verbfirst conjugation
iactō
iactō (present infinitive iactāre, perfect active iactāvī, supine iactātum)
Classical[ˈjak.toː]Ecclesiastical[ˈjak.to]
Mille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- to throw, cast, hurl
- to scatter, toss
- figurativelyto disturb, disquiet, torment, agitate, shock
carmina sēcessum scrībentis et ōtia quaerunt;
Verses require of [their] writing [both] solitude and leisure; the sea, winds, [and] a savage winter disturb me. (The poet, sailing to exile during wintertime, is disturbed both physically and mentally.)8 CE – 12 CE, Ovidius, Tristia 1.41–42 - to utter, speak, throw out
- to hurl insults
- to be officious or active in, give oneself up to, devote oneself to a thing
- to boast, act conceitedly, be officious, show off, display, parade, throw one’s weight around, make oneself conspicuous, flaunt oneself
“Tenet ille immānia saxa, vestrās, Eure, domōs; illā sē iactet in aulā
“He controls those monstrous rocks, [which are] your abode, Eurus; let Aeolus flaunt himself in that palace, and rule in the locked prison of the winds.” (Neptune (mythology) dismisses Eurus and the other winds with a derogatory warning for their king, Aeolus (son of Hippotes).)29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 1.139–141 - Medieval Latinto invest
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
hūc illūc iaciō; etiam mē iactō = dē mē magna dīcō.iactō -āre — in Mille Verba, Certāmina Gymnica
hūc illūc agitōiactō -āre — in Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 12, 19
hūc illūc violenter mittōiactō -āre — in Aeneis, ch. 1
Conjugation conjugation 1
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | iactō | iactābam | iactābō | iactāvī | iactāveram | iactāverō iactārō |
| 2nd sg. | iactās | iactābās | iactābis | iactāvistī iactāstī | iactāverās iactārās | iactāveris |
| 3rd sg. | iactat | iactābat | iactābit | iactāvit | iactāverat iactārat | iactāverit iactārit |
| 1st pl. | iactāmus | iactābāmus | iactābimus | iactāvimus | iactāverāmus | iactāverimus iactārimus |
| 2nd pl. | iactātis | iactābātis | iactābitis | iactāvistis jactāstis, iactāstis | iactāverātis iactārātis | iactāveritis iactāritis |
| 3rd pl. | iactant | iactābant | iactābunt | iactāvērunt iactāvēre, iactārunt | iactāverant iactārant | iactāverint iactārint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | iactem | iactārem | iactāverim iactārim | iactāvissem iactāssem |
| 2nd sg. | iactēs | iactārēs | iactāverīs | iactāvissēs iactāssēs |
| 3rd sg. | iactet | iactāret | iactāverit iactārit | iactāvisset iactāsset |
| 1st pl. | iactēmus | iactārēmus | iactāverīmus iactārīmus | iactāvissēmus iactāssēmus |
| 2nd pl. | iactētis | iactārētis | iactāverītis iactārītis | iactāvissētis iactāssētis |
| 3rd pl. | iactent | iactārent | iactāverint iactārint | iactāvissent iactāssent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | iactor | iactābar | iactābor |
| 2nd sg. | iactāris iactāre | iactābāris iactābāre | iactāberis iactābere |
| 3rd sg. | iactātur | iactābātur | iactābitur |
| 1st pl. | iactāmur | iactābāmur | iactābimur |
| 2nd pl. | iactāminī | iactābāminī | iactābiminī |
| 3rd pl. | iactantur | iactābantur | iactābuntur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | iacter | iactārer |
| 2nd sg. | iactēris iactēre | iactārēris iactārēre |
| 3rd sg. | iactētur | iactārētur |
| 1st pl. | iactēmur | iactārēmur |
| 2nd pl. | iactēminī | iactārēminī |
| 3rd pl. | iactentur | iactārentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | iactā | iactāre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | iactāte | iactāminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | iactātō | iactātor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | iactātō | iactātor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | iactātōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | iactantō | iactantor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | iactāre | iactārī iactārier |
| perfect infinitive | iactāvisse iactāsse | iactātum esse |
| future infinitive | iactātūrum esse | iactātum īrī |
| present participle | iactāns iactante, iactantem, iactantēs, iactantī, iactantia, iactantibus, iactantis, iactantīs, iactantium | — |
| perfect participle | — | iactātus iactāta, iactātā, iactātae, iactātam, iactātārum, iactātās, iactātī, iactātōrum, iactātōs |
| future participle | iactātūrus iactātūra, iactātūrā, iactātūrae, iactātūram, iactātūrārum, iactātūrās, iactātūre, iactātūrī, iactātūrīs, iactātūrō, iactātūrōrum, iactātūrōs, iactātūrum | iactandus iactanda, iactandā, iactandae, iactandam, iactandārum, iactandās, iactande, iactandīs, iactandōrum, iactandōs |
gerundiactandī, iactandō, iactandumsupineiactātum, iactātū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- fluctibus iactari
- tossed hither and thither by the waves.
- minas iacere, iactare
- to use threats.
- aestu et febri iactari
- to have a severe attack of fever.
- multis casibus iactari
- to experience the ups and downs of life.
- nummus iactatur (Off. 3. 20. 80)
- the bank-rate varies.
jacto, āvi, ātum (jactarier, Lucr. 6, 556; Enn. Tr. 130), 1, v. freq. a. jacio,
I. to throw, cast, hurl.
I. Lit.:
semen, to scatter, Varr. R. R. 1, 42: semina per undas, Ov. M. 4, 748: jactato flore tegente vias, id. Tr. 4, 2, 50: irrita sacrilega jactas incendia dextra, id. M. 14, 539: hastas, Cic. de Or. 2, 78, 316: vestem argentumque de muro, Caes. B. G. 7, 47: lapides vacuum in orbem, Verg. G. 1, 62: cinerem per agros, id. ib. 1, 81: se muris in praeceps, Curt. 5, 6, 7; of casting a net: rete, Dig. 19, 1, 12; also of dicethrowing: talos arripio, jacto basilicum, Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 79; cf.: numerosque manu jactabat eburnos, Ov. A. A. 2, 203; id. ib. 3, 355; Suet. Aug. 71.—B. Transf.
1. To throw or toss about; to shake, flourish:
crura, Lucr. 4, 991: brachia in numerum, id. 4, 769: manus, Quint. 11, 3, 179; 10, 3, 21: umeros, id. 11, 3, 130: tinnula manu, Ov. Tr. 1, 1, 38: tintinnabulum, Phaedr. 2, 7, 5: onerosa pallia, Juv. 6, 236: cerviculam, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 19, § 49: nisi se suo more jactavisset, i. e. to make gestures, id. Brut. 60, 217: cum multum se Curio ex more jactasset, Quint. 11, 3, 129: exsultare immoderateque jactari, Cic. Div. 1, 29, 60: corpus in suo sanguine, to wallow, Ov. M. 10, 721: videntes, Verg. G. 2, 355: a facie manus, to throw kisses, Juv. 3, 106; cf.: jactare basia, id. 4, 118: oculos, Lucr. 4, 1133: lumina, Ov. H. 3, 11: jugum, i. e. to be restless, rebellious, Juv. 13, 22.—2. To drive hither and thither, to drive about:
cum adversā tempestate in alto jactarentur, Cic. Inv. 2, 31, 95; Ov. H. 17, 235; Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 15; Ov. Tr. 3, 2, 15: ut Aeneas pelago ... omnia circum Litora jactetur, Verg. A. 1, 668; 10, 48; 1, 182: jactati aequore toto Troes, id. ib. 1, 29; Ov. M. 11, 441 al.: si quando, ut fit, jactor in turba, etc., Cic. Planc. 7, 17: jactatur domi suae homo honestissimus, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 67: aestu febrique jactari, id. Cat. 1, 13.—So of the sea: ut jactetur aqua, Lucr. 6, 553: cito mutata est jactati forma profundi, Ov. H. 19, 77: aequora, id. Tr. 4, 4, 57.—3. To throw away:
merces, Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 43: arma, Liv. 9, 12; Curt. 3, 3, 9.—Esp., to throw overboard, throw into the sea, Dig. 47, 2, 43, § 10; 14, 2, 4, § 2: jactatur rerum utilium pars maxima, Juv. 12, 52.—4. To throw out, emit, spread:
luna suam jactat de corpore lucem, Lucr. 5, 576: voces per umbram, Verg. A. 2, 768.—II. Trop.
A. To torment, disquiet, disturb:
jactor, crucior, agitor, stimulor, Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 4: nolo te jactari diutius, id. Trin. 3, 2, 59: ipsa velut navis jactor, Ov. H. 21, 41: jactari morbis, Lucr. 3, 507: clamore et convicio, Cic. Fam. 1, 5: aliquem, id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 45.—B. Jactare se or jactari, not to be firm, to waver, Cic. Tusc. 4, 10.—Of money, to fluctuate in value:
jactabatur temporibus illis nummus sic, ut nemo posset scire, quid haberet, Cic. Off. 3, 20, 80. —C. To consider, examine, discuss:
pluribus praesentibus eas res jactari nolebat, Caes. B. G. 1, 18: multa totā die in concilio variis jactata sermonibus erant, i. e. discussed, not decided, Liv. 1, 50, 3: pectore curas, Verg. A. 1, 227: jactari magis quam peragi accusatio ejus poterat, discussed without a conclusion, to no purpose, Liv. 10, 46, 16.—D. To discuss, mention, intimate, pronounce, throw out, utter, speak, say, name, propose a thing:
rem jactare sermonibus, Liv. 8, 29: ultro citroque, id. 7, 9: jactamus jam pridem omnis te Roma beatum, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 18: talia jactanti, etc., Verg. A. 1, 102: jactatum in condicionibus nequiquam de Tarquiniis in regnum restituendis, Liv. 2, 13, 3: hanc autem jactari magis causam quam veram esse, to be rather the pretext than the true reason, id. 5, 53, 2.—E. To throw or fling out threats, etc.:
jactare et opponere terrorem, Cic. Sest. 23, 52: minas, id. Quint. 14, 47: probra in quempiam, Liv. 29, 9; cf.: convicia, Prop. 3, 8, 11.—F. To boast of, vaunt a thing:
ostentare honorem aetatis, jactare urbanam gratiam et dignitatem, Caes. B. C. 3, 83: ingenium, Quint. 3, 1, 3: genus et nomen, Hor. C. 1, 14, 13: regna et virtutem, Ov. H. 16, 81: quo te jactas creatum, id. M. 9, 23; Curt. 8, 1, 23.—G. With se, to talk boastfully of one's self, to boast, make an ostentatious display.
(a). Absol.:
intolerantius se jactare, Cic. de Or. 2, 52, § 209: non jactandi mei causā, Quint. Decl. 268.—(b). With dat.:
se alicui, to boast of one's self to a person, Ov. H. 12, 175: se Iliae querenti ultorem, Hor. C. 1, 2, 18; Liv. 35, 49, 3: ipse cum se jactaret amicae, Juv. 1, 62.—(g). With in or simple abl.:
cum in eo se in contione jactavisset, Cic. Att. 2, 1, 5: ne quis sit lucus, quo se plus jactet Apollo, Verg. E. 6, 73.—(d). With de:
jactat se jamdudum de Calidio, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 21, § 46.— (ε) With gen.: se justitiae, Hier. Ep. 23, 34. —(ζ) With two acc.: se jactare formosum, Phaedr. 3, 8, 6.—H. To carry one's self confidently or conceitedly:
qui antea solitus esset jactare se magnificentissime in illo loco, Cic. Att. 2, 21, 3.—I. To be officious or active in, to give one's self up to, devote one's self to a thing:
jactare se in causis centumviralibus, Cic. de Or. 1, 38, 173: nostrum hoc tempus aetatis forensi labore jactari, id. Q. Fr. 3, 5: in qua (re publica) tu non valde te jactas, id. Fam. 2, 15, 3: se actionibus tribuniciis, Liv. 3, 1.—K. Se in pecuniis, to be prodigal of one's money, Cic. Cat. 2, 9.—Hence, jactans, antis, P. a., boasting, bragging, boastful, vainglorious.
1. Lit.: insolens, arrogans, jactans, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 322, 13:
epistolae jactantes et gloriosae, Plin. Ep. 3, 9: neque vereor ne jactantior videar, etc., id. ib. 9, 23; so Verg. A. 6, 815: jactantior hic paulo est, Hor. S. 1, 3, 50.—With gen.: tumidus ae sui jactans, Quint. 11, 1, 50: plebis jactantissimus amator, Spart. Hadr. 17.—2. Transf., proud, noble, splendid:
septemgemino jactantior aethera pulset Roma jugo, Stat. S. 4, 1, 6; Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 1.—Adv.: jactanter, boastfully, ostentatiously: minae jactanter sonantes, Amm. 27, 2, 3; Prud. Ham. 170.—Comp.: jactantius maerere, Tac. A. 2, 77: litteras componere, id. H. 3, 53; Prud. Ham. 170.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
iactō āvī, ātus, āre, freq.
iacio, to throw, cast, hurl: semina per undas, scatter, O.: hastas: de muro vestem, Cs.: cinerem per agros, V.: Saxa saxis (i. e. in saxa), O.—To throw about, toss about, shake, flourish: diu iactato bracchio, Cs.: tinnula manu, O.: cerviculam: homines febri iactantur: corpus in suo sanguine, wallow, O.: bidentes, swing, V.: a facie manūs, throw kisses, Iu.: basia, Iu.: lumina, O.: iugum, i. e. be rebellious, Iu.—To drive hither and thither, drive about, toss: tempestate in alto iactari: te in alto, H.: hiems iactat viros, O.: iactor in turbā.—To throw away: passim arma, L.: Iactatur rerum utilium pars, thrown overboard, Iu.—To throw out, emit, spread: odorem, V.: voces per umbram, V.—Fig., to torment, disquiet, disturb, stir: morbo iactari eodem, H.: clamore et convicio: inrita iurgia, stir up, V.: iactabatur nummus sic, ut, etc., i. e. fluctuated in value.—To consider, examine, discuss: eas res iactari nolebat, Cs.: multa variis iactata sermonibus erant, i. e. talked about, L.: pectore curas, V.—To throw out, make prominent, pronounce, utter, speak, say: querimoniae ultro citroque iactatae, L.: te beatum, H.: Talia iactanti, etc., V.: hanc autem iactari magis causam quam veram esse, is made a pretext, L.: minas: haec incondita Montibus, V. —With prae se, utter confidently, V.—To boast of, vaunt, plume oneself upon: gratiam, Cs.: et genus et nomen, H.: Romam vos expugnaturos iactabatis, L.: lucus, quo se plus iactet Apollo, delights, V.—With se, to exhibit oneself, show off, make a display, boast, take pride: intolerantius se: iactantibus se opinionibus inconstanter, conflicting: te maritae, O.: legatis regis eum se iactasse, i. e. impose on the legates, L.: se in pecuniis, make a prodigal display: se de Calidio: Ullo se alumno, V.: se formosum, Ph.—To be officious, be active in, devote oneself to: se in causis: nostrum hoc tempus aetatis forensi labore iactari: tribuniciis se actionibus, L.
Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*(H)yeh₁-
- Latiniactō
Proto-Indo-European *(H)yéh₁kt ~ *(H)ih₁kéntder. Latin iaciō Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Italic *-tos Latin -tus Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin -tō Latin iactō From iaciō (“to throw”) + -tō (frequentative suffix). See iactus.
Borrowings
- Portuguesejactar
- Spanishjactar
- Galicianxactar
- Sicilianjattari
Elsewhere
- Late Latiniectō
In English words that came into English from iactō
- jettyiectāre
- jettisoniactō
- pargetiactō
- jactitationiactitio
- jessiactare
- pargeporro
- jactitateiactitātus
- jactancyjactantia