verbsecond conjugation, optionally semi-deponent
pudeō
pudeō (present infinitive pudēre, perfect active puduī or puditus sum, supine puditum)
Classical[ˈpʊ.de.oː]Ecclesiastical[ˈpuː.de.o]
pudendus fut. pass. ptcp.
Meaning
- impersonaltransitiveusuallyto cause shame
mē pudet ― I am ashamed
[with accusative ‘person who is ashamed’ and genitive ‘thing/person causing shame’]160 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Adelphoe 754:
Don’t these things shame you?[used personally with a neuter pronoun as subject] - intransitiverareto be ashamed
dum dea fūrtīvōs timidē profitētur amōrēs, caelestemque hominī concubuisse pudet While the goddess timidly confesses her secret desires and – a divine being [with love] for a mortal! – she is ashamed to have slept with [him] …. (The goddess: Fortuna; the mortal: Servius Tullius.)
8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 6.573–574
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Castus · Pudicus · Pudens · Pudibundus
1. Castus (from καθαρός) denotes chastity as a natural quality of the soul, as pure and innocent; whereas pudicus, as a moral sentiment, as bashful and modest. 2. Pudicus, pudicitia, denote natural shame, aversion to be exposed to the gaze of others, and its fruit, chaste sentiment, merely in its sexual relation, like bashfulness; whereas pudens, pudor, denote shame in a general sense, or an aversion to be exposed to the observation of others, and to their contempt, as a sense of honor. Cic. Catil. ii. 11, 25. Ex hac parte pudor pugnat, illinc petulantia; hinc pudicitia, illinc stuprum. 3. Pudicus and pudens denote shame as an habitual feeling; pudibundus as a temporary state of the sense of shame, when excited. (iii. 199.)
Conjugation conjugation 2 deponent
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | pudeō | pudēbam | pudēbō | puduī puditus sum | pudueram puditus eram | puduerō puditus erō |
| 2nd sg. | pudēs | pudēbās | pudēbis | puduistī puditus es | puduerās puditus erās | pudueris puditus eris |
| 3rd sg. | pudet | pudēbat | pudēbit | puduit puditus est | puduerat puditus erat | puduerit puditus erit |
| 1st pl. | pudēmus | pudēbāmus | pudēbimus | puduimus puditī sumus | puduerāmus puditī erāmus | puduerimus puditī erimus |
| 2nd pl. | pudētis | pudēbātis | pudēbitis | puduistis puditī estis | puduerātis puditī erātis | pudueritis puditī eritis |
| 3rd pl. | pudent | pudēbant | pudēbunt | puduērunt puduēre, puditī sunt | puduerant puditī erant | puduerint puditī erint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | pudeam | pudērem | puduerim puditus sim | puduissem puditus essem |
| 2nd sg. | pudeās | pudērēs | puduerīs puditus sīs | puduissēs puditus essēs |
| 3rd sg. | pudeat | pudēret | puduerit puditus sit | puduisset puditus esset |
| 1st pl. | pudeāmus | pudērēmus | puduerīmus puditī sīmus | puduissēmus puditī essēmus |
| 2nd pl. | pudeātis | pudērētis | puduerītis puditī sītis | puduissētis puditī essētis |
| 3rd pl. | pudeant | pudērent | puduerint puditī sint | puduissent puditī essent |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | pudē | — |
| pres. 2nd pl. | pudēte | — |
| fut. 2nd sg. | pudētō | — |
| fut. 3rd sg. | pudētō | — |
| fut. 2nd pl. | pudētōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | pudentō | — |
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | pudēre | — |
| perfect infinitive | puduisse puditum esse | — |
| future infinitive | puditūrum esse | — |
| present participle | pudēns | — |
| perfect participle | puditus | pudita puditā, puditae, puditam, puditārum, puditās, pudite, puditī, puditīs, puditō, puditōrum, puditōs |
| future participle | puditūrus puditūra, puditūrā, puditūrae, puditūram, puditūrārum, puditūrās, puditūre, puditūrī, puditūrīs, puditūrō, puditūrōrum, puditūrōs, puditūrum | pudendus pudenda, pudendā, pudendae, pudendam, pudendārum, pudendās, pudende, pudendīs, pudendōrum, pudendōs |
gerundpudendī, pudendō, pudendumsupinepuditum, puditū
pŭdĕo, ŭi, or pŭdĭtum est, ēre (
I. dep. form pudeatur, Petr. 47, 4), 2, v. a. and n. root pu-, pav-, to strike; Sanscr. paviram, weapon; cf. pavire (puvire), tripudium, etc., to make or be ashamed, to feel shame; to be influenced or restrained by shame or by respect for a person or thing.—In the verb. finit. extremely rare:
ita nunc pudeo, Plaut. Cas. 5, 2, 3: siquidem te quicquam, quod facis, pudet, id. Mil. 3, 1, 30; Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 4: idne pudet te, quia, etc., Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 4: pudet, quod prius non puditum umquam est, id. Cas. 5, 2, 4.—In plur.: non te haec pudent? Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 36: semper metuet, quem Saeva pudebunt, Luc. 8, 495.—Chiefly used as a verb. impers., pudet, ŭit, or pudĭtum est, one is or feels ashamed, it causes a feeling of shame, etc; constr. aliquem alicujus rei, or with a subj.-clause: quos, cum nihil refert, pudet: ubi pudendum est, ibi eos deserit pudor, cum usus est, ut pudeat, Plaut. Ep. 2, 1, 1 sq.: fratris me Pudet, Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 38; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 19: sunt homines, quos infamiae suae neque pudeat neque taedeat, Cic. Verr. 1, 12, 35: pudet me non tui quidem, sed Chrysippi, etc., id. Div. 2, 15, 35: cujus eos non pudere demiror, id. Phil. 10, 10, 22: ceteros pudeat, si qui, etc. . . . me autem quid pudeat? id. Arch. 6, 12; Ov. M. 7, 617: cicatricum et sceleris pudet, Hor. C. 1, 35, 33: nam pudet tanti mali, id. Epod. 11, 7; Plaut. Bacch. 3, 1, 12: tum puderet vivos, tamquam puditurum esset exstinctos, Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 108: deūm me hercle atque hominum pudet, before gods and men, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 67; Liv. 3, 19, 7.—With subj.-clause: pudet Dicere hac praesente verbum turpe: at te id nullo modo Facere puduit, Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 20: puderet me dicere non intellegere, si, etc., Cic. N. D. 1, 39, 109: servire aeternos non puduisse deos? Tib. 2, 3, 30: nec lusisse pudet sed non incidere ludum, Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 36: scripta pudet recitare, id. ib. 1, 19, 42: nonne esset puditum, legatum dici Maeandrium? Cic. Fl. 22, 52.—With supine: pudet dictu, Tac. Agr. 32.—In the gerund: non enim pudendo, sed non faciendo id, quod non decet, impudentiae nomen effugere debemus, Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 120: inducitur ad pudendum, id. Brut. 50, 188.—Hence, A. pŭdens, entis, P. a., shamefaced, bashful, modest (class.):
muta pudens est, Lucr. 4, 1164: pudens et probus filius, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 161: cur nescire, pudens prave, quam discere malo? Hor. A. P. 88: nihil pudens, nihil pudicum in eo apparet, Cic. Phil. 3, 11, 28; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 2: animus, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 68: pudens et liberalis risus, Auct. Her. 3, 13, 23.—Comp., Cic. Pis. 17.—Sup.: homo, Cic. Caecin. 35, 102: vir, id. Fl. 20: femina, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 37, § 94.— Adv.: pŭdenter, modestly, bashfully, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 190 P.; Cic. Quint. 11, 39; id. Vatin. 2, 6: sumere, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 44; id. A. P. 51.—Comp.: pudentius accedere, Cic. de Or. 2, 89, 364; Gell. 12, 11, 5. —Sup.: pudentissime aliquid petere, Cic. Att. 16, 15, 5.—B. pŭdendus, a, um, P. a., of which one ought to be ashamed, shameful, scandalous, disgraceful, abominable (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
ut jam pudendum sit honestiora decreta esse legionum quam senatus, Cic. Phil. 5, 2, 4: vita, Ov. P. 2, 2, 108: vulnera, Verg. A. 11, 55: causa, Ov. H. 5, 98: parentes, Suet. Vit. 2: negotiationes vel privato pudendas exercere, id. Vesp. 16: pudenda miserandaque oratio, id. Tib. 65: pudenda dictu spectantur, Quint. 1, 2, 8; cf.: pudendumque dictu, si, etc., id. 6, 4, 7: luxus, Tac. A. 3, 53: hoc quoque animal (sc. blatta) inter pudenda est, Plin. 29, 6, 39, § 140: proh cuncta pudendi! wholly shameful! Sil. 11, 90: membra, the parts of shame, the privy parts, Ser. Samm. 36, 681.—2. Subst.: pŭdenda, ōrum, n. (sc. membra).
a. The private parts (post-class.), Aus. Per. Odyss. 6; id. Idyll. 6, 85; Aug. Civ. Dei, 14, 17; Sen. ad Marc. 22, 1; Vulg. Nah. 3, 5.—
b. The breech, fundament, Min. Fel. Oct. 28 med.
Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
pudeō uī or puditum est, ere
4 PV-.—Intrans, to be ashamed, feel shame : non simultatem meam Revereri! non pudere! T.: inducitur ad pudendum.—Trans, to make ashamed, put to shame, humiliate : quem neque pudet Quicquam, T.: me quid pudeat, qui? why should I be ashamed? : et sero et nequicquam pudet (sc. te): fratris me Pudet, T.: homines infamiae suae: cuius eos non pudere demiror: Eheu cicatricum et sceleris pudet, H.: pudet deorum hominumque, before gods and men , L.: patris mei meūm factūm pudet, I am ashamed before my father of my deeds , Enn. ap. C.: pudet Dicere hac praesente verbum turpe, T.: nec pudet fateri nescire quod nesciam: Scripta pudet recitare, H.: pudebat Macedones urbem deletam esse, Cu.: nonne esset puditum, legatum dici Maeandrium?—With supin. abl. : pudet dictu, Ta.
Origins
From pre-Latin *pudēō, further origin uncertain. *De Vaan suggests it could be related to Proto-Indo-European *spewd- (“to press, hurry”) or to the root of Latin paviō (“to hit”) or paveō (“to be frightened”). Latin paviō may be from *ph₂u-, cognate to Ancient Greek παίω (paíō), from a root *peh₂w- or *pyeh₂w- (“to hit, strike”). Latin paveō may be from the same root, but Schrijver 1991 prefers to derive it from *pow- (viewing it as cognate with Welsh ofn). *Pokorny 1959 reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *pēu-, *pəu-, *pū̆- (“to cut, strike, hit”). If derived from a root meaning "to hit", compare typologically Proto-Slavic *stydъ (<< Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewd-).
In English words that came into English from pudeō
- impudentimpudēns
- repudiaterepudiātus
- pudendumpudenda
- pudibundpudibundus