verbthird conjugation
cingō
cingō (present infinitive cingere, perfect active cīnxī, supine cīnctum)
Classical[ˈkɪŋ.ɡoː]Ecclesiastical[ˈt͡ʃiŋ.ɡo]
№ 814 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- to surround, circle, ring, encircle
- to gird on; to crown or garland
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
Conjugation conjugation 3
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | cingō | cingēbam | cingam | cīnxī | cīnxeram | cīnxerō |
| 2nd sg. | cingis | cingēbās | cingēs | cīnxistī | cīnxerās | cīnxeris |
| 3rd sg. | cingit | cingēbat | cinget | cīnxit | cīnxerat | cīnxerit |
| 1st pl. | cingimus | cingēbāmus | cingēmus | cīnximus | cīnxerāmus | cīnxerimus |
| 2nd pl. | cingitis | cingēbātis | cingētis | cīnxistis | cīnxerātis | cīnxeritis |
| 3rd pl. | cingunt | cingēbant | cingent | cīnxērunt cīnxēre | cīnxerant | cīnxerint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | cingam | cingerem | cīnxerim | cīnxissem |
| 2nd sg. | cingās | cingerēs | cīnxerīs | cīnxissēs |
| 3rd sg. | cingat | cingeret | cīnxerit | cīnxisset |
| 1st pl. | cingāmus | cingerēmus | cīnxerīmus | cīnxissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | cingātis | cingerētis | cīnxerītis | cīnxissētis |
| 3rd pl. | cingant | cingerent | cīnxerint | cīnxissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | cingor | cingēbar | cingar |
| 2nd sg. | cingeris cingere | cingēbāris cingēbāre | cingēris cingēre |
| 3rd sg. | cingitur | cingēbātur | cingētur |
| 1st pl. | cingimur | cingēbāmur | cingēmur |
| 2nd pl. | cingiminī | cingēbāminī | cingēminī |
| 3rd pl. | cinguntur | cingēbantur | cingentur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | cingar | cingerer |
| 2nd sg. | cingāris cingāre | cingerēris cingerēre |
| 3rd sg. | cingātur | cingerētur |
| 1st pl. | cingāmur | cingerēmur |
| 2nd pl. | cingāminī | cingerēminī |
| 3rd pl. | cingantur | cingerentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | cinge | cingere |
| pres. 2nd pl. | cingite | cingiminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | cingitō | cingitor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | cingitō | cingitor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | cingitōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | cinguntō | cinguntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | cingere | cingī |
| perfect infinitive | cīnxisse | cīnctum esse |
| future infinitive | cīnctūrum esse | cīnctum īrī |
| present participle | cingēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | cīnctus cīncta, cīnctā, cīnctae, cīnctam, cīnctārum, cīnctās, cīncte, cīnctī, cīnctīs, cīnctō, cīnctōrum, cīnctōs |
| future participle | cīnctūrus cīnctūra, cīnctūrā, cīnctūrae, cīnctūram, cīnctūrārum, cīnctūrās, cīnctūre, cīnctūrī, cīnctūrīs, cīnctūrō, cīnctūrōrum, cīnctūrōs, cīnctūrum | cingendus cingundus, cingenda, cingendā, cingendae, cingendam, cingendārum, cingendās, cingende, cingendīs, cingendōrum, cingendōs |
gerundcingendī, cingendō, cingendumsupinecīnctum, cīnctū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- multitudine hostium cingi
- to be surrounded by the superior force of the enemy.
- oppidum cingere vallo et fossa
- to surround a town with a rampart and fosse.
cingo, xi, nctum, 3, v. a. cf. Gr κυλλός, κυρτός;
Lat. curvus, and clingo, Georg Curtius Griech. Etym. p. 545 sq., I. to go round in a circle, to surround, encompass, environ, gird, wreathe, crown, etc. (class. in prose and poetry).
I. Prop
A. In gen.:
quid autem interius mente? Cingatur igitur corpore externo, i. e. it must be enclosed in a body, Cic. N. D 1, 11, 27: non enim coronà consessus vester cinctus est, ut solebat, id. Mil. 1, 1; cf.: judicium insolitā trepidum cinxere coronă, Luc. 1, 321; tris (navīs) Eurus... Inhdit vadis atque aggere cingit harenae, Verg. A 1, 112: cincta serpentibus Hydra, id. ib 7, 658: pennae ritu coepere volucrum Cingere utrumque latus, to cover, Ov M. 6, 718, apio fasces et secto cingere porro, Col. 10, 371.—B. Esp.
1. To surround the body with a girdle, to gird on (the sword), to gird; esp. freq in pass. with abl., to be girded, encircled with something. iam quasi zonā, liene cinctus ambulo, Plaut Curc. 2, 1, 5; Curt. 3, 3, 19; cf.:
cui lati clavi jus erit, ita cingatur, ut, etc., Quint. 11, 3, 138: ut cingeretur fluxiore cincturā, Suet. Caes. 45: Hispano cingitur gladio, Liv. 7, 10, 5; 38, 21, 13; Suet. Calig 49: ferro, id. Aug. 35: ense, Ov F. 2, 13: cingor fulgentibus armis, Verg A. 2, 749; 11, 188, 11, 536; his cingi telis, id ib. 2, 520: ense latus cingit, Ov F. 2, 784; cf. Stat. Th. 4, 41: cinctas resolvite vestes, Ov M. 1, 382. filios balteis, Vulg. Lev 8, 13.—Poet., in pass with acc. (cf. accingor, II., and Zumpt, Gr § 458): inutile ferrum Cingitur, Verg. A. 2, 511: cinctaeque ad pectora vestes Bracchia docta movent, Ov M. 6, 59.—Without case: Syrinx, Ov M. 1, 695; puer alte cinctus, Hor. S. 2, 8, 10.—Hence, in late Lat. cinctus = armis instructus, armatus, armed, equipped, enrolled: cinctus in aliā militiā, Dig. 39, 1, 38; cf. ib. 39, 1, 25.—As a girding up of the Roman dress was necessary in pursuits requiring physical action, hence, cingor (cf accingor), to make one's self ready for any thing, to prepare: cingitur, certe expedit se, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 152; cingitur ipse furens certatim in proelia Turnus, Verg. A. 11, 486; cf. supra, Quint. 11, 3, 138; Hor S. 2, 8, 10; Ov. M. 6, 59.—2. To encircle with a garland or crown, to crown (freq., esp in the poets).
a. Of the head:
muralique caput summum cinxere coronā, Lucr. 2, 607; cf. Ov A. A. 3, 392 tempora floribus, Hor. C. 3, 25, 20; Verg A. 5, 71: spicis, Tib. 2, 1, 4 et saep.: comam lauro, Hor. C. 3, 30, 16; cf.: Graias barbara vitta comas, Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 78; Verg. A. 12, 163: de tenero cingite flore caput, Ov F 3, 254.—Poet.: Atlantis, cinctum assidue cui nubibus atris Piniferum caput et vento pulsatur et imbri, Verg. A. 4, 248; 7, 658; Prop. 4 (5), 1, 61.—b. To encircle other parts of the body:
cujus lacertos anuli mei cingant, Mart. 11, 100, 2.—3. Of places, to surround, encircle, invest, enclose (the prevailing signif. in prose, esp. in the histt.; syn.: circumdo, claudo): (Tellus) oras maris undique cingens, Lucr. 6, 633; Cat. 64, 185; 64, 286:
flumen Dubis paene totum oppidum cingit, Caes. B. G. 1, 38 provincia mari cincta, Cic. Fl. 12, 27: urbe portus ipse cingitur et continetur, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 37, § 96 Zumpt: quod moenibus cingebatur, Tac. A. 13, 41: quae (terra) magnā ex parte cingitur fluctibus, speciem insulae praebet, etc., Curt. 3, 1, 13; 8, 10, 23; Ov A. A. 2, 469: cingitur insula tribus millibus passuum, i.e. has a circuit of, etc., Plin. 6, 12, 13, § 32.—Poet.: cinxerunt aethera nimbi, covered, Verg. A. 5, 13: medium diem cinxere tenebrae, Sen. Herc. Fur. 939.—Trop.; diligentius urbem religione quam ipsis moenibus cingitis, fortify, Cic. N. D. 3, 40, 94.—4. In milit. lang., to surround a place or army for defence or in a hostile manner, to fortify, to invest, be set, besiege:
coronā militum cincta urbs, Liv. 7, 27, 7: castra vallo, id 7, 39, 8 equites cornua cinxere. covered, id. 23, 29, 3: ultimum agmen validā manu, to cover, Curt. 4, 13, 30: urbem obsidione, to besieye, Verg. A. 3, 52; dextera cingitur amni, id. ib. 9, 469: (hostem) stationibus in modum obsidii, Tac. A. 6, 34: cingi ab armis hostium, Ov. P. 2, 8, 69; Tib. 2, 3, 37, Prop. 3 (4), 3, 42.—Trop Sicilia multis undique cincta persons. Cio. Imp. Pomp 11, 30.—5. To escort, to accompany inermi item regi praetor Achaeorum et unus ex purpuratis latus cingebant, Liv 32, 39, 8:
dum latus sancti cingit tibi turba senatus, Ov P. 4, 9, 17: nec noscitur ulli, Agminibus comitum qui mode cinctus erat, id. Tr. 1, 5, 30: cincta virgo matrum catervā, id M. 12, 216, Vell 2, 14, 1, Tac. A. 1, 77; Sil 4, 448, Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 322—C. To peel off the bark around:
cingere est deglabrare, Dig. 47, 7, 6 Pr, cf. Plin 17, 24, 37, § 234 sqq.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
cingō xī, īnctus, ere,
to go around, surround, encompass, environ, gird, wreathe, crown: Cingatur (mens) corpore: coronā consessus cinctus est: (navīs) aggere cingit harenae, V.: os cinctum serpentibus. — To surround with a girdle, gird on, gird; esp. pass. with abl, to be girded, be encircled: sacerdotes Pellibus cincti, in leather girdles, V.: Hispano cingitur gladio, L.: cingor fulgentibus armis, V.: ense latus cingit, O.: cinctas resolvite vestes, O.: inutile ferrum Cingitur, V.: cinctae ad pectora vestes, O.: puer alte cinctus, i. e. ready, H.—Pass, to gird oneself, make ready, prepare: Cingitur in proelia, V.—To encircle with a garland, crown. tempora pampino, H.: tempora ramis, V. de tenero flore caput, O.—Of places, to surround, encircle, invest, enclose: civitas cincta Gallorum gentibus: flumen oppidum cingit, Cs.: urbe portus ipse cingitur: mare, quo cingi terrarum orbem fides, bounded, Ta.: cinxerunt aethera nimbi, covered, V.—Fig.: diligentius urbem religione quam ipsis moenibus, fortify.—In war, to surround, fortify, invest, beset, besiege: castra vallo, L.: equitatus latera cingebat, Cs.: urbem obsidione, to besiege, V. — Fig.: Sicilia multis undique cincta periculis, beset: flammā Reginam, envelope in the fire of love, V.—To escort, accompany: regi praetor et unus ex purpuratis latus cingebant, L.: cincta virgo matrum catervā, O.
Origins
Within Italic, possibly related to Umbrian śihitu, perhaps hinting at a Proto-Italic form *keng-. However, the further etymology of the term is uncertain. Connections with Proto-Indo-European *kenk-, Lithuanian kinkýti (“to bridle horses”), and Sanskrit कञ्च् (kañc, “to bind”), कञ्चुक (kañcuka, “armor”) have been proposed; however, these terms present phonetic problems regarding their cognacy.
Descendants
- Catalancenyir
- Frenchceindre
- Italiancingere
- Occitancénher
- Occitancénger
- Portuguesecingir
- Romaniancinge
- Romaniancingere
- Sardinianchinghere
- Spanishceñir