verbfirst conjugation
aspīrō
aspīrō (present infinitive aspīrāre, perfect active aspīrāvī, supine aspīrātum)
Classical[asˈpiː.roː]Ecclesiastical[asˈpiː.ro]
Meaning
- intransitiveto breathe or blow upon
- intransitiveto be favorable to, assist, favor, aid
[…] dī, coeptīs (nam vōs mūtāstis et illa) adspīrāte meīs prīmāque ab orīgine mundī
O gods, favor my undertakings (for you have changed them too), and lead my uninterrupted song down from the first origin of the world to my times!8 CE, Ovidius, Metamorphoses 1.2–4 - intransitiveto aspire or desire (to); approach, come near (to)
- intransitivewith dativeto aspirate (follow a consonant with an audible puff of breath)
- transitiveto breathe or blow upon, infuse, instill
- transitiveto wash
Conjugation conjugation 1
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | aspīrō | aspīrābam | aspīrābō | aspīrāvī | aspīrāveram | aspīrāverō |
| 2nd sg. | aspīrās | aspīrābās | aspīrābis | aspīrāvistī | aspīrāverās | aspīrāveris |
| 3rd sg. | aspīrat | aspīrābat | aspīrābit | aspīrāvit | aspīrāverat | aspīrāverit |
| 1st pl. | aspīrāmus | aspīrābāmus | aspīrābimus | aspīrāvimus | aspīrāverāmus | aspīrāverimus |
| 2nd pl. | aspīrātis | aspīrābātis | aspīrābitis | aspīrāvistis | aspīrāverātis | aspīrāveritis |
| 3rd pl. | aspīrant | aspīrābant | aspīrābunt | aspīrāvērunt aspīrāvēre | aspīrāverant | aspīrāverint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | aspīrem | aspīrārem | aspīrāverim | aspīrāvissem |
| 2nd sg. | aspīrēs | aspīrārēs | aspīrāverīs | aspīrāvissēs |
| 3rd sg. | aspīret | aspīrāret | aspīrāverit | aspīrāvisset |
| 1st pl. | aspīrēmus | aspīrārēmus | aspīrāverīmus | aspīrāvissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | aspīrētis | aspīrārētis | aspīrāverītis | aspīrāvissētis |
| 3rd pl. | aspīrent | aspīrārent | aspīrāverint | aspīrāvissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | aspīror | aspīrābar | aspīrābor |
| 2nd sg. | aspīrāris aspīrāre | aspīrābāris aspīrābāre | aspīrāberis aspīrābere |
| 3rd sg. | aspīrātur | aspīrābātur | aspīrābitur |
| 1st pl. | aspīrāmur | aspīrābāmur | aspīrābimur |
| 2nd pl. | aspīrāminī | aspīrābāminī | aspīrābiminī |
| 3rd pl. | aspīrantur | aspīrābantur | aspīrābuntur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | aspīrer | aspīrārer |
| 2nd sg. | aspīrēris aspīrēre | aspīrārēris aspīrārēre |
| 3rd sg. | aspīrētur | aspīrārētur |
| 1st pl. | aspīrēmur | aspīrārēmur |
| 2nd pl. | aspīrēminī | aspīrārēminī |
| 3rd pl. | aspīrentur | aspīrārentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | aspīrā | aspīrāre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | aspīrāte | aspīrāminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | aspīrātō | aspīrātor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | aspīrātō | aspīrātor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | aspīrātōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | aspīrantō | aspīrantor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | aspīrāre | aspīrārī |
| perfect infinitive | aspīrāvisse | aspīrātum esse |
| future infinitive | aspīrātūrum esse | aspīrātum īrī |
| present participle | aspīrāns | — |
| perfect participle | — | aspīrātus |
| future participle | aspīrātūrus | aspīrandus |
gerundaspīrandī, aspīrandō, aspīrandumsupineaspīrātum, aspīrātū
Lewis & Short A Latin Dictionary, 1879
a-spīro (adsp-, Baiter, Rib., Merk., K. and H.; asp-, Kayser, Halm, Müller), āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a.
I.
I. Neutr.
A. To breathe or blow upon; constr. with ad, the dat., or absol.:
ad quae (granaria) nulla aura umida ex propinquis locis adspiret, Varr. R. R. 1, 57: ut ne ad eum frigus adspiret, Cels. 2, 17: pulmones se contrahunt adspirantes, exhaling, Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 136: Lenius aspirans aură, Cat. 68, 64: amaracus illum Floribus et dulci adspirans complectitur umbrā, Verg. A. 1, 694: adspirant aurae in noctem, rise at or toward night, id. ib. 7, 8: si minuma adspirat aura, Plin. 13, 22, 43, § 124: tibia adspirat choro, accompanies, Hor. A. P. 204 al.—2. Trop.: alicui, to be favorable to, to favor, assist (the figure taken from a fair breeze):
aspira mihi, Tib. 2, 1, 35: quibus aspirabat Amor, id. 2, 3, 71: adspirat primo fortuna labori, Verg. A. 2, 385: adspirate canenti, id. ib. 9, 525: di, coeptis adspirate meis, Ov. M. 1, 3.—Also absol.: magno se praedicat auxilio fuisse, quia paululum in rebus difficillimis aspiravit, Auct. ad Her. 4, 34 (cf. afflo).—B. To aspire to a person or thing, to desire to reach or obtain, i. e. to approach, come near (esp. with the access. idea of striving to attain to); constr. with ad, in with acc., the dat., a local adv., or absol. (class.; freq. in Cic.): qui prope ad ostium adspiraverint, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 4, 142:
quid enim quisquam ad meam pecuniam me invito aspirat? quid accedit? Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54 fin.; so id. Div. in Caecil. 5 fin.: tu ad eum Ciceronem numquam aspirasti, id. Pis. 5 fin.; so id. Fam. 7, 10: omnes aditus tuos interclusi, ut ad me adspirare non posses, id. Tusc. 5, 9, 27: aspirare in curiam, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 31: in campum, id. Sull. 18, 52: ne non modo intrare, verum etiam adspicere aut aspirare possim, id. Caecin. 14; Col. 8, 14, 9: nec equis adspirat Achillis, Verg. A. 12, 352: sed non incendia Colchis adspirare sinit, Val. Fl. 7, 584.— Trop.: sed haec ad eam laudem, quam volumus, aspirare non possunt, arrive at, attain to, Cic. Or. 41, 140: bellicā laude aspirare ad Africanum nemo potest, id. Brut. 21, 84: haec etiam in equuleum coniciuntur, quo vita non adspirat beata, id. Tusc. 5, 5, 13; Gell. 14, 3, 10.—C. In gram., to give the h sound, to aspirate (cf. aspiratio, II. B.):
consonantibus, Quint. 1, 5, 20: Graeci aspirare solent, id. 1, 4, 14; Nigid. ap. Gell. 13, 6, 3.—II. Act.
A. To breathe or blow upon, to infuse, instil; lit. and trop. (poet. or in post-Aug. prose):
Juno ventos adspirat eunti, sends favoring winds, Verg. A. 5, 607: adspiravit auram quandam salutis fortuna, Amm. 19, 6: dictis divinum amorem, Verg. A. 8, 373: novam pectoribus fidem, Claud. Fesc. 14, 16: nobis tantum ingenii aspiret, Quint. 4 prooem. § 4.— * B. To breathe or blow upon; trop. of the sea, to wash:
insula adspiratur freto Gallico, is washed, Sol. 22.Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*h₂éd
- Proto-Italic*ad
- Proto-Italic*ad-
- Latinaspīrō
Proto-Indo-European *(s)peys-der.? Latin spīrō Latin aspīrō From ad- + spīrō (“breathe”).
Descendants
- Englishaspirate
- Englishaspire
- Frenchaspirer
- Germanaspirieren
- Italianaspirare
- Occitanaspirar
- Portugueseaspirar
- Romanianaspira
- Spanishaspirar
- Danishaspirere