LATIN DICTIONARYLexicon Latīnum
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“fury” in Latin

The English word fury itself goes back to Latin furō, through furia.

Riddle & Arnold A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon, 1864

fury
rabies (violence, madness, whenever the passions rise to such a height as to deprive the individual of all consciousness or self-command): furor (rage; the state of the highest degree of excitement): saevitia (savage rage, depriving the individual of all self-control; of men and beasts): ira: iracundia (violent anger, rage): saeva vis alicujus rei (fearful power of anything; e.g., morbi). [Vid: RAGE.] To put anybody in a fury, [Vid: RAGE]: to be in a fury [Vid: “to become FURIOUS”].
Plural (Mythology) Furies, furiae: (☞ the name of “Eumenides,” “Erinnyes,” the poets borrowed from the Greek): the furies of a person (i. e., his avenging goddesses), furiae alicujus: to be haunted by them, furiis agitari, vexari: the furies do not leave anybody at rest anywhere, furiae nusquam consistere aliquem patiuntur: invoke the furies, that they may avenge your brother’s crime, furias fraternas concita. ☞ Furia (as deity).

Quick answer

What is the Latin word for fury?
The usual Latin words for “fury” are rabiēs, fūror, saevitia; also īra, īrācundia, furia. The right choice depends on the sense; see the distinctions below.

Entry from J. E. Riddle & T. K. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon (rev. C. Anthon, New York: Harper, 1864), digitised by Fergus J. P. Walsh, CC BY-SA 4.0; Latin markup adapted by latindictionary.co.