verbfirst conjugation
respīrō
respīrō (present infinitive respīrāre, perfect active respīrāvī, supine respīrātum)
Classical[rɛsˈpiː.roː]Ecclesiastical[resˈpiː.ro]
Meaning
- transitiveto blow or breathe back; to breathe out, exhale
- intransitiveto take breath; to breathe, respire
- figurativelyintransitiveto fetch one's breath again, recover breath; to recover, revive, be relieved or refreshed after anything difficult
- figurativelyintransitiveto abate, diminish, cease
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
spīritum dūcō, quiēscōrespīrō -āre — in Metamorphoses I, ch. 24
Conjugation conjugation 1
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | respīrō | respīrābam | respīrābō | respīrāvī | respīrāveram | respīrāverō |
| 2nd sg. | respīrās | respīrābās | respīrābis | respīrāvistī | respīrāverās | respīrāveris |
| 3rd sg. | respīrat | respīrābat | respīrābit | respīrāvit | respīrāverat | respīrāverit |
| 1st pl. | respīrāmus | respīrābāmus | respīrābimus | respīrāvimus | respīrāverāmus | respīrāverimus |
| 2nd pl. | respīrātis | respīrābātis | respīrābitis | respīrāvistis | respīrāverātis | respīrāveritis |
| 3rd pl. | respīrant | respīrābant | respīrābunt | respīrāvērunt respīrāvēre | respīrāverant | respīrāverint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | respīrem | respīrārem | respīrāverim | respīrāvissem |
| 2nd sg. | respīrēs | respīrārēs | respīrāverīs | respīrāvissēs |
| 3rd sg. | respīret | respīrāret | respīrāverit | respīrāvisset |
| 1st pl. | respīrēmus | respīrārēmus | respīrāverīmus | respīrāvissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | respīrētis | respīrārētis | respīrāverītis | respīrāvissētis |
| 3rd pl. | respīrent | respīrārent | respīrāverint | respīrāvissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | respīror | respīrābar | respīrābor |
| 2nd sg. | respīrāris respīrāre | respīrābāris respīrābāre | respīrāberis respīrābere |
| 3rd sg. | respīrātur | respīrābātur | respīrābitur |
| 1st pl. | respīrāmur | respīrābāmur | respīrābimur |
| 2nd pl. | respīrāminī | respīrābāminī | respīrābiminī |
| 3rd pl. | respīrantur | respīrābantur | respīrābuntur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | respīrer | respīrārer |
| 2nd sg. | respīrēris respīrēre | respīrārēris respīrārēre |
| 3rd sg. | respīrētur | respīrārētur |
| 1st pl. | respīrēmur | respīrārēmur |
| 2nd pl. | respīrēminī | respīrārēminī |
| 3rd pl. | respīrentur | respīrārentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | respīrā | respīrāre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | respīrāte | respīrāminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | respīrātō | respīrātor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | respīrātō | respīrātor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | respīrātōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | respīrantō | respīrantor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | respīrāre | respīrārī |
| perfect infinitive | respīrāvisse | respīrātum esse |
| future infinitive | respīrātūrum esse | respīrātum īrī |
| present participle | respīrāns | — |
| perfect participle | — | respīrātus |
| future participle | respīrātūrus | respīrandus |
gerundrespīrandī, respīrandō, respīrandumsupinerespīrātum, respīrātū
Lewis & Short A Latin Dictionary, 1879
rē-spīro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n.
I. Lit., to blow or breathe back; to breathe out, exhale (class.; esp. in the trop. signif.):
quod nisi respirent venti, vis nulla refrenet Res ... nunc quia respirant, etc., Lucr. 6, 568 sq.: cum aspera arteria ad pulmones usque pertineat excipiatque animam eam, quae ducta sit spiritu eandemque a pulmonibus respiret et reddat, Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136: ex eā pars redditur respirando, id. ib. 2, 55, 138: malignum aëra, to exhale, send forth, Stat. S. 2, 2, 78; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 35; and poet.: fistula, i. e. to sound, Calp. Ecl. 4, 74.—II. Transf., in gen., to take breath; to breathe, respire (only neutr.).
A. Lit.:
propius fore eos ad respirandum, Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64; 3, 14, 48: sine respirem, quaeso, Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 20 (with recipere anhelitum); id. Pers. 3, 3, 12: O Clitopho, timeo. Clit. respiro, Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 12; Quint. 8, 5, 14; Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 146: ut non ter deciens respiret, Juv. 14, 28 al.— B. Trop., to fetch one's breath again, to recover breath; to recover, revive, be relieved or refreshed after any thing difficult (as labor, care, etc.); constr. absol. or ab aliquā re.
(a). Absol.:
(improbitas) cujus in animo versatur, numquam sinit eum respirare, numquam acquiescere, Cic. Fin. 1, 16, 52; cf.: si armis positis civitas respiraverit, id. Fam. 6, 2, 2 (with recreari): cum tot negotiis distentus sit, ut libere respirare non possit, id. Rosc. Am. 8, 22: respiravi, liberatus sum, id. Mil. 18, 47: homines respirasse videbantur, id. Sest. 38, 71; id. Att. 2, 24, 5; 7, 13, a, 3; 10, 1: spatium respirandi dare, Liv. 10, 28; 26, 26 fin.; 28, 31; Verg. A. 9, 813 al.: quo animi respirant, Quint. 9, 4, 62.—Impers. pass.: ita respiratum, mittique legationes coeptae, Liv. 29, 4.—(b). With ab:
respirare a metu, Cic. Clu. 70, 200; id. Har. Resp. 23, 48: ab eorum mixtis precibus minisque, Liv 4, 25: a continuis cladibus, id. 22, 18; cf.: aures poëticis voluptatibus a forensi asperitate, Quint. 1, 8, 11.—2. Transf., twice in Cic., of the exertion or passion itself, to abate, diminish, cease (syn.:
remittere, cessare): oppugnatio respiravit, Cic. Phil. 8, 7, 20: cupiditas atque avaritia respirasset, id. Quint. 16, 53.Origins
- Proto-Italic*wre-
- Latinrespīrō
Proto-Indo-European *(s)peys-der.? Latin spīrō Latin respīrō From re- (“back; again”) + spīrō (“to breathe, blow”).
Descendants
- Italianrispirare
- Italianrespirare
- Englishrespirefrom Old French respirer
- Frenchrespirerfrom Old French respirer
- Catalanrespirarfrom Old Occitan respirar
- Occitanrespirarfrom Old Occitan respirar
- Portugueserespirarfrom Old Galician-Portuguese respirar
- Spanishrespirarfrom Old Spanish respirar
- Romanianrespira
- Asturianrespirar