adjectivefirst/second-declension adjective
calidus
calidus (feminine calida, neuter calidum, comparative calidior, superlative calidissimus)
Classical[ˈka.lɪ.dʊs]Ecclesiastical[ˈkaː.li.dus]
calidum sg. nom. n.; sg. acc. m.; sg. acc. n.; sg. voc. n.Mille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- adjectiveliterarywarm, hot
- adjectivefiery, fierce, vehement
- adjectivespirited, impassioned
- adjectiverash, eager, inconsiderate
- adjectiverarehaving a white spot on the forehead
iumento ut albam maculam facias quoquo loco, fabam sine sale coques et ferventem inpones, ut pilus cadat. eum locum lipara curabis. hoc facies et si volueris calidum facere.
4th-century CE, Chiron Centaurus, Mulomedicina 795Qui autem albos tantum pedes habent, petili appellantur; qui frontem albam, calidi.
Those whose feet alone are white are called petili; those who have a white forehead, are called calidic. 600 CE – 625 CE, Isidorus Hispalensis, Etymologiae 12.1.52
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
plēnus calōris; aqua calida.calidus -a -um — in Mille Verba, Caelum et Tempestātēs
hot
calidus -a -um — in Viri Romae Facillimi, ch. 2 and Seneca, ch. II
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Calere · Fervere · Æstuare · Calefacere · Fovere
1. Calere and fervere denote, objectively, warmth by itself, and, indeed, calidus (κηλέῳ πυρί), in opp. to frigidus, a moderate degree of warmth, but fervidus, in opp. to gelidus, a degree of warmth on the point of boiling, heat; whereas æstuare (from αἴθω), subjectively, the feeling of heat, in opp. to algere. (iii. 89.) 2. Calefacere means to make warm, in a purely physical sense, without any accessory notion; whereas fovere (from ἀφαύω), with reference to the genial sensation, or salutary effect of the warmth. (vi. 48.)
Declension
| form | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | calidus | calida | calidum |
| genitive | calidī | calidae | calidī |
| dative | calidō | calidae | calidō |
| accusative | calidum | calidam | calidum |
| ablative | calidō | calidā | calidō |
| vocative | calide | calida | calidum |
| form | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | calidī | calidae | calida |
| genitive | calidōrum | calidārum | calidōrum |
| dative | calidīs | calidīs | calidīs |
| accusative | calidōs | calidās | calida |
| ablative | calidīs | calidīs | calidīs |
| vocative | calidī | calidae | calida |
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- frigidā, calidā lavari (Plin. Ep. 3. 5. 11)
- to take a cold, warm, bath.
călĭdus and caldus, a, um, adj. (contr. access. form caldus in the anteAug. per. is freq. only in Cato and Varr.; Lucr. and Cic. use only calidus; acc. to Quint. 1, 6, 19, caldus appears to have been predom. in the Aug. per., though used by Aug. poets only when demanded by the rules of prosody, as
I. comp. caldior, Hor. S. 1, 3, 53) [caleo, like fervidus, frigidus, from ferveo, etc., aridus from areo, etc.], warm, hot.
I. Lit.:
fons luce diurnă Frigidus, et calidus nocturno tempore, Lucr. 6, 850; 6, 749; 6, 888: corpora secreta omnino calidi vaporis, devoid of warmth, id. 2, 844; 2, 858; 3, 127; 3, 216; 5, 568; 5, 595; 5, 796; 6, 859; 6, 949 al.: fervor, id. 6, 657; 5, 604: fornaces, id. 6, 148: lavacra, id. 6, 800: corpus, id. 6, 856: febres, id. 2, 34.—As epitheton ornans with ignis, Lucr. 1, 648; 1, 1087; 2, 431; 6, 516; 6, 689; with flamma, id. 3, 903: omne quod est calidum et igneum, etc., Cic. N. D. 2, 9, 23: calidior est enim, vel potius ardentior, animus, quam hic aër, id. Tusc. 1, 18, 42: calidissimae hiemes, Vitr. 2, 1: aestas, Sen. Hippol. 765: dies, Plin. 10, 54, 75, § 152; Quint. 11, 3, 27.—Contr. form in agro caldo, Cato, R. R. 6, 1; 6, 2: sole caldo, Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 1: calda puls, id. L. L. 5, § 127 Müll.—Comp.: caldior est, Hor. S. 1, 3, 53.—Prop. nom.: Călĭdae ăquae, = /(Ὕδατα Θερμά, Hot Springs, a bathing place in Zeugitana, now Hammam Gurbos, Liv. 30, 24, 9.—B. Subst.
1. călĭda (calda), ae, f. (sc. aqua), warm water, Cato, R. R. 156, 3; Plin. 25, 7, 38, § 77; Tac. G. 22; cf. Just. 44, 2, 6;
contr. calda, Col. 6, 13 fin.; 6, 30, 5; Plin. 23, 4, 41, § 83; Sen. Ep. 77, 9; 83, 5; Mart. 1, 12.—2. călĭ-dum (caldum), i, n., = τὸ θερμόν (sc. ὕδωρ), a hot drink (a mixture of wine and boiling hot water), Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 14:
calix a caldo, quod in eo calda puls apponebatur et caldum eo bibebant, Varr. L. L. 5, § 127 Müll.—II. Trop.
A. In gen., fiery, rash, eager, spirited, fierce, impassioned, vehement (of living beings, only in the poets):
equus calidus animis, of a fiery spirit, Verg. G. 3, 119: redemptor, eager, active, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 72: calidus juventă, id. C. 3, 14, 27: caldior est, id. S. 1, 3, 53: rixa, id. C. 3, 27, 70.—2. Esp. freq. (also in prose): consilium, of a conclusion made under excitement, inconsiderate, hasty, rash = temerarium, praeceps (v. Ruhnk. ad Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 89; Doed. Syn. II. p. 124; cf. also Lidd. and Scott under θερμός):
reperias multos, quibus periculosa et calida consilia quietis et cogitatis et splendidiora et majora videantur, Cic. Off. 1, 24, 82; Hirt. ap. Cic. Att. 15, 6, 2: agitabanturque pro ingenio ducis consilia calidiora, Liv. 22, 24, 2: consilia calida et audacia primă specie laeta, tractatu dura, eventu tristia esse, id. 35, 32, 13; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 89; cf.: calidoque habitata Gradivo Pectora, Sil. 15, 337 Drak. ad loc.—Hence, 3. As a Roman proper name, Caldus (hot-head):
idcirco aliquem Caldum (al. Calidium) vocari, quod temerario et repentino consilio sit, Cic. Inv. 2, 9, 28.—So C. Caelius Caldus, Cic. Fam. 2, 19.—B. With the prevailing idea of haste, quick, ready, prompt (rare;
perh. only anteclass.): huic homini opus est quadraginta minis celeriter calidis, quickly procured, Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 39: pedes, Varr. ap. Non. p. 263, 20.—Esp.: consilium, quick, ready device or plan: reperiamus aliquid calidi conducibilis consili, Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 73: reperi, comminiscere, cedo calidum consilium cito, id. Mil. 2, 2, 73 Brix. ad loc.; cf.: calidum hercle audivi esse optumum mendacium, id. Most. 3, 1, 136.—Hence, * adv.: călĭdē, quickly, promptly, etc.: calide quicquid acturus, Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 99.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
calidus and (poet.) caldus adj. with comp.
3 CAL-, warm, hot: omne quod est calidum: calidior quam aë: cruor, O.: de pectore flumen (sanguinis), V.—Plur n. as subst: Frigida pugnabant calidis, cold with heat, O.—Sing f. as subst, warm water: lavi calidā, Ta. — Fig., fiery, rash, eager, spirited, fierce, impassioned, vehement: equus animis, of a fiery spirit, V.: redemptor, H.: iuventā, H.—Inconsiderate, hasty, rash: Vide ne nimium calidum hoc sit, T.: consilia: consilia calidiora, L.: Caldior est, too quick of temper, H.
Origins
From caleō + -idus. Cognate with Umbrian calersu. The origin of the sense “with a white mark on the forehead” is unknown. It may be related to Ancient Greek κηλάς (kēlás, “(female goat) with a mark on [her] forehead”). The philologist Alan Nussbaum proposes that the Latin term may have been borrowed from a South Italian Doric variation, *κᾱλαδ- (*kālad-, “spotted”). Although a Proto-Indo-European root *kel- can be reconstructed, De Vaan rejects this etymology as he regards the shift from *kel- to *kal- as improbable.
Gallo-Romance
- Catalancald
- Occitancaud
- Occitancald
- Occitanchaud
- Franco-Provençalchôd
- Old Frenchchaut
Borrowings
- Italiancalido
- Portuguesecálido
- Spanishcálido
- Asturiancálidu
Insular Romance
- Sardiniancaldu
- Sardiniancalidu
Ibero-Romance
- Portuguesecaldofrom Old Galician-Portuguese caldo
- Spanishcaldo
- Asturiancaldu
- Galiciancaldofrom Old Galician-Portuguese caldo
- Indonesiankaldufrom Old Galician-Portuguese caldo
Balkano-Romance
- Romaniancald
- Aromaniancaldu
- Aromaniancald
- Istro-Romaniancåd
- Istro-Romaniancǫd
- Megleno-Romaniancald
Italo-Dalmatian
- Italiancaldo
- Corsicancaldu
- Dalmatiancuolt
- Neapolitancàudu
- Neapolitancàvero
- Neapolitancàoro
- Neapolitancàllo
- Siciliancaudu
- Siciliancàvudu
- Siciliancauru
Rhaeto-Romance
- Friuliancjalt
- Romanshchaud
Gallo-Italic
- Emilianchèld
- Liguriancâdo
- Lombardcald
- Piedmontesecàud
Vulgar Latin
- unknown*caldūra
- unknown*calidizāre
- unknown*incalidīre