LATIN DICTIONARYLexicon Latīnum
noun · femininefirst declension

īra

īra f (genitive īrae)
Classical[ˈiː.ra]Ecclesiastical[ˈiː.ra]
№ 187 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary

Meaning

  1. ire, anger, wrath
    Diēs īrae.Day of wrath

Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers

Mille Verba cover
animus īrātus; īra oculōs accendit.
īra -ae f — in Mille Verba, Animus et Adfectūs
Seneca cover
anger
īra — in Seneca, ch. XVII

Declension

declension
formsingularplural
nominativeīraīrae
genitiveīraeīrārum
dativeīraeīrīs
accusativeīramīrās
ablativeīrāīrīs
vocativeīraīrae

Lewis & Short A Latin Dictionary, 1879

īra, ae (
I. gen. iraï for irae, Lucr. 3, 303), f. kindred to Sanscr. īr, tremere, commoveri; cf.: ir-ya, vigorous; iras-yati, to be angry; Gr. ἔρις, ἐρέθω.
I. Prop., anger, wrath, rage, ire: ira est libido poeniendi ejus, qui videatur laesisse injuriā, Cic. Tusc. 4, 9, 21: ira, quae quamdiu perturbationem habet, dubitationem non habet, id. ib. 4, 36, 77: ira furor brevis est, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 62: ira est cupiditas ulciscendae injuriae, Sen. de Ira, 1, 2, 4: facit ira nocentem Hunc sexum, Juv. 6, 647: facere aliquid per iram, in anger, Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 79: plus irae suae quam utilitati communi paruisse, to his anger, Nep. Alc. 4, 6: irā et dolore incensus, id. Pelop. 5, 4: irā commotus, Sall. C. 31, 6: acuere iram, id. ib. 12, 590: attollere, id. ib. 2, 381: concipere, Just. 5, 10: concitare, Ov. P. 4, 14, 41: evomere in aliquem, Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 14: vertere in aliquem, Hor. Epod. 5, 54: non sufficit irae occidisse aliquem, Juv. 15, 169: indulgere irae, Liv. 23, 3: iram exstinguere, Petr. 94: contundere, Col. 6, 2: frangere, Quint. 6, 3, 9: lenire, id. 3, 8, 12: ponere, Hor. A. P. 160: moderari irae, id. Ep. 1, 2, 59: pone irae frena modumque, Juv. 8, 88: quantulacumque est occasio, sufficit irae, id. 13, 183: dum defervescat ira, Cic. Tusc. 4, 36, 78: deflagrat, Liv. 40, 8: decedit, Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 55: irae sunt inter aliquos, id. And. 3, 3, 20: ira inter eas intercessit, id. Hec. 3, 1, 25: in Romanos, propter obsides nuper interfectos, Liv. 25, 15, 7: adversus Romanos, id. 36, 6, 1: ira deorum, Ov. M. 1, 378; Juv. 13, 100: numinis, Ov. Tr. 3, 6, 23: deūm, Verg. A. 3, 215: Junonis, id. ib. 1, 4: in quorum mente pares sunt Et similes ira atque fames, Juv. 15, 131.— Plur.: veteres in Populum Romanum irae, Liv. 21, 25, 2: excitare iras, Verg. A. 2, 594: horribiles exercere iras, id. G. 3, 152: mollire iras, Liv. 1, 9: induere, Stat. Th. 1, 38: quicquid ex foedere rupto irarum in nos caelestium fuit, Liv. 9, 1: iras plumbeas gerere, heavy, Plaut. Poen. 3, 6, 18: inde irae et lacrimae, Juv. 1, 168.— With obj.-gen., on account of: ob iram fugae, Liv. 27, 7: amissae praedae, id. 1, 5: diremptae pacis, id. 9, 8; 21, 2; 37, 51: ereptae virginis, Verg. A. 2, 413.—So, plur.: irae imperatorum, against the commanders, Liv. 8, 30: cladum, because of, indignation at, Sil. 12, 271.—
II. Transf.
A. A cause of anger, provocation: aut age, dic aliquam, quae te mutaverit, iram, Ov. P. 4, 3, 21. —
B. An object of anger or hatred: justae quibus est Mezentius irae, Verg. A. 10, 714 Jan. ad loc.: Hannibal est irae tibi, Sil. 11, 604.—
C. A passion inspired by anger (poet.): subit ira cadentem Ulcisci patriam, Verg. A. 2, 575.—
D. Of inanim. and abstr. things, violence, impetuosity, fury (mostly poet.): belli, Sall. Hist. Fragm. 4, 61, 3 Dietsch: ira belli desenuit, id. ib. 1, 93: flagelli, Val. Fl. 7, 149: maris, id. 1, 37: dant mucronibus iras, Sil. 7, 344: nimborum, id. 17, 253: grandinis, id. 12, 610. —
III. Personified: comunt Furor Iraque cristas, Stat. Th. 3, 424.—Plur.: Iraeque Insidiaeque, dei (Mavortis) comitatus, Verg. A. 12, 336: atraeque genis pallentibus Irae, Val. Fl. 2, 205; Sil. 4. 437.

Origins

From earlier eira (Plautus), from Proto-Italic *eizā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eys- (compare Ancient Greek οἶστρος (oîstros), Lithuanian aistrà (“violent passion”), Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬀 (aēṣ̌ma, “anger”)).

Descendants
  • Catalanira
  • Englishire
  • Frenchire
  • Portugueseira
  • Italianira
  • Spanishira
  • Judeo-Italianאִירַה
  • Sicilianirra
  • Albanianirë