verbsecond conjugation
invideō
invideō (present infinitive invidēre, perfect active invīdī, supine invīsum)
Classical[ɪnˈwɪ.de.oː]Ecclesiastical[iɱˈviː.de.o]
Meaning
- ambitransitiveto look askance or maliciously at, cast an evil eye upon
Dein, cum milia multa fecerimus, conturbabimus illa, ne sciamus, aut nequis malus invidere possit,
Then, when we have counted many thousands, we will throw them into confusion, so that we do not know the number, and so that no one bad may cast an evil eye on us if he knows how many are our kisses.c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 5.10–13 - broadlyfigurativelyto be unwilling or loath; begrudge; refuse, deny; hinder, prevent
“Sī nūlla accendit tantārum glōria rērum, nec super ipse suā mōlītur laude labōrem,
“If no renown of such storied deeds enkindles [Aeneas], nor — above all — for his own fame is he himself making an effort, will he, the father, begrudge Ascanius the fortresses of Rome?” (Jupiter criticizes Aeneas for a dereliction of pietas.)29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.232–234hoc tamen amborum verbis estote rogati, o multum miseri meus illiusque parentes, ut, quos certus amor, quos hora novissima iunxit,
Wretched parents of Pyramus and Thisbe, listen to us, Listen to both our prayers, do not begrudge us, Whom death has joined, Iying at last together In the same tomb.8 CE, Ovidius, Metamorphoses 4.154–157 - broadlyfigurativelyto envy; emulate, aspire to rival
barbarus invidit tantique ut muneris auctor ipse sit, hospitio recipit somnoque gravatum
The barbarian envies him; and that he himself may be deemed the author of so great a benefit, he receives him with hospitality, and, when overpowered with sleep, he attacks him with the sword.8 CE, Ovidius, Metamorphoses 5.657–659Vir, quī festīnat dītārī, et aliīs invidet, ignōrat quod egestās superveniet eī.
A man, that maketh haste to be rich, and envieth others, is ignorant that poverty shall come upon him.c. 347 CE – 420 CE, Hieronymus, Vulgate Proverbs.28.22
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
invidiam sentiōinvideō -ēre — in IVLIANVS I: Gallia, ch. 13
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Invidia · Livor · Invidentia · Malignitas · Obtrectatio · Detrectatio
Invidia denotes looking askance, as a sign that a man grudges something to another, from moral or immoral motives, not necessarily, though especially, from self-love, like ὑποψία; whereas livor (from χλεύη, or χλοιά), denotes the self-tormenting envy, which poisons the whole soul, and deprives the body itself of its fresh healthy color. 2. Invidia is the usual term for envy, whether active, as that which a man harbors, or passive, as a state in which a man stands; whereas invidentia is a new term of Cicero’s for the envy which a man harbors. 3. Invidia and livor denote envy as a temporary state, whereas malignitas as an habitual quality and disposition, in opp. to goodness of heart. The invidus and lividus grudge particular persons particular advantages, in particular cases; but the malignus wishes well to nobody but himself. 4. Invidia, livor, malignitas, denote a feeling and state of mind, whereas obtrectatio denotes an action, or manner of acting, proceeding from this feeling, inasmuch as it seeks to injure the envied person by dishonorable means, namely, detraction. Obtrectatio can scarcely be conceived as existing without invidia, but invidia may without obtrectatio, if the envious person is too cowardly to enter into conflict with the envied. 5. Obtrectatio supposes a rival, and has its origin in jealousy; whereas detrectatio only an enemy in general, and proceeds principally from antipathy. (iii. 65.)
Conjugation conjugation 2
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | invideō | invidēbam | invidēbō | invīdī | invīderam | invīderō |
| 2nd sg. | invidēs | invidēbās | invidēbis | invīdistī | invīderās | invīderis |
| 3rd sg. | invidet | invidēbat | invidēbit | invīdit | invīderat | invīderit |
| 1st pl. | invidēmus | invidēbāmus | invidēbimus | invīdimus | invīderāmus | invīderimus |
| 2nd pl. | invidētis | invidēbātis | invidēbitis | invīdistis | invīderātis | invīderitis |
| 3rd pl. | invident | invidēbant | invidēbunt | invīdērunt invīdēre | invīderant | invīderint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | invideam | invidērem | invīderim | invīdissem |
| 2nd sg. | invideās | invidērēs | invīderīs | invīdissēs |
| 3rd sg. | invideat | invidēret | invīderit | invīdisset |
| 1st pl. | invideāmus | invidērēmus | invīderīmus | invīdissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | invideātis | invidērētis | invīderītis | invīdissētis |
| 3rd pl. | invideant | invidērent | invīderint | invīdissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | invideor | invidēbar | invidēbor |
| 2nd sg. | invidēris invidēre | invidēbāris invidēbāre | invidēberis invidēbere |
| 3rd sg. | invidētur | invidēbātur | invidēbitur |
| 1st pl. | invidēmur | invidēbāmur | invidēbimur |
| 2nd pl. | invidēminī | invidēbāminī | invidēbiminī |
| 3rd pl. | invidentur | invidēbantur | invidēbuntur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | invidear | invidērer |
| 2nd sg. | invideāris invideāre | invidērēris invidērēre |
| 3rd sg. | invideātur | invidērētur |
| 1st pl. | invideāmur | invidērēmur |
| 2nd pl. | invideāminī | invidērēminī |
| 3rd pl. | invideantur | invidērentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | invidē | invidēre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | invidēte | invidēminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | invidētō | invidētor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | invidētō | invidētor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | invidētōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | invidentō | invidentor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | invidēre | invidērī |
| perfect infinitive | invīdisse | invīsum esse |
| future infinitive | invīsūrum esse | invīsum īrī |
| present participle | invidēns invidente, invidentem, invidentēs, invidentī, invidentia, invidentibus, invidentis, invidentīs, invidentium | — |
| perfect participle | — | invīsus invīsa, invīsā, invīsae, invīsam, invīsārum, invīsās, invīse, invīsī, invīsīs, invīsō, invīsōrum, invīsōs |
| future participle | invīsūrus invīsūra, invīsūrā, invīsūrae, invīsūram, invīsūrārum, invīsūrās, invīsūre, invīsūrī, invīsūrīs, invīsūrō, invīsūrōrum, invīsūrōs, invīsūrum | invidendus invidenda, invidendā, invidendae, invidendam, invidendārum, invidendās, invidende, invidendīs, invidendōrum, invidendōs |
gerundinvidendī, invidendō, invidendumsupineinvīsum, invīsū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- invisum esse alicui
- to be hated by some one.
in-vĭdĕo, vīdi, vīsum, 2, v. a.
I. Lit.
A. In gen., i. q. βασκαίνειν (fascinare), to look askance at, to look maliciously or spitefully at, to cast an evil eye upon (only anteclass.).—With acc.: ut est in Menalippo: quisnam florem liberūm invidit meūm? Male Latine videtur; sed praeclare Attius; ut enim videre, sic invidere florem rectius, quam flori. Nos consuetudine prohibemur;
poëta jus suum tenuit et dixit audacius, Cic. Tusc. 3, 9, 20.—Absol.: ne quis malus invidere possit, produce misfortune by his evil eye, Cat. 5, 12 sq. — B. Trop., to be prejudiced against one, to be influenced by prejudice:
semper dignitatis iniquus judex est, qui aut invidet aut favet, Cic. Planc. 3, 7; cf.: cui nisi invidisset is, etc., id. Fam. 5, 21, 2.—II. Transf.
A. (I. q. φθονεῖν τινί τινος.) To envy or grudge one any thing.
(a). With dat. of the person or thing exciting the feeling:
malim mihi inimicos invidere quam inimicis me meis, Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 30: invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus, Cic. de Or. 2, 52, 209; id. Ac. 2, 2, 7: probus invidet nemini, id. Univ. 3: bonis, Sall. C. 51, 38: invidet ipsa sibi, Ov. F. 2, 591: Troasin, id. H. 13, 137.—Pass. impers.: sibi ne invideatur, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 15: illi, quibus invidetur, id. Truc. 4, 2, 32: invidia dicitur ... etiam in eo cui invidetur, Cic. Tusc. 4, 7, 16: si is cui invidetur, et invidet, Sen. Ep. 84, 11. — Of the thing: eorum commodis, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 149: honori, Verg. A. 5, 541; Cic. Agr. 2 fin.: virtuti, id. Balb. 6, 15; id. de Or. 2, 51, 208: virtuti vestrae, Sall. C. 58, 21: omnia tunc quibus invideas si lividulus sis, Juv. 11, 110.—(b). Alicui in aliqua re:
in qua (purpura) tibi invideo, quod, etc., Cic. Fl. 29, 70: in hoc Crasso, id. de Or. 2, 56, 228.—(g). Alicui with gen. of the thing (poet.):
neque ille Sepositi ciceris nec longae invidit avenae, Hor. S. 2, 6, 84.—(d). Alicui aliqua re:
non inviderunt laude sua mulieribus viri Romani, Liv. 2, 40, 11: nobis voluptate, Plin. Ep. 2, 10, 2; so with abl. alone: ne hostes quidem sepulturā invident, Tac. A. 1, 22; id. Germ. 33: nec invidebo vobis hac arte, Sen. Q. N. 4 praef. § 7: qua (ratione) nulli mortalium invideo, id. de Vit. Beat. 24, 6; cf.: si anticum sermonem nostro comparemus, paene jam quidquid loquimur figura est, ut hac re invidere, non ut omnes veteres et Cicero praecipue, hanc rem, Quint. 9, 3, 11. — (ε) With ob: ob secundas res malorum hominum, Sen. de Ira, 1, 16, 5. — (ζ) Absol.: qui invident, eorum, etc., of envious men, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 149; Cic. Tusc. 4, 8, 17: qui invidet minor est, Plin. Ep. 6, 17, 4; Cic. Brut. 50, 188: non equidem invideo, Verg. E. 1, 11; Ov. Tr. 1, 1, 1; id. P. 1, 8, 8: invidit Clytie, id. M. 4, 234.—(η) Alicui aliquid (mostly post-class.; not in Cic.; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 624 sq.): fama fuit Monuni Dardanorum principis filiam pacto fratri eum invidisse, Liv. 44, 30, 4 Weissenb.: sibi laudem, Curt. 9, 4, 21: nobis caeli te regia, Caesar, invidet, Verg. G. 1, 504: mihi senectus invidet imperium, id. A. 8, 509; cf.: Liber pampineas invidit collibus umbras, i. e. deprives of, id. E. 7, 58 Forbig. ad loc.; cf. D. infra; Ov. F. 4, 86: homini misero medicinam, Petr. 129: sibi voluptatem, Spart. Hadr. 20 init.; Val. Max. 4, 3, ext. 1. — (θ) Alicui with object-clause: invidere alii bene esse, tibi male esse, miseriast, Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 31: nullus est cui non invideant rem secundam optingere, id. Bacch. 3, 6, 14.— (ι) Aliquid alone, to envy the possession of, envy one on account of: oro vos id mihi dare quod multi invideant, plures concupiscant, Nep. Thras. 4, 2: nam quis invideat mala, Sen. Herc. Oet. 36; cf.: haec qui gaudent, gaudeant perpetuo suo bono; qui invident, etc., Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 49. — Pass.: ego cur, acquirere pauca Si possum, invideor? (for cur mihi invidetur) am I envied? Hor. A. P. 56.—Impers.: invidetur enim commodis hominum ipsorum, Cic. de Or. 2, 51: non dixi invidiam, quae tum est, cum invidetur, id. Tusc. 3, 9, 20.— Hence, P. a., invĭdendus, a, um, enviable: aula, Hor. C. 2, 10, 7: postis, id. ib. 3, 1, 45; Sen. Const. Sap. 13, 3. — B. To be loath, be unwilling; with a foll. inf. (poet.):
invidens deduci triumpho, Hor. C. 1, 37, 30. —With abl.: invidere igne rogi miseris, to grudge, i. e. not grant a burning and burial, Luc. 7, 798.—With inf.: his te quoque jungere, Caesar, Invideo, am not willing, Luc. 2, 550.—C. To emulate, aspire to rival:
Caesar et se illius gloriae invidere, et illum suae invidisse dixit, Val. Max. 5, 1, 10.—D. To hinder, prevent; to refuse, deny:
plurima, quae invideant pure apparere tibi rem, Hor. S. 1, 2, 100: invidisse deos, ut Conjugium optatum viderem, Verg. A. 11, 269; cf.: tene invidit fortuna mihi, ne, etc., id. ib. 11, 43: Cereri totum natura concessit, oleum ac vinum non invidit tautum, Plin. 15, 2, 3, § 8: nobis invidit inutile ferrum, Ov. P. 2, 8, 59: nec famam invidit Apollo, Sil. 4, 400.—With dat. and abl.: tibi laude, nobis voluptate, Plin. Ep. 2, 10, 2.— With abl. alone: ne hostes quidem sepulturā invident, Tac. A. 1, 22: exemplo, id. ib. 15, 63: spectaculo proelii, id. G. 33: bona morte, Plin. Ep. 2, 20, 8.—Hence, 1. invĭdens, entis, P. a., envious:
nocere invidenti, Cic. Tusc. 4, 8, 17; Hor. C. 1, 37, 30; Vell. 2, 73, 1: sive apud cupidos sive apud invidentes dicendum habuerit orator, Tac. Dial. 31 med. —2. invīsus, a, um, P. a.
a. Hated, hateful, detested (class.).
(a). Of persons, animals, etc.:
persona lutulenta, impura, invisa, Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20: Cato, id. Dom. 25, 65: suspectos alios invisosque efficere, Liv. 41, 24, 18: me invisum meo patri esse intellego, Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 79: invisos nos esse illos, Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 48: deo, Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 167: caelestibus, Verg. A. 1, 387: divis, id. ib. 2, 647: Minervae, id. G. 4, 246; Ov. Am. 2, 6, 34: dominae deae, id. ib. 3, 13, 18: infamem invisumque plebei Claudium facere, Liv. 27, 20, 11: ne invisi apud incolas forent, caverunt, Just. 36, 2, 15; Quint. 3, 7, 19; 5, 13, 38: (Helena) abdiderat sese atque aris invisa sedebat, Verg. A. 2, 574 Forbig. ed. 4 ad loc.; cf.: Tyndaridis facies invisa, id. ib. 2, 601. — Comp.: quo quis versutior et callidior est, hoc invisior et suspectior, Cic. Off. 2, 9.—Sup.: ipsi invisissimus fuerat, Plin. Ep. 2, 20.—(b). Of inanim. and abstr. things:
cupressus, Hor. C. 2, 14, 23: negotia, id. Ep. 1, 14, 17: dis inmortalibus oratio nostra, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 16, 47: regna dis invisa, Verg. A. 8, 245: Troja jacet Danais invisa puellis, Ov. H. 1, 3: improbitas judici, Quint. 6, 4, 15: potestatem invisam facere, Liv. 3, 9, 10: nomen Romanum ad aliquem, id. 24, 32, 2: omnia invisa efficere, id. 42, 42, 5: lux, Verg. A. 4, 631: facies, id. ib. 9, 734: vita, id. ib. 11, 177: lumina, id. ib. 12, 62: aurum, Prop. 3, 5, 3: locus, Ov. P. 2, 8, 64: liberalitas, Curt. 8, 8, 9: Macedonum nomen, id. 10, 1, 4.—b. In act. sense = inimicus, hostile, malicious (rare and poet.):
invisum quem tu tibi fingis, Verg. A. 11, 364; cf.: quae tanta licentia ferri, Gentibus invisis Latium praebere cruorem, Luc. 1, 9: invisa belli consulibus fugiens mandat decreta senatus, id. 1, 488.in-vĭdĕo, false reading for non vidit, App. Mag. p. 391 Oud.
Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
in-videō vīdī, vīsus, ēre,
to look askance at, cast an evil eye upon: florem liberūm meūm? Att. ap. C.—Fig., to be prejudiced against, be influenced by prejudice: iudex, qui invidet: cui nisi invidisset is, etc.—To envy, grudge: mihi: Non equidem invideo, V.: invidit Clytie, O.: Caesari: bonis, S.: invidet ipsa sibi, O.: suae virtuti, Cs.: huic meae gloriae: Arabum Gazis, H.: honori, V.: Omnia tunc quibus invideas si lividulus sis, Iu.: in quā (purpurā) tibi invideo, quod, etc.: neque ille Sepositi ciceris invidit, H.: non inviderunt laude suā mulieribus viri Romani, L.: spectaculo proelii, Ta.: id quod multi invideant: usum lignorum tibi, H.: filiam fratri, L.: mihi senectus Invidet imperium, V.: id quod multi invideant, feel envy on account of, N.: Liber invidit collibus umbras, is niggardly of, V.: ego cur, acquirere pauca Si possum, invideor? (i. e. cur mihi invidetur), am I envied? H.: in eo, cui invidetur: Liburnis (navibus) invidens deduci triumpho, refusing with disdain, H.—To hinder, prevent, refuse, deny: Plurima, quae invideant pure apparere tibi rem, H.: tene invidit fortuna mihi, ne, etc., V.
Origins
From in- (“after”) + videō (“to see, observe; understand”). The meaning developed from “look back at” to “look askance at” to “envy”.
In English words that came into English from invideō
- envyinvidia