verbfirst conjugation
cruciō
cruciō (present infinitive cruciāre, perfect active cruciāvī, supine cruciātum)
Classical[ˈkrʊ.ki.oː]Ecclesiastical[ˈkruː.t͡ʃi.o]
Mille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- to crucify
- to torture
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
magnum dolōrem dō; quī cruciātur, valdē dolet.cruciō -āre — in Mille Verba, Basilica et Iūs
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Cruciatus · Tormentum
Cruciatus, crucimenta (κρόκα, κρέκω), denote in general any pangs, natural and artificial; tormenta (from torquere), especially pangs caused by an instrument of torture, like the rack. Cic. Phil. xi. 4. Nec vero graviora sunt carnificum tormenta quam interdum cruciamenta morborum. (vi. 87.)
Conjugation conjugation 1
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | cruciō | cruciābam | cruciābō | cruciāvī | cruciāveram | cruciāverō cruciārō |
| 2nd sg. | cruciās | cruciābās | cruciābis | cruciāvistī cruciāstī | cruciāverās cruciārās | cruciāveris |
| 3rd sg. | cruciat | cruciābat | cruciābit | cruciāvit | cruciāverat cruciārat | cruciāverit cruciārit |
| 1st pl. | cruciāmus | cruciābāmus | cruciābimus | cruciāvimus | cruciāverāmus | cruciāverimus cruciārimus |
| 2nd pl. | cruciātis | cruciābātis | cruciābitis | cruciāvistis cruciāstis | cruciāverātis cruciārātis | cruciāveritis cruciāritis |
| 3rd pl. | cruciant | cruciābant | cruciābunt | cruciāvērunt cruciāvēre, cruciārunt | cruciāverant cruciārant | cruciāverint cruciārint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | cruciem | cruciārem | cruciāverim cruciārim | cruciāvissem cruciāssem |
| 2nd sg. | cruciēs | cruciārēs | cruciāverīs | cruciāvissēs cruciāssēs |
| 3rd sg. | cruciet | cruciāret | cruciāverit cruciārit | cruciāvisset cruciāsset |
| 1st pl. | cruciēmus | cruciārēmus | cruciāverīmus cruciārīmus | cruciāvissēmus cruciāssēmus |
| 2nd pl. | cruciētis | cruciārētis | cruciāverītis cruciārītis | cruciāvissētis cruciāssētis |
| 3rd pl. | crucient | cruciārent | cruciāverint cruciārint | cruciāvissent cruciāssent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | crucior | cruciābar | cruciābor |
| 2nd sg. | cruciāris cruciāre | cruciābāris cruciābāre | cruciāberis cruciābere |
| 3rd sg. | cruciātur | cruciābātur | cruciābitur |
| 1st pl. | cruciāmur | cruciābāmur | cruciābimur |
| 2nd pl. | cruciāminī | cruciābāminī | cruciābiminī |
| 3rd pl. | cruciantur | cruciābantur | cruciābuntur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | crucier | cruciārer |
| 2nd sg. | cruciēris cruciēre | cruciārēris cruciārēre |
| 3rd sg. | cruciētur | cruciārētur |
| 1st pl. | cruciēmur | cruciārēmur |
| 2nd pl. | cruciēminī | cruciārēminī |
| 3rd pl. | crucientur | cruciārentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | cruciā | cruciāre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | cruciāte | cruciāminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | cruciātō | cruciātor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | cruciātō | cruciātor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | cruciātōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | cruciantō | cruciantor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | cruciāre | cruciārī |
| perfect infinitive | cruciāvisse cruciāsse | cruciātum esse |
| future infinitive | cruciātūrum esse | cruciātum īrī |
| present participle | cruciāns | — |
| perfect participle | — | cruciātus cruciāta, cruciātā, cruciātae, cruciātam, cruciātārum, cruciātās, cruciātī, cruciātōrum, cruciātōs |
| future participle | cruciātūrus cruciātūra, cruciātūrā, cruciātūrae, cruciātūram, cruciātūrārum, cruciātūrās, cruciātūre, cruciātūrī, cruciātūrīs, cruciātūrō, cruciātūrōrum, cruciātūrōs, cruciātūrum | cruciandus crucianda, cruciandā, cruciandae, cruciandam, cruciandārum, cruciandās, cruciande, cruciandīs, cruciandōrum, cruciandōs |
gerundcruciandī, cruciandō, cruciandumsupinecruciātum, cruciātū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- siti cruciari, premi
- to suffer agonies of thirst.
- cruciatūs tormentorum
- the pains of torture.
- exspectatione torqueri, cruciari
- to suffer torments of expectation, delay.
- doloribus premi, angi, ardere, cruciari, distineri et divelli
- to feel acute pain.
crŭcĭo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. crux.
I. Orig., to put to death on the cross, to crucify (only in eccl. Lat.), Lact. Mort. Pers. 2, 1.—
II. In gen., to put to the rack, to torture, torment (freq. and class., esp. in the signif. B.).
A. Physically:
cum vigiliis et fame cruciaretur, Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 65: tribunos militum verberatos servilibusque omnibus suppliciis cruciatos trucidando occidit, Liv. 29, 18, 14 Drak. N. cr.: cum cruciabere dirae Sanguine serpentis, Ov. M. 2, 651: cruciataque diris Corpora tormentis, id. ib. 3, 694 al.: qui advehuntur quadrupedanti crucianti canterio, i. e. torturing the rider by its uneasy motion, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 34.—2. Transf. of inanimate things:
terra ferro, ligno, igni, lapide, fruge omnibus cruciatur horis, Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 157; so, aes cruciatur in primis accensumque restinguitur sale, id. 33, 3, 20, § 65.—B. Mentally.
(a). Act.:
graviter adulescentulum, Ter. Heaut. 5, 5, 1; id. Eun. 2, 3, 93; Hor. S. 1, 10, 78 al.: officii me deliberatio cruciat cruciavitque adhuc, Cic. Att. 8, 15, 2: ut ipsus sese cruciat aegritudine! Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 89: ne crucia te, obsecro, anime mi, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 15; cf. Hor. S. 1, 2, 22: quos major sollicitudo cruciat, Just. 6, 3, 9: illud me cruciat, quod, etc., Mart. 11, 94, 5. —So pass.: tanto dolore cruciatus est, Just. 12, 13, 9.—(b). Medial (only in Plaut. and Ter.), to afflict one's self, to grieve, be afflicted:
ut miserae matres cruciantur! Plaut. Truc. 2, 5, 2; cf.: crucior miser, Ter. And. 5, 2, 10; with acc. and inf.: crucior me lapidem non habere, ut, etc., Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 68; Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 6; and with acc. of neutr. pron.: istuc crucior, a viro me tali abalienarier, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 11; id. Trin. 5, 2, 46.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
cruciō āvī, ātus, āre
crux, to put to the rack, torture, torment: fame cruciari: tribunos cruciando occidit, L.: cum cruciabere Sanguine serpentis, O.—Fig., to afflict, grieve, torment: graviter adulescentulum, T.: se: crucior miser, am on the rack, T.: crucior bolum mihi ereptum, T.
Origins
From crux (“cross”) + -ō. (to torture): For the relation with Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, to bend”), compare typologically torqueō (<< Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to turn”)), Russian истяза́ть (istjazátʹ) (akin to тяга́ть (tjagátʹ), тяну́ть (tjanútʹ)).
Descendants
- Germankreuzigenfrom Proto-West Germanic *krūcigōn
- German Low Germankrüzigenfrom Proto-West Germanic *krūcigōn
- German Low Germankriuzigenfrom Proto-West Germanic *krūcigōn
- Plautdietschkjriezjenfrom Proto-West Germanic *krūcigōn
- Saterland Frisiankjuusigjefrom Proto-West Germanic *krūcigōn
- West Frisiankrusigjefrom Proto-West Germanic *krūcigōn
- Afrikaanskroesigfrom Proto-West Germanic *krūcigōn
- Afrikaanskrusigfrom Proto-West Germanic *krūcigōn
- Negerhollandskroesigfrom Proto-West Germanic *krūcigōn
- Negerhollandskrusigfrom Proto-West Germanic *krūcigōn
In English words that came into English from cruciō
- excruciatingexcruciō
- excruciateexcruciatus
- cruciatecruciatus
- cruciationcruciatio