscimur | nōscēbāmur | nōscēmur |
| 2nd pl. | nōsciminī | nōscēbāminī | nōscēminī |
| 3rd pl. | nōscuntur | nōscēbantur | nōscentur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | nōscar | nōscerer |
| 2nd sg. | nōscāris nōscāre | nōscerēris nōscerēre |
| 3rd sg. | nōscātur | nōscerētur |
| 1st pl. | nōscāmur | nōscerēmur |
| 2nd pl. | nōscāminī | nōscerēminī |
| 3rd pl. | nōscantur | nōscerentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | nōsce | nōscere |
| pres. 2nd pl. | nōscite | nōsciminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | nōscitō | nōscitor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | nōscitō | nōscitor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | nōscitōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | nōscuntō | nōscuntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | nōscere | nōscī |
| perfect infinitive | nōvisse nōsse, nōscisse | nōtum esse |
| future infinitive | nōtūrum esse | nōtum īrī |
| present participle | nōscēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | nōtus |
| future participle | nōtūrus nōtūra, nōtūrā, nōtūrae, nōtūram, nōtūrārum, nōtūrās, nōtūre, nōtūrī, nōtūrīs, nōtūrō, nōtūrōrum, nōtūrōs, nōtūrum | nōscendus nōscundus, nōscenda, nōscendā, nōscendae, nōscendam, nōscendārum, nōscendās, nōscende, nōscendīs, nōscendōrum, nōscendōs, nōscunda, nōscundā, nōscundae, nōscundam, nōscundārum, nōscundās, nōscunde, nōscundī, nōscundīs, nōscundō, nōscundōrum, nōscundōs, nōscundum |
gerundnōscendī, nōscendō, nōscendumsupinenōtum, nōtū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- domestica (externa) nosse
- to be acquainted with the history of one's own land.
nosco, nōvi, nōtum, 3 (old form, GNOSCO, GNOVI, GNOTVM, acc. to Prisc. p. 569 P.;
I. inf. pass. GNOSCIER, S. C. de Bacch.; cf. GNOTV, cognitu, Paul. ex Fest. p. 96 Müll.: GNOT (contr. for gnovit) οἶδεν, ἐπιγινώσκει; GNOTV, γνῶσιν, διάγνωσιν, Gloss. Labb.—Contr. forms in class. Lat. are nosti, noram, norim. nosse; nomus for novimus: nomus ambo Ulixem, Enn. ap. Diom. p. 382 P., or Trag. v. 199 Vahl.), v. a. for gnosco, from the root gno; Gr. γιγνώσκω, to begin to know, to get a knowledge of, become acquainted with, come to know a thing (syn.: scio, calleo).
I. Lit.
1.
(a). Tempp. praes.:
cum igitur, nosce te, dicit, hoc dicit, nosce animum tuum, Cic. Tusc. 1, 22, 52: Me. Sauream non novi. Li. At nosce sane, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 58; cf.: Ch. Nosce signum. Ni. Novi, id. Bacch. 4, 6, 19; id. Poen. 4, 2, 71: (Juppiter) nos per gentes alium alia disparat, Hominum qui facta, mores, pietatem et fidem noscamus, id. Rud. prol. 12; id. Stich. 1, 1, 4: id esse verum, cuivis facile est noscere, Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 8: ut noscere possis quidque, Lucr. 1, 190; 2, 832; 3, 124; 418; 588; Cic. Rep. 1, 41, 64: deus ille, quem mente noscimus, id. N. D. 1, 14, 37.—Pass.: EAM (tabulam) FIGIER IOVBEATIS, VBEI FACILVMED GNOSCIER POTISIT, S. C. de Bacch.: forma in tenebris nosci non quita est, Ter Hec. 4, 1, 57 sq.: omnes philosophiae partes tum facile noscuntur, cum, etc., Cic. N. D. 1, 4, 9: philosophiae praecepta noscenda, id. Fragm. ap. Lact. 3, 14: nullique videnda, Voce tamen noscar, Ov. M. 14, 153: nec noscitur ulli, by any one, id. Tr. 1, 5, 29: noscere provinciam, nosci exercitui, by the army, Tac. Agr. 5.—(b). Temppperf., to have become acquainted with, to have learned, to know:
si me novisti minus, Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 47: Cylindrus ego sum, non nosti nomen meum? id. Men. 2, 2, 20: novi rem omnem, Ter. And. 4, 4, 50: qui non leges, non instituta ... non jura noritis, Cic. Pis. 13, 30: plerique neque in rebus humanis quidquam bonum norunt, nisi, etc., id. Lael. 21, 79: quam (virtutem) tu ne de facie quidem nosti, id. Pis. 32, 81; id. Fin. 2, 22, 71: si ego hos bene novi, if I know them well, id. Rosc. Am. 20 fin.: si Caesarem bene novi, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, B, 2: Lepidum pulchre noram, Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 1: si tuos digitos novi, id. Att. 5, 21, 13: res gestas de libris novisse, to have learned from books, Lact. 5, 19, 15: nosse Graece, etc. (late Lat. for scire), Aug. Serm. 45, 5; 167, 40 al.: ut ibi esses, ubi nec Pelopidarum—nosti cetera, Cic. Fam. 7, 28, 2; Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 11.—2. To examine, consider:
ad res suas noscendas, Liv. 10, 20: imaginem, Plaut. Ps. 4, 2, 29.—So esp., to take cognizance of as a judge: quae olim a praetoribus noscebantur, Tac. A. 12, 60.— II. Transf., in the tempp. praes.
A. In gen., to know, recognize (rare; perh. not in Cic.): hau nosco tuom, I know your (character, etc.), i. e. I know you no longer, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 44:
nosce imaginem, id. Ps. 4, 2, 29; id. Bacch. 4, 6, 19: potesne ex his ut proprium quid noscere? Hor. S. 2, 7, 89; Tac. H. 1, 90.—B. In partic., to acknowledge, allow, admit of a reason or an excuse (in Cic.):
numquam amatoris meretricem oportet causam noscere, Quin, etc., Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 18: illam partem excusationis ... nec nosco, nec probo, Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 1; cf.: quod te excusas: ego vero et tuas causas nosco, et, etc., id. Att. 11, 7, 4: atque vereor, ne istam causam nemo noscat, id. Leg. 1, 4, 11.—III. Transf. in tempp. perf.
A. To be acquainted with, i. e. to practise, possess:
alia vitia non nosse, Sen. Q. N. 4 praef. § 9.—IV. (Eccl. Lat.) Of religious knowledge:
non noverant Dominum, Vulg. Judic. 2, 12; ib. 2 Thess. 1, 8: Jesum novi, Paulum scio, I acknowledge, ib. Act. 19, 15.—Hence, nōtus, a, um, P. a., known. A. Lit.:
nisi rem tam notam esse omnibus et tam manifestam videres, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 58, 134: ejusmodi res ita notas, ita testatas, ita manifestas proferam, id. ib. 2, 2, 34, § 85: fingi haec putatis, quae patent, quae nota sunt omnibus, quae tenentur? id. Mil. 28, 76: noti atque insignes latrones, id. Phil. 11, 5, 10: habere omnes philosophiae notos et tractatos locos, id. Or. 33, 118: facere aliquid alicui notum, id. Fam. 5, 12, 7: tua nobilitas hominibus litteratis est notior, populo obscurior, id. Mur. 7, 16: nullus fuit civis Romanus paulo notior, quin, etc., Caes. B. C. 2, 19: vita P. Sullae vobis populoque Romano notissima, Cic. Sull. 26, 72: nulli nota domus sua, Juv. 1, 7.—(b). With gen. (poet.):
notus in fratres animi paterni, Hor. C. 2, 2, 6: noti operum Telchines. Stat. Th. 2, 274: notusque fugarum, Vertit terga, Sil. 17, 148.— (g). With subj.-clause:
notum est, cur, etc., Juv. 2, 58.—(d). With inf. (poet.):
Delius, Trojanos notus semper minuisse labores, Sil. 12, 331.—2. In partic.
a. Subst.: nōti, acquaintances, friends:
de dignitate M. Caelius notis ac majoribus natu ... respondet, Cic. Cael. 2, 3: hi suos notos hospitesque quaerebant, Caes. B. C. 1, 74, 5; Hor. S. 1, 1, 85; Verg. Cir. 259.—b. In a bad sense, notorious:
notissimi latronum duces, Cic. Fam. 10, 14, 1: integrae Temptator Orion Dianae, Hor. C. 3, 4, 70; Ov. M. 1, 198: Clodia, mulier non solum nobilis sed etiam nota, Cic. Cael. 13, 31; cf. Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 15: moechorum notissimus, Juv. 6, 42.—B. Transf., act., knowing, that knows: novi, notis praedicas, to those that know, Plaut. Ps. 4, 2, 39.
Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
nōscō nōvī (2d pers. often nōstī, nōstis; subj. nōrim, for nōverim; plup. nōram, nōssem, for nōveram, nōvissem), nōtus, ere
GNA-, to get knowledge of, become acquainted with, come to know, learn, discern : nosce te . . . nosce animum tuum: Id esse verum, quoivis facile est noscere, T.: deus, quem mente noscimus: omnes philosophiae partes tum facile noscuntur, cum, etc.: nec noscitur ulli, by any one , O.: noscere provinciam, nosci exercitui, by the army , Ta.: Iam nosces, ventosa ferat cui gloria fraudem, learn , V.—In perf. stem, to have become acquainted with, have learned, know, understand : Novi omnem rem, T.: plerisque notus erat, atque eos noverat, S.: qui non leges, non iura noritis: si ego hos bene novi, know them well : si tuos digitos novi: noris nos, you know me, I think , H.: nec iungere tauros Aut conponere opes norant, V.: Hortos mercarier noram, H.— To examine, consider : ad res suas noscendas, L.— To know, recognize : nosco crinīs incanaque menta Regis, V.: potesne ex his ut proprium quid noscere? H.— To acknowledge, allow, admit : illam partem excusationis: tuas causas.
Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*ǵneh₃-
- Proto-Indo-European*ǵn̥h₃sḱéti
- Proto-Italic*gnōskō
- Latinnōscō
Latin nōscō From earlier gnōscō, from Proto-Italic *gnōskō, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₃sḱéti. The perfect form nōvī might serve as a replacement for an earlier root aorist from Proto-Indo-European *ǵnéh₃t. The PIE adjective *ǵn̥h₃tós (“known”) should have yielded *nātus, which would have been identical with nātus. It is possible that the full-grade vocalism was introduced to avoid homophony. Cognate with Ancient Greek γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō).