verbthird (-iō variant) / fourth conjugation, deponent, no passive
morior
morior (present infinitive morī or morīrī, perfect active mortuus sum)
Classical[ˈmɔ.ri.ɔr]Ecclesiastical[ˈmɔː.ri.or]
moriēns pres. act. ptcp.№ 253 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- deponentto die, be slain, fall (in battle), perish
malim moriri meos quam mendicarier
I would prefer my [family members] to die than to begearly 2nd century BC, Plautus, Vidularia Fragmenta.7(16)Moriēmur inultae / sed moriāmur
“We will die unavenged, but let us die.” (Dido here speaks of herself using the royal we or majestic we, which some translations honor, and others alter to first-person singular: “I shall die…”.)29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.659–660 - deponentto decay, wither
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
vīvere dēsinō.morior -ī mortuus — in Mille Verba, ch. Vīta et Mors
vītam āmittōmorior -ī — in Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 1
quī moriēturmoritūrus -a -um — in Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 1
to die
morior morī — in Viri Romae Facillimi, ch. 18 and Viri Romae Facillimi, ch. 9, 15, 23, 24
dies
moritur — in Viri Romae Facillimi, ch. 6 and Seneca, ch. VI
Conjugation conjugation 4 deponent
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | morior | moriēbar | moriar | — | — | — |
| 2nd sg. | moreris morīris, morere, morīre | moriēbāris moriēbāre | moriēris moriēre | — | — | — |
| 3rd sg. | morī̆tur | moriēbātur | moriētur | — | — | — |
| 1st pl. | morī̆mur | moriēbāmur | moriēmur | — | — | — |
| 2nd pl. | morī̆minī | moriēbāminī | moriēminī | — | — | — |
| 3rd pl. | moriuntur | moriēbantur | morientur | — | — | — |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | moriar | morerer morīrer | — | — |
| 2nd sg. | moriāris moriāre | morerēris morīrēris, morerēre, morīrēre | — | — |
| 3rd sg. | moriātur | morerētur morīrētur | — | — |
| 1st pl. | moriāmur | morerēmur morīrēmur | — | — |
| 2nd pl. | moriāminī | morerēminī morīrēminī | — | — |
| 3rd pl. | moriantur | morerentur morīrentur | — | — |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | morere morīre | — |
| pres. 2nd pl. | morī̆minī | — |
| fut. 2nd sg. | morī̆tor | — |
| fut. 3rd sg. | morī̆tor | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | moriuntor | — |
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | morī morīrī | — |
| perfect infinitive | mortuum esse | — |
| future infinitive | moritūrum esse | — |
| present participle | moriēns | — |
| perfect participle | mortuus | — |
| future participle | moritūrus moritūra, moritūrā, moritūrae, moritūram, moritūrārum, moritūrās, moritūre, moritūrī, moritūrīs, moritūrō, moritūrōrum, moritūrōs, moritūrum | — |
gerundmoriendī, moriendō, moriendumsupinemortuum, mortuū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- oculos operire (morienti)
- to close the eyes of a dying person.
- mortuum in sepulcro condere
- to entomb a dead body.
- aliquem mortuum cremare (Sen. 23. 84)
- to burn a corpse.
mŏrĭor, mortŭus, 3 (
I. fut. part. moriturus, a, um, Cic. Arch. 12, 30; id. Div. 2, 25, 54; 2, 47, 99; Liv. 21, 12, 4; Verg. A. 4, 308; id. ib. 2, 511 et saep.; old forms acc. to the fourth conj.: si vivimu' sive morīmur, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 830 P.; Ann. v. 384 Vahl.; inf. moriri, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 108; id. Capt. 3, 5, 54; id. Rud. 3, 3, 12; id. Ps. 4, 7, 124 Ritschl N. cr.; Ov. M. 14, 215), v. dep. Sanscr. root mar-, die; Gr. μορ- (μρο-, βρο-), μαρ; βροτός, μαραίνω; cf.: morbus, marceo, to die (cf.: pereo, intereo, occĭdo, occumbo, obeo, exspiro; class.).
I. Lit.: vivam an moriar, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. s. v. metus, p. 123 Müll. (Trag. v. 179 Vahl.): ego cum genui, tum morituros scivi, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 13, 28 (Trag. v. 361 Vahl.):
mori, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 4, 24: atque eundem (L. Tarquinium) ... accepimus mortuum esse, cum duodequadraginta regnavisset annos, Cic. Rep. 2, 20, 36: moriendum certe est, id. Sen. 20, 74: desiderio, of desire, id. Att. 1, 3, 1: ut fame senatores quinque morerentur, id. ib. 6, 1, 6: me esse homines mortuom dicant fame, Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 57; so, fame, Sen. Contr. 1, 1, 3; 1, 7, 8: fame et siti, Liv. 7, 35, 8: siti, id. 4, 30, 8; Petr. 10; Pomp. ap. Gell. 10, 24, 5: vigilando, Juv. 3, 232: ex vulnere, of a wound, Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 4: in tormentis, Liv. 40, 23: alterius amore, Ov. Am. 2, 7, 10: curis, Tib. 2, 7, 33 (6, 51): fame, Petr. 10: inediā, Plin. 14, 13, 14, § 89: significabat interruptis atque morientibus vocibus, dying accents, the accents of a dying man, Cic. Cael. 24, 59: mori videbamus in studio dimetiundi paene caeli atque terrae C. Galum, spend his whole life in, id. Sen. 14, 49: cum te complexā morientem, Galle, puellā Vidimus, desperately in love, dying for love, Prop. 1, 10, 5: ei mihi, si quis, Acrius ut moriar, venerit alter amor, id. 2, 4, 1 sq.: moriar, si, may I die, if, etc., Cic. Att. 8, 6, 4.—II. Transf., of things, to die away, decay, to wither away, pass away, to vanish, lose its strength, etc.;
of members of the body: id quod supra vinculum est, moritur, loses its vitality, Cels. 7, 14.—Of plants: rutam et hederas illico mori, die away, perish, Plin. 28, 7, 23, § 78: moriturque ad sibila campus, Stat. Th. 5, 528.—Of fire: flammas vidi nullo concutiente mori, die out, go out, Ov. Am. 1, 2, 11; of comets: donec in exiguum moriens vanesceret ignem, Claud. B. Get. 248: unguenta moriuntur, lose their strength, Plin. 13, 3, 4, § 20.—To end, close: dies quidem jam ad umbilicum est dimidiatus mortuus, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 45.—Comic.: vae illis virgis miseris, quae hodie in tergo morientur meo, will find their death, be destroyed, broken, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 117: ut iste interpositus sermo deliciarum desidiaeque moreretur, Cic. Cael. 31, 76: ne suavissimi hominis memoria moreretur, id. Pis. 38, 93: cum multa cotidie ab antiquis ficta moriantur, fall into disuse, become obsolete, Quint. 8, 6, 32: gratia, Ov. P. 3, 2, 27. —Esp. (in eccl. Lat.), of the loss of moral or spiritual vitality, to die, to lose virtue and divine guidance: in Adam omnes moriuntur, Vulg. 1 Cor. 15, 22: confirma cetera quae moritura erant, id. Apoc. 3, 2; cf. id. Johan. 11, 26; id. Rom. 7, 9.—Hence, mŏrtŭus, a, um, P. a., dead (class.). A. Adj.
1. Lit.:
sanguine tauri poto mortuus concidit, Cic. Brut. 11, 43.—Prov.: mortuum esse alicui, to be dead to one, to wish to have nothing further to do with him, Plaut. Cist. 3, 15.—2. Transf.
a. Of persons, faint, overwhelmed:
cum tu, quod tibi succederetur, exsanguis et mortuus concidisti, Cic. Pis. 36, 88.—b. Of things concr. and abstr., dead, decayed, withered, passed away, etc.:
lacerti, Cic. Sen. 9, 27: flores, Plin. 11, 8, 8, § 18: et antiquae leges, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 18, § 45: plausus, id. Att. 2, 19, 3: mortuā re verba nunc facis. Stultus es, rem actam agis, dead, done with, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 27.—c. Mare mortuum.
(a). The North Sea of Europe, Plin. 4, 13, 27, § 94.—
(b). The Dead Sea of Judea, Just. 36, 3.—
B. Subst.: mŏrtŭus, i, m., a dead person, dead man:
mortuum in domum inferre, Cic. Mil. 27, 75: a mortuis excitare, to awake from the dead, id. de Or 1, 57, 242: amandare aliquem infra mortuos, even below the dead, id. Quint. 15, 49: ut multis mortuus unus sufficeret, Juv. 15, 79: ossa mortuorum, Vulg. Matt. 23, 27.—Prov.: mortuo verba facere, to talk to a dead man, i. e. in vain, Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 18; Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 26.—Esp. (eccl. Lat.), dead, without spiritual life: nomen habes quod vivas et mortuus es, Vulg. Apoc. 3, 1: fides sine operibus mortua est, id. Jac. 2, 26; cf. id. Eph. 2, 1; 5, 14.—Also, dead to any thing, not alive to it, not open to its influence, etc.: peccato, Vulg. Rom. 6, 2: peccatis, id. 1 Pet. 2, 24: legi, id. Gal. 2, 19; cf.: mortui cum Christo ab elementis hujus mundi, id. Col. 2, 20: mortui estis, et vita vestra est abscondita cum Christo in Deo, id. ib. 3, 3.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
morior mortuus (P. fut. moritūrus), ī (morīrī, O.), dep.
1 MAR-, to die, expire : ferme moriens, T.: Mori me malim, would rather die , T.: sine dedecore, S.: fertur moriturus in hostīs, to his death , V.: desiderio, of desire : vigilando, Iu.: in tormentis, L.: significabat interruptis atque morientibus vocibus, dying accents : moriar, si, etc., may I die, if , etc.: quoniam moriendum videbat: morientia lumina Turni, in death , V.— To die away, die out, expire, decay, wither, pass away : flammas vidi nullo concutiente mori, O.: moriens herba, V.: ne suavissimi hominis memoria moreretur.
Origins
From Proto-Italic *moriōr, from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥yétor, from Proto-Indo-European *mer- (“to die”). The oscillation between third and fourth conjugation verbs in this term is comparable to the same variation displayed by other terms with roots ending in -r, such as orior (“to rise, be born”). Moreover, there are some verbs with roots ending in -r that belong to the third conjugation and others to the fourth conjugation, such as the third conjugation term pariō (“to beget”) and the fourth conjugation verb feriō (“to hit”). Weiss tentatively explains this variation as the result of some analogical development, noting that many of these verbs belong to the same semantic field. For instance, morior and orior are antonyms, and pariō can be construed as a causative of orior. Alternatively, Schrivjer interprets this variation is evidence of an original athematic i-present. Cognate with Ancient Greek βροτός (brotós, “mortal”), Proto-Germanic *murþaz, Proto-Celtic *marwos, Lithuanian mirti (“death”), Sanskrit मृत्यु (mṛtyú, “death”), Proto-Slavic *merti. Related to mors (“death”).
Insular Romance
- Sardinianmorrere
- Sardinianmorriri
Italo-Dalmatian
- Italianmorire
- Italianmorì
- Dalmatianmorer
- Dalmatianmorar
- Dalmatianmurar
- Dalmatianmuor
- Istriotmuore
- Sicilianmuririfrom Italian morire
- Neapolitanmorire
- Sicilianmòriri
Gallo-Romance
- Catalanmorir
- Occitanmorir
- Franco-Provençalmorir
- Old Frenchmorir, murir
Ibero-Romance
- Portuguesemorrerfrom Old Galician-Portuguese morrer
- Spanishmorir
- Asturianmorrerfrom Old Leonese morrer
- Leonesemorrerfrom Old Leonese morrer
- Mirandesemorrerfrom Old Leonese morrer
- Galicianmorrerfrom Old Galician-Portuguese morrer
Balkano-Romance
- Romanianmuri
- Aromanianmor, muriri
Rhaeto-Romance
- Friulianmurî
- Ladinmorir
- Ladinmorì
- Romanshmurir
- Romanshmureir
Gallo-Italic
- Emilianmurîr
- Lombardmorì