adjectivefirst/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er)
ruber
ruber (feminine rubra, neuter rubrum, comparative rubrior, superlative ruberrimus)
Classical[ˈrʊ.bɛr]Ecclesiastical[ˈruː.ber]
Mille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- adjectivered approximately like red ochre (which had a traditional status among the Romans); red that was both common and dignified, somewhat associated with pigment
intereā fax / occidit Ōceanumque rubrā tractim obruit aethrā
meanwhile the torch (i.e., the sun) / goes down and buries the Ocean slowly with the red-lit sky239 BCE – 169 BCE, Ennius, Annales 16.416ager olētō cōnserundō, quī in uentum fauōnium spectābit et sōlī ostentus erit: alius bonus nūllus erit. quī ager frīgidior et macrior erit, ibi oleam liciniānam serī oportet; sīn in locō crassō aut calidō sēueris, hostus nēquam erit et ferundō arbor perībit et muscus ruber molestus erit.
The land for planting an olive-grove on it is that which is facing the west wind and gets sun. No other will be good. If you have land that is rather cold and dry, then the Licinian olive should be planted there; else if you plant it in a wet or a warm place, the olive yield will be wretched and the tree will die giving this yield, and there will be red moss that causes trouble.234 BCE – 149 BCE, Marcus Porcius Cato, De agri cultura 6.2.6 - adjectivemetonymicallyof the Mare Rubrum: of the Red Sea
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
colōre sanguinis et rosārum.ruber -bra -brum — in Mille Verba, Colōrēs
colōris ignis, rūfusruber -bra -brum — in Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 14
Declension
| form | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | in -er ruber, rubellus | rubra rubella | rubrum rubellum |
| genitive | rubrī rubellī | rubrae rubellae | rubrī rubellī |
| dative | rubrō rubellō | rubrae rubellae | rubrō rubellō |
| accusative | rubrum rubellum | rubram rubellam | rubrum rubellum |
| ablative | rubrō rubellō | rubrā rubellā | rubrō rubellō |
| vocative | ruber rubelle, rubre | rubra rubella | rubrum rubellum |
| form | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | rubrī rubellī | rubrae rubellae | rubra rubella |
| genitive | rubrōrum rubellōrum | rubrārum rubellārum | rubrōrum rubellōrum |
| dative | rubrīs rubellīs | rubrīs rubellīs | rubrīs rubellīs |
| accusative | rubrōs rubellōs | rubrās rubellās | rubra rubella |
| ablative | rubrīs rubellīs | rubrīs rubellīs | rubrīs rubellīs |
| vocative | rubrī rubellī | rubrae rubellae | rubra rubella |
rŭber, bra, brum (collat. form, nom. rŭbrus, Sol. 40, 23), adj. Sanscr. rudhira, blood; Gr. ἐρυθρός, red; ef. rufus.
I. Red, ruddy (cf.:
rufus, russus): umor, Lucr. 4, 1051: sanguis, Hor. C. 3, 13, 7: cruore pannus, id. Epod. 17, 51: coccus, id. S. 2, 6, 102: jubar, Lucr. 4, 404; cf. flamma, Ov. M. 11, 368: Priapus, painted red, id. F. 1, 415: inguen, id. ib. 1,400 (cf. rubicundus): (sol) cum Praecipitem oceani rubro lavit aequore currum, i. e. reddened by the setting sun, Verg. G. 3,359; cf.: juvenum recens Examen Eois timendum Partibus Oceanoque rubro, the Eastern (i. e. Indian) Ocean, Hor. C. 1, 35, 32 (cf. infra, II.): rubriore pilo, Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 180: nitri quam ruberrimi, Cels. 5, 18, 31 et saep. —Poet.: leges majorum (because their titles were written in red letters), Juv. 14, 192.—II. As adj. prop.
A. Rubrum Mare, the Red Sea, the Arabian and Persian Gulfs, Mel. 1, 10; 3, 7, 8; 3, 8, 1; Plin. 6, 23, 28, § 107; Curt. 8, 9, 14; Cic. N. D. 1, 35, 97; Nep. Hann. 2, 1; Tib. 2, 4, 30; Prop. 1, 14, 12; 3, 13 (4, 12), 6; Sil. 12, 231; Liv. 42, 52, 12.—Poet.:
rubra aequora, Prop. 1, 14, 12; Vulg. Heb. 11, 29 et saep.—B. Saxa Rubra, a place between Rome and Veii, near the river Cremera, with stone-quarries, now Grotta rossa, Cic. Phil. 2, 31, 77; Liv. 2, 49 fin.; Tac. H. 3, 79;
called breves Rubrae, Mart. 4, 64, 15.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
ruber bra, brum, adj.
RVB-, red, ruddy : sanguis, H.: coccus, H.: Priapus, painted red , O.: oceani rubrum aequor, i. e. reddened by the setting sun , V.: Oceanus, the Eastern Ocean , H.: leges maiorum, with red titles , Iu.: Rubrum Mare, the Red Sea, the Arabian and Persian Gulfs , C., L., N.: Saxa Rubra, a place in Etruria, near the river Cremera, with stone-quarries , C., L.
Origins
From Proto-Italic *ruðros, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰrós (“red”), from the root *h₁rewdʰ-. Cognates include Ancient Greek ἐρῠθρός (erŭthrós), Sanskrit रु॒धि॒र (rudhirá), Old East Slavic ръдръ (rŭdrŭ) (< Proto-Slavic *rъdrъ). Compare the term rūfus (“red, reddish”).
Descendants
- Italianrubro
- Portugueserubro
- Spanishrubro
- Corsicanrubru
- Corsicanrubriu
- Corsicanrubbriu
- TranslingualHalorubrum