verbthird conjugation, suppletive
īnferō
īnferō (present infinitive īnferre, perfect active intulī, supine illātum)
Classical[ˈĩː.fɛ.roː]Ecclesiastical[ˈiɱ.fe.ro]
№ 742 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- suppletiveto carry, bring, put, place, or throw in, into, to, or upon somewhere or something; insert
- suppletiveto bring forward, introduce, produce, cause, occasion, inspire
- suppletiveto set fire to; offer, sacrifice, render
- suppletiveto bury, bring to a place for burial, inter
- suppletiveto pay, furnish
- suppletiveto advance, march, move forward
- suppletiveto bear the standards against the enemy, attack, make an attack upon; wage war on
Gigantes bellum dis intulerunt
The giants waged war against the godsAeneae Latinoque bellum intulerat
27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita I.2 - figurativelysuppletiveto bring forward, introduce; produce, occasion, make; conclude; import
- figurativelysuppletivewith dativeto cause, inflict, impose
- suppletiveto conclude, infer, draw an inference, to refer to
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
in locum ferō.īnferō -ferre intulī — in Mille Verba, ch. Lūdī Puerōrum
bellum intulissent = bellum contrā eōs fēcissentbring in; inflict
īnferō, īnferre, intulī, illātus — in De Bello Gallico II, ch. 4
bellum īnferō = bellum incipiōbring in; inflict
īnferō, īnferre, intulī, illātus — in De Bello Gallico III, ch. 11
Conjugation conjugation 3
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | īnferō | īnferēbam | īnferam | intulī | intuleram | intulerō |
| 2nd sg. | īnfers | īnferēbās | īnferēs | intulistī | intulerās | intuleris |
| 3rd sg. | īnfert | īnferēbat | īnferet | intulit | intulerat | intulerit |
| 1st pl. | īnferimus | īnferēbāmus | īnferēmus | intulimus | intulerāmus | intulerimus |
| 2nd pl. | īnfertis | īnferēbātis | īnferētis | intulistis | intulerātis | intuleritis |
| 3rd pl. | īnferunt | īnferēbant | īnferent | intulērunt intulēre | intulerant | intulerint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | īnferam | īnferrem | intulerim | intulissem |
| 2nd sg. | īnferās | īnferrēs | intulerīs | intulissēs |
| 3rd sg. | īnferat | īnferret | intulerit | intulisset |
| 1st pl. | īnferāmus | īnferrēmus | intulerīmus | intulissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | īnferātis | īnferrētis | intulerītis | intulissētis |
| 3rd pl. | īnferant | īnferrent | intulerint | intulissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | īnferor | īnferēbar | īnferar |
| 2nd sg. | īnferris īnferre | īnferēbāris īnferēbāre | īnferēris īnferēre |
| 3rd sg. | īnfertur | īnferēbātur | īnferētur |
| 1st pl. | īnferimur | īnferēbāmur | īnferēmur |
| 2nd pl. | īnferiminī | īnferēbāminī | īnferēminī |
| 3rd pl. | īnferuntur | īnferēbantur | īnferentur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | īnferar | īnferrer |
| 2nd sg. | īnferāris īnferāre | īnferrēris īnferrēre |
| 3rd sg. | īnferātur | īnferrētur |
| 1st pl. | īnferāmur | īnferrēmur |
| 2nd pl. | īnferāminī | īnferrēminī |
| 3rd pl. | īnferantur | īnferrentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | īnfer | īnferre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | īnferte | īnferiminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | īnfertō | īnfertor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | īnfertō | īnfertor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | īnfertōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | īnferuntō | īnferuntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | īnferre | īnferrī |
| perfect infinitive | intulisse | illātum esse |
| future infinitive | illātūrum esse | illātum īrī |
| present participle | īnferēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | illātus illāta, illātā, illātae, illātam, illātārum, illātās, illāte, illātī, illātīs, illātō, illātōrum, illātōs |
| future participle | illātūrus illātūra, illātūrā, illātūrae, illātūram, illātūrārum, illātūrās, illātūre, illātūrī, illātūrīs, illātūrō, illātūrōrum, illātūrōs, illātūrum | īnferendus īnferundus, īnferenda, īnferendā, īnferendae, īnferendam, īnferendārum, īnferendās, īnferende, īnferendīs, īnferendōrum, īnferendōs |
gerundīnferendī, īnferendō, īnferendumsupineillātum, illātū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- vim inferre alicui
- to do violence to a person.
- signa inferre in hostem
- to attack the enemy.
- gradum inferre in hostem
- to march on the enemy.
- vi vim illatam defendere
- to meet force by force.
- bellum or arma ultro inferre
- to be the aggressor in a war; to act on the offensive.
- sermonem inferre de aliqua re
- to turn the conversation on to a certain subject.
- ignem tectis inferre, subicere
- to set fire to houses.
- damnum inferre, afferre alicui
- to do harm to, injure any one.
10 more phrases
- iniuriam inferre, facere alicui
- to wrong a person.
- cladem hostibus afferre, inferre
- to inflict a defeat on the enemy.
- infamiam alicui inferre, aspergere
- to damage a person's character, bring him into bad odour.
- calamitatem, pestem inferre alicui
- to bring mishap, ruin on a person.
- bellum inferre alicui (Att. 9. 1. 3)
- to invade.
- ignem inferre operibus (B. C. 2. 14)
- to set fire to the siege-works.
- manus inicere, inferre, afferre alicui
- to lay violent hands on a person.
- moram alicui rei afferre, inferre, facere
- to retard, delay a thing.
- in periculum capitis, in discrimen vitae se inferre
- to recklessly hazard one's life.
- multis et illatis et acceptis vulneribus (B. G. 1. 50)
- after many had been wounded on both sides.
in-fĕro, intŭli, illātum, inferre, v. a.,
I. to carry, bring, put, or throw into or to a place (class.); constr. with in and acc., ad, or the dat.
I. Lit.
(a). With in and acc.: in equum, to bring or set upon a horse, Caes. B. G. 6, 29:
coronam in curiam, Liv. 44, 14, 3: Scipio lecticula in aciem inlatus, id. 24, 42, 5: in portum quinqueremes, id. 28, 17, 5; cf. id. 26, 21, 6; 10, 2, 13: arma in Italiam, Nep. Ham. 4, 2: bello in provinciam illato, Cic. Fam. 15, 2, 1; id. Sest. 27, 58; Liv. 9, 25, 2.—(b). With dat.:
semina arvis, Tac. A. 11, 54: fontes urbi, id. ib. 11, 13; cf.: pedem aliquo, to go or proceed to a place, Cic. Caecin. 14, 39: spolia opima templo, id. 4, 20.—(g). With ad:
scalas ad moenia, to set against the walls, Liv. 32, 24, 5.—(d). Absol.:
inferri mensam secundam jussi, to be served up, Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 120: gressus, Verg. G. 4, 360.—B. To throw upon, apply to any thing; esp. of fire, to set fire to:
tectis et templis ignes inferre conati sunt, to set fire to, Cic. Cat. 3, 9, 22; cf.: aliquid in ignem, Caes. B. G. 6, 18.—C. In partic.
1. To bring to a place for burial, to bury, inter:
ne quis sepulcra deleat, neve alienum inferat, Cic. Leg. 2, 26, 64: reliquias ejus majorum tumulis inferri jussit, Just. 11, 15.—2. To furnish, pay (a tribute or tax):
tributum alicui, Col. 1, 1, 11: vicesimam, Plin. Pan. 39, 6: septingenta milia aerario inferenda, id. Ep. 2, 11, 20.— 3. To give in, enter (an account):
sumptum civibus, Cic. Fl. 19, 45: rationes falsas, id. ib. 9, 20: rationibus, to bring into account, Col. 1, 7, 7: aliquid in rationes, Dig. 34, 3, 12.— 4. Milit.: signa (arma) in hostem, or hosti, to bear the standards against the enemy, to attack, make an attack upon:
conversa signa in hostes inferre, to wheel about and attack, Caes. B. G. 2, 26; Liv. 6, 29, 2; 9, 27, 12; saep. with dat.: trepidantibus inferunt signa Romani, id. 3, 18, 8; 8, 30, 7; Curt. 8, 14, 15: signa patriae urbi, Cic. Fl. 2, 5; Liv. 28, 3, 13; so, inferre arma, Nep. Dat. 6, 5: pedem, to advance, attack, Liv. 10, 33, 4; so, gradum: gradum acrius intulere Romani, id. 35, 1, 9: bellum alicui, to make war upon, to wage war against, Cic. Pis. 34: bellum Italiae, id. Att. 9, 1, 3: bellum contra patriam, id. Phil. 2, 22, 53: arma, to begin a war, commence hostilities, Liv. 1, 30, 8.—5. Se, to betake one's self to, repair to, go into, enter, esp. with the accessory notion of haste and rapidity.— With dat.: visa vi quadam sua inferunt sese hominibus noscitanda, present, offer themselves, Gell. 19, 1, 15:
lucus erat, quo se Numa sine arbitris inferebat, Liv. 1, 21, 3: se foribus, Verg. A. 11, 36: se flammae, Vell. 2, 74.—With a play upon I. β, supra: me inferre Veneri vovi jam jentaculum (cf. the context), Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 72.—With in and acc.: se in periculum capitis atque in vitae discrimen, to rush upon, expose one's self to, Cic. Balb. 10, 25: cum se in mediam contionem intulisset, Liv. 5, 43, 8; 4, 33, 7; 7, 17, 5; 24, 16, 1 al. — Absol.: viden' ignavum, ut se inferat! how he struts! how proudly he walks! Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 54: ut magnifice infert sese, id. Ps. 4, 1, 7: atque etiam se ipse inferebat, presented himself, came unbidden, Cic. Caecin. 5; Liv. 2, 30, 13; 22, 5, 5; Tac. H. 4, 66; id. Agr. 37; Curt. 4, 12, 14 al.— II. Trop.
A. In gen., to bring forward, introduce; to produce, make, excite, occasion, cause, inflict:
in re severa delicatum aliquem inferre sermonem, Cic. Off. 1, 40, 144: mentionem, to make mention, to mention, Liv. 4, 1, 2: spem alicui, Caes. B. G. 2, 25: quam maximum terrorem hostibus, id. ib. 7, 8: alicui injuriam, id. ib. 54; Val. Max. 8, 1, 6; cf.: injuriis in socios nostros inferendis, Cic. Sest. 27, 58: calamitatem, Caes. B. G. 1, 12: turpitudines, Cic. Phil. 14, 3, 9: crimen proditionis alicui, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 41, § 106: periculum civibus, id. Sest. 1, 2: probrum castis, labem integris, infamiam bonis, id. Cael. 18, 42: moram et impedimentum alicui rei, id. Inv. 1, 9, 12: mortem alicui per scelus, id. Mil. 7, 17: pestilentiam agris, Liv. 5, 14, 3: vim vitae suae, to lay violent hands upon one's self, Vell. 2, 45: vim et manus alicui, Cic. Cat. 1, 8, 21: vim alicui, Tac. A. 15, 5; Suet. Claud. 16; 37: vulnera hostibus, to give wounds to, to wound, Caes. B. C. 2, 6: delectari criminibus inferendis, Cic. Lael. 18, 65: litem capitis in aliquem, id. Clu. 41, 116: alicui crimen proditionis, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 41, § 106: judicium, to judge (post-class.), Dig. 5, 2, 4: prima peregrinos obscena pecunia mores intulit, Juv. 6, 299. —Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
īn-ferō intulī, inlātus
(ill-), īnferre, to bring in, introduce, bring to, carry in: nihil pati vini inferri, be imported, Cs.: peregrinos pecunia mores Intulit, introduced, Iu.: pedem, make an entrance: huc pedem, H.: gressūs, V.: illum in equum, set upon, Cs.: Scipio lecticulā in aciem inlatus, L.: deos Latio, V.: rates arvis, V.: Ignem gentibus, H.: scalas ad moenia, set against, L.—To bring for burial, bury, inter: alienum.—To bring against, direct, wage, throw upon: hostibus inlatus, Ta.: se stupentibus Romanis, L.: an manu stipata Inferar? V.—Freq. in phrases, with signa, arma, bellum, gradum, or pedem, to make an attack: conversa signa in hostīs inferre, wheel about and attack, Cs.: trepidantibus inferunt signa Romani, L.: signa patriae urbi: signa inferri iubet, N.: arma in Italiam, invade, N.: pedem, advance, L.: bellum, make war upon: bellum inferre . . . inlatum defendere, invade . . . repel invasion, Cs.: bellum contra patriam: arma, begin hostilities, L.—With se, to betake oneself, repair, go into, enter, present oneself: se ipse inferebat: Talis se infert, marches, V.: hostem regi se, V.: mediam se matribus, V.: se in periculum capitis, expose oneself: se in mediam contionem, L.—Of fire, to throw upon, apply, set: aggeri ignem, Cs.: tectis et templis ignīs inferre conati sunt.—To offer, sacrifice, render: Anchisae honores, V.—In an account, to give in, enter: sumptum civibus: rationes falsas.—Fig., to bring forward, adduce, introduce, produce, make, excite, occasion, cause, inflict: iniuriam, Cs.: in re severā sermonem: mentionem, mention, L.: alius aliā causā inlatā, alleging various pretexts, Cs.: iniuriis in socios inferendis: periculum civibus: sibi dedecus, O.: mors inlata per scelus īsdem: pestilentiam agris, L.: impeditis volnera, wound, Cs.: aliis proditionis crimen.—To conclude, infer, draw an inference.
Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*h₁én
- Proto-Italic*en
- Proto-Italic*en-
- Latinīnferō
Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- Proto-Indo-European *-eti Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti Proto-Italic *ferō Latin ferō Latin īnferō From in- (“in, at, on; into”) + ferō (“bear, carry; suffer”).
Descendants
- Catalaninferir
- Englishinfer
- Frenchinférer
- Italianinferire
- Portugueseinferir
- Spanishinferir
- Galicianinferir
In English words that came into English from īnferō
- inferenceinferentia
- illativeillātīvus
- illationillātiō
- inferribleīnferibilis