verbthird conjugation
ignōscō
ignōscō (present infinitive ignōscere, perfect active ignōvī, supine ignōtum)
Classical[ɪŋˈnoːs.koː]Ecclesiastical[iɲˈɲɔs.ko]
Mille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- to forgive, pardon, excuse, overlook, to take no notice of (with dative)
DĀVUS: Ego, Pamphile, hōc tibi prō servitiō dēbeō: / cōnārī — manibus pedibus noctēsque et diēs! — / capitis perīclum adīre, dum prōsim tibi! / Tuum est sī quid praeter spem ēvenit mihi ignōscere.
DAVUS: Pamphilus, this is my duty to you, in my servitude: to try — with hands and feet, night and day! — to face the risk of my own life, as long as I may be of service to you! Yours is to pardon me if what happens is not what [we] wanted. (In context, Davus comically overstates his services in order to oblige the mercy of Pamphilus.)166 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Andria 675–678[...] quō ex oppidō cum lēgātī ad eum vēnissent ōrātum ut sibi ignōsceret suaeque vītae cōnsuleret [...]
… when envoys had come to him from that town to beg that he himself would forgive them and spare their lives …c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de bello Gallico VII.12
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
veniam dō; quī ignōscit, poenam nōn dat.ignōscō -ere ignōvī — in Mille Verba, Basilica et Iūs
veniam dōignōscō -ere — in Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 4, 16
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Ignoscere · Veniam dare
Ignoscere (ἀναγιγνώσκειν) is a moral act; as, to forgive from one’s heart; to forgive and forget, in opp. to retaining anger, συγγιγνώσκειν; whereas veniam dare (ἀνίαν or ἄνεσιν δοῦναι) is a political act, to allow clemency to take place of justice, in opp. to punishment, like μεθιέναι. The friend ignoscit a person of his own rank; one who is of higher rank and greater power veniam dat. Cic. Man. 3. Illis imperatoribus laus est tribuenda quod egerunt; venia danda quod reliquerunt; comp. with Att. xvi. 16. Ignosce mihi quod eadem de re sæpius scribam. (v. 170.)
Conjugation conjugation 3
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | ignōscō | ignōscēbam | ignōscam | ignōvī | ignōveram ignōram | ignōverō ignōrō |
| 2nd sg. | ignōscis | ignōscēbās | ignōscēs | ignōvistī ignōstī | ignōverās ignōrās | ignōveris ignōris |
| 3rd sg. | ignōscit | ignōscēbat | ignōscet | ignōvit ignōt | ignōverat ignōrat | ignōverit ignōrit |
| 1st pl. | ignōscimus | ignōscēbāmus | ignōscēmus | ignōvimus ignōmus | ignōverāmus ignōrāmus | ignōverimus ignōrimus |
| 2nd pl. | ignōscitis | ignōscēbātis | ignōscētis | ignōvistis ignōstis | ignōverātis ignōrātis | ignōveritis ignōritis |
| 3rd pl. | ignōscunt | ignōscēbant | ignōscent | ignōvērunt ignōrunt, ignōvēre | ignōverant ignōrant | ignōverint ignōrint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | ignōscam | ignōscerem | ignōverim ignōrim | ignōvissem ignōssem |
| 2nd sg. | ignōscās | ignōscerēs | ignōverīs ignōrīs | ignōvissēs ignōssēs |
| 3rd sg. | ignōscat | ignōsceret | ignōverit ignōrit | ignōvisset ignōsset |
| 1st pl. | ignōscāmus | ignōscerēmus | ignōverīmus ignōrīmus | ignōvissēmus ignōssēmus |
| 2nd pl. | ignōscātis | ignōscerētis | ignōverītis ignōrītis | ignōvissētis ignōssētis |
| 3rd pl. | ignōscant | ignōscerent | ignōverint ignōrint | ignōvissent ignōssent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | ignōscor | ignōscēbar | ignōscar |
| 2nd sg. | ignōsceris ignōscere | ignōscēbāris ignōscēbāre | ignōscēris ignōscēre |
| 3rd sg. | ignōscitur | ignōscēbātur | ignōscētur |
| 1st pl. | ignōscimur | ignōscēbāmur | ignōscēmur |
| 2nd pl. | ignōsciminī | ignōscēbāminī | ignōscēminī |
| 3rd pl. | ignōscuntur | ignōscēbantur | ignōscentur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | ignōscar | ignōscerer |
| 2nd sg. | ignōscāris ignōscāre | ignōscerēris ignōscerēre |
| 3rd sg. | ignōscātur | ignōscerētur |
| 1st pl. | ignōscāmur | ignōscerēmur |
| 2nd pl. | ignōscāminī | ignōscerēminī |
| 3rd pl. | ignōscantur | ignōscerentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | ignōsce | ignōscere |
| pres. 2nd pl. | ignōscite | ignōsciminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | ignōscitō | ignōscitor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | ignōscitō | ignōscitor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | ignōscitōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | ignōscuntō | ignōscuntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | ignōscere | ignōscī |
| perfect infinitive | ignōvisse ignōsse | ignōtum esse |
| future infinitive | ignōtūrum esse | ignōtum īrī |
| present participle | ignōscēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | ignōtus ignōta, ignōtā, ignōtae, ignōtam, ignōtārum, ignōtās, ignōte, ignōtī, ignōtīs, ignōtō, ignōtōrum, ignōtōs |
| future participle | ignōtūrus ignōtūra, ignōtūrā, ignōtūrae, ignōtūram, ignōtūrārum, ignōtūrās, ignōtūre, ignōtūrī, ignōtūrīs, ignōtūrō, ignōtūrōrum, ignōtūrōs, ignōtūrum | ignōscendus ignōscundus, ignōscenda, ignōscendā, ignōscendae, ignōscendam, ignōscendārum, ignōscendās, ignōscende, ignōscendīs, ignōscendōrum, ignōscendōs |
gerundignōscendī, ignōscendō, ignōscendumsupineignōtum, ignōtū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- probe scio, non ignoro
- I know very well.
ignosco, nōvi, nōtum, 3 (
I. plqpf. sync. ignosset, Sil. 8, 619; part. fut. ignosciturus, Piso Frugi ap. Prisc. p. 887; Ambros. de Noë, 13, 47; also ignoturus, Cic. ap. Prisc. p. 886), v. a. 2. in-gnosco, nosco; lit., not to wish to know, not to search into; hence, with esp. reference to a fault or crime, to pardon, forgive, excuse, overlook (class.; syn.: parco, indulgeo); constr. alicui (aliquid, quod, si, etc.), with simple aliquid or absol.
(a). Alicui (aliquid, quod, si, etc.):
hoc ignoscant dii immortales, velim, et populo Romano et huic ordini, Cic. Phil. 1, 6, 13; so, ut eis delicta ignoscas, Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 68: velim mihi ignoscas, quod ad te scribo tam multa toties, Cic. Att. 7, 12, 3: abs te peto ut mihi hoc ignoscas, id. ib. 1, 1, 4: mihi, quaeso, ignoscite, si appello talem virum saepius, id. Agr. 2, 18, 49: ne discamus nobis ignoscere, Quint. 11, 2, 45; 10, 3, 29; cf.: adeo familiare est hominibus, omnia sibi ignoscere, Vell. 2, 30, 3: at vos vobis ignoscitis, make excuses for, justify, Juv. 8, 181; so, ipsi populo, id. 8, 189.— With dat. rei: ignoscas velim huic festinationi meae, Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 1: inscitiae meae et stultitiae, Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 62: delictis,id. Merc. 5, 4, 37: vitiis, Hor. S. 1, 4, 131: dictis, Juv. 1, 154: his (sc. factis), id. 13, 103 et saep.—Pass. impers.: ignosci nobis postulabimus, Auct. Her. 2, 17, 25: ea jam aetate sum, ut non sit peccato mihi ignosci aequum, Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 10: tabellam dedit, quia ignosceretur iis, quos, etc., Suet. Aug. 33: mihi profecto poterit ignosci, si, etc., Quint. 4 praef. § 5: deprecatores, quibus non erat ignotum, Cic. Att. 11, 14, 1: exemplis uti oportebit, quibus in simili excusatione non sit ignotum: et contentione, magis illis ignoscendum fuisse, id. Inv. 2, 32, 100.—(b). With a simple acc. (very rare;
not in Cic.): orant, ignoscamus peccatum suum, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 101: equidem istuc factum ignoscam, Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 34: parvum si Tartara nossent Peccatum ignovisse, Verg. Cul. 293.—In pass.: ego esse in hac re culpam meritam non nego, sed eam, quae sit ignoscenda, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 26: et cognoscendi et ignoscendi dabitur peccati locus, id. Heaut. 2, 1, 6.—(g). Absol. (rare but class.):
ignosce: orat, confitetur, purgat: quid vis amplius? Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 46: quotiens ignoscimus (in dicendo), Quint. 6, 2, 14: ad ejus facti deprecationem ignoscendi petenda venia est, Cic. Part. Or. 37, 131; cf. id. Pis. 41, 98: contemnere fulmina pauper creditur atque deos, dis ignoscentibus ipsis, i. e. conniving, winking, Juv. 3, 146.—Pass. impers.: ignotum est, tacitum est, Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 28.—Hence, ignoscens, entis, P. a., forgiving, inclined to forgiveness, placable: animus ignoscentior, Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 32.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
īgnōscō nōvī, nōtus, ere
2 in+(g)nosco, to pardon, forgive, excuse, overlook, allow, indulge, make allowance: Ignosce, T.: ignoscendi ratio: dis ignoscentibus ipsis, i. e. conniving, Iu.: Ignotum est, tacitum est, T.: nihil petit nisi ut ignoscatur: si paulo altius ordiri videbor, ignoscite: cur ego non ignoscam, si, etc.: Tuomst mi ignoscere, T.: mihi, quod ad te scribo: mihi, si, etc.: ignoscendo malis bonos perditum ire, S.: fasso (mihi), O.: et vos vobis ignoscitis, make excuses for, Iu.: festinationi meae: Cethegi adulescentiae, S.: ut non siet peccato mi ignosci aequom, T.: deprecatores, quibus non erat ignotum: maiora deliquerant quam quibus ignosci posset, L.: istuc factum, T.: ea (culpa) quin sit ignoscenda, T.: ignoscendi peccati locus, T.: dementia Ignoscenda, V.: ignoscere quam persequi malebant, S.
Origins
From in- (“after”) + (g)nōscō (“to get to know”). The meaning developed from “subsequently realise” to “acknowledge” to “forgive”.
Descendants
- Italianignoscere