verbthird conjugation, no passive, no supine stem
furō
furō (present infinitive furere, perfect active furuī)
Classical[ˈfʊ.roː]Ecclesiastical[ˈfuː.ro]
Meaning
- to rave, rage, or seethe; to be crazed, mad, or frantic
“‘Nāte, quis indomitās tantus dolor excitat īrās?
“‘[My] son, what grief excites such untamed anger? Why [is it] you are raving? Or your care for me, where has it gone?’” (Venus intervenes just as Aeneas reaches for his sword.)29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 2.594–595
Conjugation conjugation 3 no-supine
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | furō | furēbam | furam | furuī | furueram | furuerō |
| 2nd sg. | furis | furēbās | furēs | furuistī | furuerās | furueris |
| 3rd sg. | furit | furēbat | furet | furuit | furuerat | furuerit |
| 1st pl. | furimus | furēbāmus | furēmus | furuimus | furuerāmus | furuerimus |
| 2nd pl. | furitis | furēbātis | furētis | furuistis | furuerātis | furueritis |
| 3rd pl. | furunt | furēbant | furent | furuērunt furuēre | furuerant | furuerint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | furam | furerem | furuerim | furuissem |
| 2nd sg. | furās | furerēs | furuerīs | furuissēs |
| 3rd sg. | furat | fureret | furuerit | furuisset |
| 1st pl. | furāmus | furerēmus | furuerīmus | furuissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | furātis | furerētis | furuerītis | furuissētis |
| 3rd pl. | furant | furerent | furuerint | furuissent |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | fure | — |
| pres. 2nd pl. | furite | — |
| fut. 2nd sg. | furitō | — |
| fut. 3rd sg. | furitō | — |
| fut. 2nd pl. | furitōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | furuntō | — |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | furere | — |
| perfect infinitive | furuisse | — |
| present participle | furēns | — |
gerundfurendī, furendō, furendum
fŭro, ŭi (
I. perf. rare, Sen. Orest. 846; Serv. Verg. A. 1, 41 al.;
usually supplied by insanivi, Diom. p. 376 P.; Prisc. 817 P.; gen. plur. part. sync. furentum, Verg. A. 11, 838), 3, v. n. cf. Gr. θοῦρος, hasty; θορεῖν, θρώσκω, to leap; cf. θηρ, wild; Lat. fera, ferox; v. Georg Curtius Gr. Etym. p. 256, to rage, rave (in sickness or when in a passion), to be out of one's mind, to be mad, furious (syn.: insanio, deliro, desipio). I. Lit. (class.): quem nos furorem, μελαγχολίαν illi (Graeci) vocant:
quasi vero atra bili solum mens ac non saepe vel iracundiā graviore vel timore vel dolore moveatur: quo genere Athamantem, Alcmaeonem, Ajacem, Orestem furere dicimus, etc., Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 11: quid est aliud furere, non cognoscere homines, non cognoscere leges, non senatum, id. Pis. 20, 47; cf.: qui valetudinis vitio furunt et melancholici dicuntur, id. Div. 1, 38, 81; and Dig. 23, 2, 9: primum inquiram, quid sit furere, etc., Hor. S. 2, 3, 41: insanire ac furere, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 18, § 39: furere et bacchari, id. Brut. 80, 276; cf.: non ego sanius Bacchabor Edonis: recepto Dulce mihi furere est amico, to play the fool, act foolishly (an imitation of the Anacreontic θέλω θέλω μανῆναι), Hor. C. 2, 7, 28: Telamon iratus furere luctu filii videretur, to be distracted, Cic. de Or. 2, 46, 193: ille, si non acerrime fureret, auderet, etc., id. Pis. 21, 50: furere adversus aliquem, Tiber. ap. Suet. Tib. 61: num furis? an prudens ludis me obscura canendo? Hor. S. 2, 5, 58: furit ille dolore, Ov. M. 12, 478: amore, Val. Fl. 5, 427; cf.: ex quo destiti Inachia furere, to be madly in love with (Gr. μαίνεσθαι ἐπί τινι), Hor. Epod. 11, 6: in aliqua, Quint. Decl. 289: in celeres iambos Misit (me) furentem, Hor. C. 1, 16, 25.—(b). With acc. and inf.:
(Clodius) furebat, a Racilio se contumaciter urbaneque vexatum, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 3.— With inf.: furit vinci dominus profundi, Sen. Med. 597: ecce furit te reperire atrox Tydides, Hor. C. 1, 15, 27.—(g). With acc. (poet.):
hunc sine me furere ante furorem, Verg. A. 12, 680: praecipuum tunc caedis opus, Gradive, furebas, Stat. Th. 9, 5.—II. Transf., of inanim. and abstr. things (poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
nubes interdum perscissa furit petulantibus auris, Lucr. 6, 111; cf.: furit mugitibus aether concussus, Verg. G. 3, 150: ventus, Lucr. 6, 687: impetus Aetnae, id. 2, 593; cf.: flamma in Aetna, Hor. Epod. 17, 33: ignis in stipulis, Verg. G. 3, 100: stella vesani leonis, Hor. C. 3, 29, 19: atra tempestas effusis imbribus, Verg. A. 5, 694: furit aestus harenis, id. ib. 1, 107: flammae furentes, id. ib. 4, 670: furit ardor edendi, Ov. M. 8, 828: nec copia argenti tantum furit vita, Plin. 33, 11, 53, § 147.—With acc. and inf.: fama furit, versos hostes Poenumque salutem Invenisse fugā, Sil. 7, 504.—Hence, * fŭrenter, adv., furiously: pueri autem aiunt eum furenter irasci, was furiously enraged, Cic. Att. 6, 1, 12.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
(furō) —, —, ere
FVR-, to rage, rave, be out of one's mind, be mad, be furious : valetudinis vitio: inquiram, quid sit furere, etc., H.: recepto Dulce mihi furere est amico, play the fool , H.: luctu filii, be distracted : dolore, O.: Inachiā, to be madly in love with , H.: furebat, se vexatum, etc.: te reperire, is madly eager , H.—Poet.: hunc sine me furere ante furorem, V.—Of things, to rage, be furious : furit mugitibus aether Concussus, V.: ignis in stipulis, V.: stella leonis, H.
Origins
Uncertain. * Possibly cognate with Proto-Slavic *buřa (cf. Russian буря (burja, “storm”)) and Sanskrit भुरति (bhurati, “to palpitate, quiver”), which would point to Proto-Indo-European *bʰur-. * Perhaps derived from *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”) * The LIV suggests the term may derive from an athematic root present of *bʰerh₂-, perhaps whence also Hittite [script needed] (parḫ-ᶻⁱ). * Kroonen suggests that the term may derive from Proto-Indo-European *dʰus-e-, itself from the root *dʰwes- (“to breathe, exhale”), in which case it would connect with Proto-Germanic *dusāną (“to slumber”). Regarding the sense development, Kroonen suggests that the Proto-Indo-Europeans perhaps believed that the soul left the body during sleep, whence meanings such as “to lose one’s senses” and “to go mad.” De Vaan, however, finds no proposed etymology for this verb convincing. According to De Vaan, Proto-Italic *u is expected to yield Latin o in front of *-rV- sequences, therby excluding any Proto-Indo-European preform including *-us- or *-ur-.
Descendants
- Italianfurere