verbfirst conjugation
imperō
imperō (present infinitive imperāre, perfect active imperāvī, supine imperātum)
Classical[ˈɪm.pɛ.roː]Ecclesiastical[ˈim.pe.ro]
imperāns pres. act. ptcp.№ 602 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- with dativeto command, give orders to, impose, demand
Eorum qui domum redierunt, censu habito, ut Caesar imperaverat, repertus est numerus milium centum et decem.
A census of those who went home having been taken, as Caesar had commanded, the number of soldiers was found to be one hundred and ten.1st c. BC, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de bello Gallico - to rule, govern
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
iubeō; dux mīlitibus imperat.imperō -āre — in Mille Verba, Bellum et Arma
iubeō ut dominusimperō -āre — in IVLIANVS I: Gallia, ch. 11
iubeō, iūs imperandī habeōimperō -āre — in Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 6
iubeō, dux sumimperō -āre — in Evangelium secundum Marcum, ch. 2, 7
command
imperant — in Seneca, ch. X
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Primus · Princeps · Imperator · Cæsar
1. Primus is the first, so far as, in space of time, he makes his appearance first, and others follow him; princeps, so far as he acts first, and others follow his example. (v. 344.) 2. Princeps means the Roman emperor, as holder of the highest civil power, which gradually devolved to him as princeps senatus; whereas imperator, as holder of the highest military power, inasmuch as, except him and the members of his family, no one had any longer a claim to the title of imperator; lastly, Cæsar means the Roman emperor, as a member, and from the time of Galba, as a mere successor, of the imperial family and dynasty.
Jubere · Imperare · Præcipere · Mandare
Jubere (from ἰότης) means to bid, merely in consequence of one’s own wish and will, in opp. to vetare, like κελεύειν; imperare, to command, by virtue of a military supreme authority, like ἄρχειν; præcipere to enjoin, by virtue of an authority as a teacher, etc., something like ἐντέλλεσθαι; mandare (from μήδομαι) to charge, in consequence of thorough confidence in a person, like ἐφίεσθαι.
Conjugation conjugation 1
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | imperō | imperābam | imperābō | imperāvī | imperāveram imperāram | imperāverō imperārō |
| 2nd sg. | imperās | imperābās | imperābis | imperāvistī imperāstī | imperāverās imperārās | imperāveris imperāris |
| 3rd sg. | imperat | imperābat | imperābit | imperāvit imperāt | imperāverat imperārat | imperāverit imperārit |
| 1st pl. | imperāmus | imperābāmus | imperābimus | imperāvimus imperāmus | imperāverāmus imperārāmus | imperāverimus imperārimus |
| 2nd pl. | imperātis | imperābātis | imperābitis | imperāvistis imperāstis | imperāverātis imperārātis | imperāveritis imperāritis |
| 3rd pl. | imperant | imperābant | imperābunt | imperāvērunt imperārunt, imperāvēre | imperāverant imperārant | imperāverint imperārint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | imperem | imperārem | imperāverim imperārim | imperāvissem imperāssem |
| 2nd sg. | imperēs | imperārēs | imperāverīs imperārīs | imperāvissēs imperāssēs |
| 3rd sg. | imperet | imperāret | imperāverit imperārit | imperāvisset imperāsset |
| 1st pl. | imperēmus | imperārēmus | imperāverīmus imperārīmus | imperāvissēmus imperāssēmus |
| 2nd pl. | imperētis | imperārētis | imperāverītis imperārītis | imperāvissētis imperāssētis |
| 3rd pl. | imperent | imperārent | imperāverint imperārint | imperāvissent imperāssent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | imperor | imperābar | imperābor |
| 2nd sg. | imperāris imperāre | imperābāris imperābāre | imperāberis imperābere |
| 3rd sg. | imperātur | imperābātur | imperābitur |
| 1st pl. | imperāmur | imperābāmur | imperābimur |
| 2nd pl. | imperāminī | imperābāminī | imperābiminī |
| 3rd pl. | imperantur | imperābantur | imperābuntur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | imperer | imperārer |
| 2nd sg. | imperēris imperēre | imperārēris imperārēre |
| 3rd sg. | imperētur | imperārētur |
| 1st pl. | imperēmur | imperārēmur |
| 2nd pl. | imperēminī | imperārēminī |
| 3rd pl. | imperentur | imperārentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | imperā | imperāre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | imperāte | imperāminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | imperātō | imperātor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | imperātō | imperātor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | imperātōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | imperantō | imperantor |
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | imperāre | imperārī |
| perfect infinitive | imperāvisse imperāsse | imperātum esse |
| future infinitive | imperātūrum esse | imperātum īrī |
| present participle | imperāns imperante, imperantem, imperantēs, imperantī, imperantia, imperantibus, imperantis, imperantīs, imperantium | — |
| perfect participle | — | imperātus imperāta, imperātā, imperātae, imperātam, imperātārum, imperātās, imperātī, imperātōrum, imperātōs |
| future participle | imperātūrus imperātūra, imperātūrā, imperātūrae, imperātūram, imperātūrārum, imperātūrās, imperātūre, imperātūrī, imperātūrīs, imperātūrō, imperātūrōrum, imperātūrōs, imperātūrum | imperandus imperanda, imperandā, imperandae, imperandam, imperandārum, imperandās, imperande, imperandīs, imperandōrum, imperandōs |
gerundimperandī, imperandō, imperandumsupineimperātum, imperātū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- imperare cupiditatibus
- to overcome one's passions.
- imperare milites civitatibus
- to compel communities to provide troops.
- obsides civitatibus imperare
- to compel communities to provide hostages.
- iussa (usually only in plur.), imperata facere
- to carry out orders
- sibi imperare or continere et coercere se ipsum
- to have self-control; to restrain oneself, master one's inclinations.
impĕro (inp-), āvi, ātum, 1 (archaic form, imperassit, Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 6, and induperantum = imperantium, Enn. Ann. v. 413 Vahl.), v. a. and n. in-paro,
I. to command, order, enjoin (cf.: jubeo, praecipio, mando).
I. In gen., constr. with acc., an inf. or an object-clause, a relative-clause, with ut, ne, or the simple subj., with the simple dat. or absol.
(a). With acc. (and dat. personæ):
faciendum id nobis quod parentes imperant, Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 53: fac quod imperat, id. Poen. 5, 3, 29; Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 2: quae imperarentur, facere dixerunt, Caes. B. G. 2, 32, 3: numquid aliud imperas? Ter. Eun. 2, 1, 7; id. Heaut. 4, 3, 26: sto exspectans, si quid mihi imperent, id. Eun. 3, 5, 46: nonnumquam etiam puerum vocaret: credo, cui cenam imperaret, i. e. ordered to get him his supper, Cic. Rosc. Am. 21, 59: imperat ei nuptias, Quint. 7, 1, 14: vigilias, id. 11, 3, 26: certum modum, id. 11, 2, 27: moram et sollicitudinem initiis impero, id. 10, 3, 9: graves dominae cogitationum libidines infinita quaedam cogunt atque imperant, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 424, 30 (Rep. 6, 1 Mos.): utque Imperet hoc natura potens, Hor. S. 2, 1, 51.—In pass.: arma imperata a populo Romano, Liv. 40, 34, 9: quod ipsum imperari optimum est, Quint. 2, 5, 6: imperata pensa, id. 3, 7, 6: exemplar imperatae schemae, Suet. Tib. 43.— (b). With inf. or an object-clause (esp. freq. in the post-Aug. per.; in Cic. and Cæs. only with inf. pass. or dep.):
animo nunc jam otioso esse impero, Ter. And. 5, 2, 1: imperavi egomet mihi omnia assentari, id. Eun. 2, 2, 21: jungere equos Titan velocibus imperat Horis, Ov. M. 2, 118; 3, 4: nec minus in certo dentes cadere imperat aetas Tempore, Lucr. 5, 672: has omnes actuarias imperat fieri, Caes. B. G. 5, 1, 3: pericula vilia habere, Sall. C. 16, 2: frumentum conportare, id. J. 48, 2; Hirt. B. G. 8, 27; Curt. 10, 1, 19; Tac. A. 2, 25: Liviam ad se deduci imperavit, Suet. Calig. 25; id. Aug. 27; id. Tib. 60.—In pass.: in has lautumias, si qui publice custodiendi sunt, ex ceteris oppidis deduci imperantur, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 27, § 69.—*With inf. act.: haec ego procurare et idoneus imperor, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 21. —(g). With a rel.-clause (very rare):
imperabat coram, quid opus facto esset puerperae, Ter. And. 3, 2, 10: quin tu, quod faciam, impera, id. Phorm. 1, 4, 46; Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 3 and 6; id. Capt. 2, 3, 10.—(d). With ut, ne, or the simple subj.:
ecce Apollo mihi ex oraculo imperat, Ut, etc., Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 87: his, uti conquirerent et reducerent, imperavit, Caes. B. G. 1, 28, 1: consulibus designatis imperavit senatus, ut, etc., Liv. 42, 28, 7: quibus negotium a senatu est imperatum, ut, etc., S. C. ap. Front. Aquaed. 104; Petr. 1: mihi, ne abscedam, imperat, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 30: Caesar suis imperavit, ne, etc., Caes. B. G. 1, 46, 2; 2, 32, 2; 3, 89, 4: letoque det imperat Argum, Ov. M. 1, 670; 13, 659. — (ε) With simple dat.: si huic imperabo, probe tectum habebo, Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 14 (cf. above α): aliquid alicui, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 46; Cic. Rosc. Am. 21, 59. — (ζ) Absol.: Pa. Jubesne? Ch. Jubeo, cogo atque impero, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 97: si quid opus est, impera, Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 1: impera, si quid vis, id. Aul. 2, 1, 23: omnia faciam: impera, Ter. Heaut. 5, 5, 11: quidvis oneris impone, impera, id. And. 5, 3, 26.II. In partic.
A. In publicists' lang., to order to be furnished or supplied, to give orders for, make a requisition for:
cum frumentum sibi in cellam imperavisset (Verrem), Cic. Div. in Caecil. 10, 30: quem (numerum frumenti) ei civitati imperas emendum, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 74, § 173: negas fratrem meum pecuniam ullam in remiges imperasse, id. Fl. 14, 33: pecuniam, id. ib. § 32; cf.: argenti pondo ducenta milia Jugurthae, Sall. J. 62, 5: arma, Caes. B. C. 1, 6 fin.: equites civitatibus, id. B. G. 6, 4 fin.; cf.: quam maximum militum numerum provinciae toti, id. ib. 1, 7, 2: obsides reliquis civitatibus, id. ib. 7, 64, 1; so, obsides Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 35; Suet. Caes. 25. —B. In publicists' and milit. lang., alicui or absol., to command, govern, rule over:
his (magistratibus) praescribendus est imperandi modus ... qui modeste paret, videtur, qui aliquando imperet, dignus esse, Cic. Leg. 3, 2, 5; cf.: sic noster populus in pace et domi imperat, id. Rep. 1, 40: nulla est tam stulta civitas, quae non injuste imperare malit, quam servire juste, id. ib. 3, 18; cf. also: cum is, qui imperat aliis, servit ipse nulli cupiditati, id. ib. 1, 34: omnibus gentibus ac nationibus terra marique imperare, id. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 56; cf.: jus esse belli, ut, qui vicissent, iis, quos vicissent, quemadmodum vellent imperarent, Caes. B. G. 1, 36, 1: Jugurtha omni Numidiae imperare parat, Sall. J. 13, 2: quot nationibus imperabat, Quint. 11, 2, 50: clarus Anchisae Venerisque sanguis Imperet, Hor. Carm. Sec. 51; cf. id. C. 3, 6, 5: recusabat imperare, i. e. to be emperor, Plin. Pan. 5, 5; cf.: ipsum quandoque imperaturum, Suet. Claud. 3; id. Galb. 4; id. Oth. 4; id. Vit. 14; id. Tit. 2 et saep.— Hence, b. Ad imperandum, to receive orders or instructions:
nunc ades ad imperandum, vel ad parendum potius: sic enim antiqui loquebantur, Cic. Fam. 9, 25, 2; cf.: cum ipse ad imperandum Tisidium vocaretur, Sall. J. 62, 8 Kritz.—2. Transf., beyond the publicist's sphere, to command, master, govern, rule, control:
liberis, Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 51: imperare sibi, maximum imperium est, Sen. Ep. 113 fin.: ut nobismet ipsis imperemus, Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 47: cum homines cupiditatibus iis, quibus ceteri serviunt, imperabunt, id. Lael. 22, 82: accensae irae, Ov. M. 9, 28: dolori, Plin. Ep. 8, 19, 2: lacrimis, Sil. 2, 652: amori suo, Petr. 83: ingenio suo, Sen. Contr. 1 praef. med.; cf.: imperare animo nequivi, quin, priusquam perirem, cur periturus essem, scirem, Liv. 34, 31, 2: quibus egestas imperat, rules, governs, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 58, 132 (Trag. v. 357 Vahl.): imperat arvis, holds control over, i. e. forces to be productive, Verg. G. 1, 99; cf.: sola terrae seges imperatur, Tac. G. 26: fertilibus agris non est imperandum, Sen. Tranq. 15: sic imperant vitibus et eas multis palmitibus onerant, Col. 3, 3, 6: alius patrimonio suo plus imperavit quam ferre possit, Sen. Tranq. 4; cf. also trop.: tamquam nescias, cui imperem: Epicurum, id. Ep. 29 fin.: dum per continuos dies nimis imperat voci, rursus sanguinem reddidit, Plin. Ep. 5, 19, 6: imperat ergo viro (mulier), Juv. 6, 224.— Absol.: animum rege, qui, nisi paret, Imperat, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 63: permittat, an vetet an imperet (lex), Quint. 7, 7, 7: (eloquentia) hic regnat, hic imperat, hic sola vincit, id. 7, 4, 24.— C. In publicists' lang., to order the citizens to assemble, to summon:
dein consul eloquitur ad exercitum: Impero qua convenit ad comitia centuriata, Varr. L. L. 6, § 88 Müll.; Gell. 15, 27, 4; so comically, Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 52; cf. id. Cist. 1, 1, 60.— D. In medic. lang., to order, prescribe: non idem imperassem omnibus per diversa aegrotantibus, Sen. de Ira, 1, 16; Plin. 24, 1, 1, § 5:
si vires patiuntur, imperanda tridui abstinentia est, Cels. 7, 20.— E. In gram.:
imperandi declinatus, i. e. inflections of the imperative, Varr. L. L. 10, § 32 Müll.— Hence, impĕ-rātum, i, n., that which is commanded, a command, order: jussus arma abicere, imperatum facit, executes the order, obeys, Caes. B. G. 5, 37, 1; freq. in plur.: imperata facere, id. ib. 2, 3, 3; 5, 20 fin.; 6, 10, 3; id. B. C. 1, 60, 1; 2, 12, 4; 3, 34, 2 al.; cf.: imperata detrectare, Suet. Caes. 54: Senones ad imperatum non venire, according to orders, as ordered, Caes. B. G. 6, 2, 3.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
imperō (inp-) āvī, ātus, āre
1 in+paro, to command, order, enjoin, bid, give an order: Pa. Iubesne? Ch. Iubeam? cogo atque impero, T.: sicuti inperabatur, consistunt, S.: velut deo imperante, Ta.: adeo ad imperandum, for orders (i. e. to receive orders): alqd mihi, T.: te cogam Quae ego inperem facere, T.: utque Imperet hoc natura potens, H.: arma imperata a populo R., L.: Animo otioso esse impero, T.: iungere equos imperat Horis, O.: has omnīs actuarias imperat fieri, Cs.: Flectere iter sociis Imperat, V.: ex oppidis deduci imperantur: Haec ego procurare imperor, H.: imperabat, quid facto esset, T.: his, uti conquirerent, Cs.: consulibus designatis imperavit senatus, ut, etc., L.: mihi, ne abscedam, T.: suis, ne, etc., Cs.: huic imperat, quas possit, adeat civitates, Cs.—To exercise authority, command, rule, control, govern: conturbatis omnibus, S.: imperandi modus: omnibus gentibus: iis, quos vicissent, Cs.: omni Numidiae, S.—To be master, rule, control, govern: animus, qui nisi paret, Imperat, H.: Dis te minorem quod geris, imperas, you are sovereign, H.: liberis, T.: cupiditatibus: animo, quin, etc., L.: arvis, make productive, V.: Imperat aut servit pecunia cuique, is master or man, H.—To give orders for, make requisition for, levy, require, impose, demand: obsides: arma, Cs.: quantum imperavi, Date (bibere), prescribed, T.: ex praediis tributum: cui (puero) cenam: omnibus imperatae pecuniae, Cs.: obsides reliquis civitatibus, Cs.
Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*h₁én
- Proto-Italic*en
- Proto-Italic*en-
- Latinimperō
Proto-Indo-European *perh₃- Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₃o- Latin *paro- Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin parō Latin imperō From in- + parō.
Descendants
- Englishimperate
- Italianimperare
- Portugueseimperar
- Spanishimperar
In English words that came into English from imperō
- emperorimperator
- empressimperatrix
- empireimperium
- imperialimperiālis
- imperativeimperātīvus
- imperiousimperiōsus
- imperantimperans
- imperiumimperium
- imperatorimperātor
- imperateimperātus
- emperyimperium