verbsecond conjugation, no passive, no supine stem except in the future active participle
caleō
caleō (present infinitive calēre, perfect active caluī, future active participle calitūrus)
Classical[ˈka.ɫe.oː]Ecclesiastical[ˈkaː.le.o]
Meaning
- to be warm or hot, glow
- figurativelyto be aroused, warmed or inflamed
succinctique calent ad nova lucra popae.
and aproned sacrificial slaughterers bustle to win new profits30 BCE – 16 BCE, Propertius, Elegiae 4.3.62 - figurativelyto be troubled or perplexed
- figurativelyto be yet warm, new or fresh
- figurativelyto be carried on warmly, to be urged on zealously
- figurativelyto be eagerly sought, to be frequented
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Calere · Fervere · Æstuare · Calefacere · Fovere
1. Calere and fervere denote, objectively, warmth by itself, and, indeed, calidus (κηλέῳ πυρί), in opp. to frigidus, a moderate degree of warmth, but fervidus, in opp. to gelidus, a degree of warmth on the point of boiling, heat; whereas æstuare (from αἴθω), subjectively, the feeling of heat, in opp. to algere. (iii. 89.) 2. Calefacere means to make warm, in a purely physical sense, without any accessory notion; whereas fovere (from ἀφαύω), with reference to the genial sensation, or salutary effect of the warmth. (vi. 48.)
Conjugation conjugation 2 future no-supine
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | caleō | calēbam | calēbō | caluī | calueram | caluerō |
| 2nd sg. | calēs | calēbās | calēbis | caluistī | caluerās | calueris |
| 3rd sg. | calet | calēbat | calēbit | caluit | caluerat | caluerit |
| 1st pl. | calēmus | calēbāmus | calēbimus | caluimus | caluerāmus | caluerimus |
| 2nd pl. | calētis | calēbātis | calēbitis | caluistis | caluerātis | calueritis |
| 3rd pl. | calent | calēbant | calēbunt | caluērunt caluēre | caluerant | caluerint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | caleam | calērem | caluerim | caluissem |
| 2nd sg. | caleās | calērēs | caluerīs | caluissēs |
| 3rd sg. | caleat | calēret | caluerit | caluisset |
| 1st pl. | caleāmus | calērēmus | caluerīmus | caluissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | caleātis | calērētis | caluerītis | caluissētis |
| 3rd pl. | caleant | calērent | caluerint | caluissent |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | calē | — |
| pres. 2nd pl. | calēte | — |
| fut. 2nd sg. | calētō | — |
| fut. 3rd sg. | calētō | — |
| fut. 2nd pl. | calētōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | calentō | — |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | calēre | — |
| perfect infinitive | caluisse | — |
| future infinitive | calitūrum esse | — |
| present participle | calēns calente, calentem, calentēs, calentī, calentia, calentibus, calentis, calentīs, calentium | — |
| future participle | calitūrus calitūra, calitūrā, calitūrae, calitūram, calitūrārum, calitūrās, calitūre, calitūrī, calitūrīs, calitūrō, calitūrōrum, calitūrōs, calitūrum | — |
gerundcalendī, calendō, calendum
călĕo, ui, 2, v. n. (
I. part. fut. act. călĭtūrus, Ov. M. 13, 590: caleor = caleo, Caper. ap. Prisc. p. 797 P.; prob. only in reference to the impers. caletur, Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 12; id. Truc. 1, 1, 46) [etym. dub.; cf. Gr. σκέλλω, σκληρός], to be warm or hot, to glow (object.; opp. frigere, to be cold; while aestuare, to feel, experience warmth; opp. algere, to feel cold; cf. Doed. Syn. III. p. 89).
I. Lit.: calet aqua;
eamus hinc intro ut laves, Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 73: sentiri hoc putat, ut calere ignem, Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 30: os calet tibi, Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 39: sole calente, Tib. 1, 5, 22: terrae alio sole calentes, Hor. C. 2, 16, 18: calens favilla, id. ib. 2, 6, 22: ture calent arae, Verg. A. 1, 417: calentibus aris, Ov. M. 12, 152: calituras ignibus aras, id. ib. 13, 590: guttae calentes, id. ib. 7, 283: epulae, id. ib. 8, 671: sulphur, id. ib. 14, 86.—Poet. sometimes for aestuare, subject., to feel warm: ut fortunati sunt fabri ferrarii, Qui aput carbones adsident! semper calent, Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 47: febre, Juv. 10, 218: rabie, Val. Fl. 3, 216; cf.: caluit et hodie Faustina, Aur. ap. Front. Ep. ad M. Caes. 5, 11.—II. Trop.
A. To glow in mind, to be roused, warmed, inflamed (class.;
in prose less freq. than ardere): (leones) permixtā caede calentes, inflamed by indiscriminate slaughter, Lucr. 5, 1312; cf. id. 3, 643; Hirt. ap. Cic. Att. 15, 6, 2: admirando, irridendo calebat, Cic. Brut. 66, 234: in re frigidissimā cales, in ferventissimā cales, Auct. Her. 4, 15, 21: animis jam calentibus, Quint. 4, 1, 59: Romani calentes adhuc ab recenti pugnā proelium ineunt, Liv. 25, 39, 9: at ille utendum animis dum spe calerent ratus, are animated, Curt. 4, 1, 29: feminā calere, to become enamored of, Hor. C. 4, 11, 33; cf.: Lycidan quo calet juventus, id. ib. 1, 4, 19: puellā, Ov. Am. 3, 6, 83: amore, id. A. A. 3, 571; Mart. 7, 32, 12: igne, id. 5, 55, 3: desiderio Conjugis abrepti, to be inflamed with desire, Ov. M. 7, 731; also, to be troubled, perplexed: haec velim explices; etsi te ipsum istic jam calere puto, Cic. Att. 7, 20, 2; Cael. ap. id. Fam. 8, 6, 51: alio mentis morbo, to labor under (the figure derived from fever, v. supra), Hor. S. 2, 3, 80; and so of the passion for scribbling: mutavit mentem populus levis et calet uno Scribendi studio, now the rage for writing and versifying is the general disease of our people, id. Ep. 2, 1, 108: narratur et prisci Catonis Saepe mero caluisse virtus, id. C. 3, 21, 12; Stat. Th. 5, 263.—(b). With inf.:
tubas audire, Stat. Th. 4, 261; Claud. Nupt. Hon. 10, 287; id. Ep. 1, 29.— (g). With ad:
ad nova lucra, Prop. 4 (5), 3, 62.—B. Of abstract things, to be carried on warmly, to be urged on zealously:
illud crimen de nummis caluit re recenti, nunc in causā refrixit, Cic. Planc. 23, 55: judicia calent, i. e. magnā diligentiā et ardore exercentur, id. Att. 4, 16, 3: calebant nundinae, id. Phil. 5, 4, 11: posteaquam satis calere res Rubrio visa est, i. e. seemed sufficiently ripe for execution, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66: Veneris bella calent, rage, Tib. 1, 10, 53: et mixtus lacrimis caluit dolor, Stat. Th. 3, 383.—C. To be yet warm, new, or fresh (the figure taken from food):
at enim nihil est, nisi, dum calet, hic agitur, Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 92: illi rumores de comitiis caluerunt, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 2.—D. (Effectus pro causā.) Of a place, to be eagerly sought, to be frequented (rare):
ungularum pulsibus calens Hister, often trod, Mart. 7, 7, 2.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
caleō uī, —, ēre (P. fut. calitūrus, O.)
3 CAL-, to be warm, be hot, glow: ut calere ignem: terrae sole calentes, H.: ture calent arae, V.: ignibus arae, O.: sole calente, Tb.: spoliant calentia membra, while still warm, V.: febre, Iu. — Fig., to glow, be roused, be warmed, be inflamed: inridendo calebat: ab recenti pugnā, L.: feminā, to become enamoured of, H.: scribendi studio, H.: dum animi spe calerent, Cu.: desiderio Coniugis abrepti, O. — To be troubled, perplexed: te istic iam calere puto: alio mentis morbo, to labor under, H.: cales venenis officina, fume (like) a laboratory, H.—To be driven hotly, be urged on zealously: iudicia calent: satis calere res Rubrio visa est, i. e. ripened: Veneris bella calent, rage, Tb.
Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*ḱleh₁-
- Proto-Indo-European*ḱl̥h₁éh₁yeti
- Proto-Italic*kalēō
- Latincaleō
Inherited from Proto-Italic *kalēō, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱleh₁- (“to be hot”). Compare Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćarHáts, whence Sanskrit शरद् (śarad, “autumn”) and Persian سال (sâl, “year”), as well as Latvian silts (“warm”) and Welsh clyd (“id”).
Southern Gallo-Romance
- Catalancaler
- Catalancaldre
- Occitancalerfrom Old Occitan caler
- Ladinokalerfrom Catalan caler
Italo-Romance
- Italiancalere
- Neapolitancaliare
- Siciliancaliari
Northern Gallo-Romance
- Frenchchaloirfrom Old French chaloir
- Franco-Provençalchalêr
Ibero-Romance
- Aragonesecaler
- Asturiancaler
- Old Spanishcaler
Borrowings
- Interlinguacaler