verbthird conjugation, deponent
fruor
fruor (present infinitive fruī, perfect active frūctus sum or fruitus sum)
Classical[ˈfru.ɔr]Ecclesiastical[ˈfruː.or]
frūcta sg. nom. f. perf. act. ptcp.; pl. nom. n. perf. act. ptcp.; pl. acc. n. perf. act. ptcp.; sg. abl. f. perf. act. ptcp.; sg. voc. f. perf. act. ptcp.; pl. voc. n. perf. act. ptcp.№ 923 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- deponentto enjoy; to derive pleasure from
- deponentto engage (in)
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
habeō et gaudeō; vītā fruī.fruor fruī frūctus — in Mille Verba, Convīvium
cum gaudiō ūtorfruor -ī — in IVLIANVS I: Gallia, ch. 3
ūtor cum gaudiōfruor -ī (cum abl) — in IVLIANVS I: Gallia, ch. 15
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Uti · Usurpare · Frui · Frunisci
Uti and usurpare denote the mere act of using, by which a person turns a thing to his advantage; but uti (from οἴω) a permanent use; usurpare (usui rapere) a single act of using; whereas frui and the antiquated word frunisci (from φρονεῖν), the pleasant feeling of this use, as to enjoy; frui is the primitive, frunisci the inchoative of the verb. Sen. Vit. B. 10. Tu voluptate frueris, ego utor. Flor. ii. 6. Hannibal cum victoria posset uti, frui maluit. Cic. Rosc. Am. 45, 131. Commoda, quibus utimur, lucem, qua fruimur, spiritumque, quem ducimus, a Deo nobis dari. Cic. Cat. iii. 2, 5. Quorum opera . . . assidue utor; comp. with Fin. ii. 35, 118. In ea, quam sæpe usurpabas, tranquillitate degere omnem vitam. Cic. Orat. 51, 169. Post inventa conclusio est, qua credo usuros veteres illos fuisse, si jam nota et usurpata res esset. (iii. 134.)
Conjugation conjugation 3 deponent
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | fruor | fruēbar | fruar | — | — | — |
| 2nd sg. | frueris fruere | fruēbāris fruēbāre | fruēris fruēre | — | — | — |
| 3rd sg. | fruitur | fruēbātur | fruētur | — | — | — |
| 1st pl. | fruimur | fruēbāmur | fruēmur | — | — | — |
| 2nd pl. | fruiminī | fruēbāminī | fruēminī | — | — | — |
| 3rd pl. | fruuntur | fruēbantur | fruentur | — | — | — |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | fruar | fruerer | — | — |
| 2nd sg. | fruāris fruāre | fruerēris fruerēre | — | — |
| 3rd sg. | fruātur | fruerētur | — | — |
| 1st pl. | fruāmur | fruerēmur | — | — |
| 2nd pl. | fruāminī | fruerēminī | — | — |
| 3rd pl. | fruantur | fruerentur | — | — |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | fruere | — |
| pres. 2nd pl. | fruiminī | — |
| fut. 2nd sg. | fruitor | — |
| fut. 3rd sg. | fruitor | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | fruuntor | — |
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | fruī | — |
| perfect infinitive | frūctum esse fruitum esse | — |
| future infinitive | frūctūrum esse fruitūrum esse | — |
| present participle | fruēns | — |
| perfect participle | frūctus fruitus, frūcta, frūctā, frūctae, frūctam, frūctārum, frūctās, frūcte, frūctī, frūctīs, frūctō, frūctōrum, frūctōs | fruita fruitā, fruitae, fruitam, fruitārum, fruitās, fruite, fruitī, fruitīs, fruitō, fruitōrum, fruitōs |
| future participle | frūctūrus fruitūrus, frūctūra, frūctūrā, frūctūrae, frūctūram, frūctūrārum, frūctūrās, frūctūre, frūctūrī, frūctūrīs, frūctūrō, frūctūrōrum, frūctūrōs, frūctūrum, fruitūra, fruitūrā, fruitūrae, fruitūram, fruitūrārum, fruitūrās, fruitūre, fruitūrī, fruitūrīs, fruitūrō, fruitūrōrum, fruitūrōs, fruitūrum | fruendus |
gerundfruendī, fruendō, fruendumsupinefrūctum, frūctū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- otio frui
- to be at leisure.
- voluptatibus frui
- to take one's fill of enjoyment.
- vita or hac luce frui
- to enjoy the privilege of living; to be alive.
- hoc solacio frui, uti
- to solace oneself with the thought...
- fructus demetere or percipere
- to reap.
- aliquid ad meum fructum redundat
- I am benefited by a thing.
- fructus condere (N. D. 2. 62. 156)
- to harvest crops.
- fructus ex hac re redundant in or ad me
- (great) advantage accrues to me from this.
1 more phrases
- fructum (uberrimum) capere, percipere, consequi ex aliqua re
- to derive (great) profit , advantage from a thing.
frŭor, fructus (
I. perf. fruitus est, Dig. 7, 4, 29:
fruiti sumus, Sen. Ep. 93, 7: fructus sum, Vell. 2, 104, 3; Lucr. 3, 940; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 562; part. fut. fruiturus, v. in the foll.; imp. FRVIMINO, Inscr. Orell. 3121; as famino from fari, see below, II.), 3, v. dep. n. [for frugvor, from the root FRVG, of fruges, fructus; Goth. bruk-jan; Germ. brauchen, to use], to derive enjoyment from a thing, to enjoy, delight in (with a more restricted signif. than uti, to make use of a thing, to use it; cf.: Hannibal cum victoria posset uti, frui maluit, relictaque Roma Campaniam peragrare, Flor. 2, 6, 21: tu voluptate frueris, ego utor: tu illam summum bonum putas, ego nec bonum, Sen. Vit. Beat. 10 fin.; cf.: id est cujusque proprium quo quisque fruitur atque utitur, Cic. Fam. 7, 30, 2). Constr. with abl.; less freq. with acc. or absol. I. In gen.
(a). With abl., Plaut. As. 5, 2, 68:
utatur suis bonis oportet et fruatur, qui beatus futurus est, Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 103; cf.: plurimis maritimis rebus fruimur atque utimur, id. ib. 2, 60, 152: commoda, quibus utimur, lucemque, qua fruimur, id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131: aevo sempiterno, id. Rep. 6, 13; cf.: immortali aevo, Lucr. 2, 647: vitā, Cic. Clu. 61, 170; id. Cat. 4, 4, 7; Sall. C. 1, 3; Tac. A. 16, 17; Sen. Ep. 61, 2: omnibus in vita commodis una cum aliquo, Caes. B. G. 3, 22, 2: voluptatibus, Cic. Rep. 3, 12; v. infra: optimis rebus, Phaedr. 4, 24, 9: gaudio, Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 2: meo amore, Prop. 2, 1, 48; cf. thalamis, Ov. F. 3, 554: etiam his, quae nec cibo nec poculo sunt, frui dicimur, etc., Donat. ad Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 46: recordatione nostrae amicitiae, Cic. Lael. 4, 15: usu alicujus et moribus, id. ib. 9, 32: securitate (animus), id. ib. 13, 44: timore paventum, Sil. 12, 566; cf. poenă, Mart. 8, 30, 3: quod (genus vitae), virtute fruitur, Cic. Fin. 4, 6, 15 Madv. N. cr. al.: quo (spectaculo) fructus sum, Vell. 2, 104, 3: omnium rerum cognitione fructi sumus, Sen. Ep. 93 med.: non meo nomine, sed suo fructus est emptor, Dig. 7, 4, 29: mundo, Manil. 1, 759: eum esse beatum, qui praesentibus voluptatibus frueretur confideretque se fruiturum aut in omni aut in magna parte vitae, Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 38.—Of personal objects, to enjoy one's society: neque te fruimur et tu nobis cares, Cic. Att. 2, 1, 4: Attico, Nep. Att. 20: ut sinat Sese alternas cum illo noctes hac frui, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 68: cara conjuge, Tib. 3, 3, 32: viro, Prop. 2, 9, 24.—(b). With acc.:
pabulum frui occipito, Cato, R. R. 149, 1: ea, quae fructus cumque es, periere profusa, Lucr. 3, 940: meo modo ingenium frui, Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 21.—In the part. fut. pass. (only so in class. prose): permittitur infinita potestas innumerabilis pecuniae conficiendae de vestris vectigalibus, non fruendis sed alienandis, Cic. Agr. 2, 13, 33; cf. id. Fin. 1, 1, 3: nobis haec fruenda relinqueret, quae ipse servasset, id. Mil. 23, 63: ejus (voluptatis) fruendae modus, id. Off. 1, 30, 106: justitiae fruendae causa, id. ib. 2, 12, 41: agro bene culto nihil potest esse nec usu uberius nec specie ornatius: ad quem fruendum non modo non retardat, verum etiam invitat senectus, id. de Sen. 16, 57: quem (florem aetatis) patri Hannibalis fruendum praebuit, Liv. 21, 3, 4: res fruenda oculis, id. 22, 14, 4.—(g). Absol.:
satiatis et expletis jucundius est carere quam frui, Cic. de Sen. 14, 47: datur: fruare, dum licet, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 104: quae gignuntur nobis ad fruendum, Cic. Leg. 2, 7, 16; cf.: di tibi divitias dederant artemque fruendi, Hor. Ep. 1, 4, 7: fruebamur, cum, etc., were delighted, Plin. Pan. 34, 4.—II. In partic., jurid. t. t., to have the use and enjoyment of a thing, to have the usufruct:
quid? si constat, hunc non modo colendis praediis praefuisse, sed certis fundis patre vivo frui solitum esse? Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 44: EVM AGRVM POSIDERE FRVIQVE VIDETVR OPORTERE, Inscr. Orell. 3121 (A. U. C. 637); cf.: AGRVM POSIDEBVNT FRVENTVRQVE, ib.: AGRVM NEI HABETO NIVE FRVIMINO, ib.; and: QVOD ANTE K. IAN. FRVCTI SVNT ERVNTQVE VECTIGAL, ib.: ut censores agrum Campanum fruendum locarent, Liv. 27, 11, 8; cf. id. 32, 7, 3: qui in perpetuum fundum fruendum conduxerunt a municipibus, etc., Dig. 6, 3, 1; cf. Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 27.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
fruor frūctus (P. fut. fruitūrus, C.), ī, dep.
1 FVG-, to derive enjoyment from, enjoy, delight in : fruare, dum licet, T.: ars fruendi, H.: illius commodis, T.: id est cuiusque proprium quo quisque fruitur: maritimis rebus: omnibus in vitā commodis unā cum aliquo, Cs.: deorum Conloquio, V.: somno, O.: frui paratis, i. e. contentment , H.: te, your society : Attico, N.: ingenium, T.: de vestris vectigalibus fruendis: iustitiae fruendae ca<*>sā: quem (florem aetatis) patri fruendum praebuit, L.: facies fruenda mihi, O.—In law, to have the use and enjoyment of, have the usufruct : Huic demus (agellum) qui fruatur, T.: certis fundis: agrum fruendum locare, L.
Origins
From Proto-Italic *frūjōr, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰruHg-ye-ti, from *bʰruHg- (“to use, enjoy”). According to De Vaan, the term followed a development from Proto-Indo-European *bʰruHg-ye- > *frūgje- > *frūje- > *frūwe- > frŭe-. Schrijver suggests that the particular change of *frūje- > *frūwe- is not supported by any other evidence, though he nevertheless considers it phonetically possible, citing pius (“pious”) and fiō (“to become”) as examples of similar developments. However, in a later publication, Schrijver instead provides a development of *frūgje- > *frūje- > fru-, citing that *j was also lost after *u in statuō. The loss of *-j- after *ū would have prevented the regular sound change of *-gy- > -i-, as in aiō. In any case, akin to Proto-Germanic *brūkaną (“to make use of, consume”), whence English brook (Etymology 1).
Descendants
- Catalanfruir
- Italianfruire
- Portuguesefruir
- Spanishfruir
- Interlinguafruer
- Neapolitanfruì