adjectivefirst/second-declension adjective
frīgidus
frīgidus (feminine frīgida, neuter frīgidum, comparative frīgidior, superlative frīgidissimus, adverb frīgidē)
Classical[ˈfriː.ɡɪ.dʊs]Ecclesiastical[ˈfriː.d͡ʒi.dus]
Mille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- adjectivecold, cool, chilling, frigid
frīgida Carseolīs nec olīvīs apta ferendīs
[It was] cold in the land of Carseoli, not even fit for growing olives, but with soil well-adapted for grain crops. (See Carsoli.)8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 4.683–684 - adjectivefigurativelyindifferent, feeble
- adjectivefigurativelydull, flat, insipid, trivial, pointless, vain
Quot dies quam frigidis rebus absumpsi!
How many days have I wasted through vapid things!61 CE – c. 112 CE, Plinius Minor, Epistulae 1.9Leve ac frigidum sit his addere
It would be trivial and pointless to add to this121 CE, Suetonius, De vita Caesarum Vita Gai 26
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
sine calōre; nix frīgida est.frīgidus -a -um — in Mille Verba, Caelum et Tempestātēs
nōn calidusfrīgidus -a -um — in IVLIANVS I: Gallia, ch. 5
nōn calidus, gelidusfrīgidus -a -um — in Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 8
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Frigere · Algere · Algidus · Alsus · Gelidus · Frigus · Gelu · Glacies
Frigere (φρίξαι) means to be cold, in opp. to calere, Cic. Fam. viii. 8. Auct. Her. iv. 15. Sen. Ir. ii. 18; whereas algere (ἀλγεῖν) means to feel cold, in opp. to æstuare. Cic. Tusc. ii. 14, 34. Sen. Ir. iii. 12. Plin. H. N. xvii. 26. 2. Algidus denotes cold, as an unpleasant chill; alsus, as a refreshing coolness. 3. Frigidus denotes a moderate degree of coldness, in opp. to calidus; whereas gelidus means on the point of freezing, in opp. to fervidus. 4. Frigus denotes, objectively, cold in itself, which attacks a man, and leaves him; whereas frigedo denotes cold, subjectively, as the state of a man attacked by cold, which begins and ends; it is an antiquated word which has become obsolete by the general use of frigus. 5. Gelu, gelus, gelum, (γλοία) denote, like κρύος, cold that produces ice; gelicidium, like κρυμός, a single attack of frost, a frosty night; and glacies, like κρύσταλλος, its effect, ice. (iii. 89.)
Declension
| form | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | frīgidus frīgidulus | frīgida frīgidula | frīgidum frīgidulum |
| genitive | frīgidī frīgidulī | frīgidae frīgidulae | frīgidī frīgidulī |
| dative | frīgidō frīgidulō | frīgidae frīgidulae | frīgidō frīgidulō |
| accusative | frīgidum frīgidulum | frīgidam frīgidulam | frīgidum frīgidulum |
| ablative | frīgidō frīgidulō | frīgidā frīgidulā | frīgidō frīgidulō |
| vocative | frīgide frīgidule | frīgida frīgidula | frīgidum frīgidulum |
| form | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | frīgidī frīgidulī | frīgidae frīgidulae | frīgida frīgidula |
| genitive | frīgidōrum frīgidulōrum | frīgidārum frīgidulārum | frīgidōrum frīgidulōrum |
| dative | frīgidīs frīgidulīs | frīgidīs frīgidulīs | frīgidīs frīgidulīs |
| accusative | frīgidōs frīgidulōs | frīgidās frīgidulās | frīgida frīgidula |
| ablative | frīgidīs frīgidulīs | frīgidīs frīgidulīs | frīgidīs frīgidulīs |
| vocative | frīgidī frīgidulī | frīgidae frīgidulae | frīgida frīgidula |
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- frigidā, calidā lavari (Plin. Ep. 3. 5. 11)
- to take a cold, warm, bath.
frīgĭdus, a, um, adj. frigeo,
I. cold, cool, chill, chilling (opp. calidus; syn.: gelidus, algidus, glacialis; corresp. in most of its senses to the Gr. ψυχρός).
I. Lit.:
calida et frigida, et amara et dulcia, Cic. Rep. 3, 8 fin.: fons luce diurnā Frigidus, et calidus nocturno tempore, Lucr. 6, 849: fons, id. ib. 6, 873; 879; cf.: frigidior umor, id. 6, 840; 844: nec ullum hoc frigidius flumen attigi, Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 6: ut nec frigidior Thracam ambiat Hebrus, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 13: loca frigidissima, Caes. B. G. 4, 1 fin.: rura, Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 9: Praeneste, id. C. 3, 4, 22: Tempe, Verg. G. 2, 469: aquilo, id. ib. 2, 404: aura, Ov. Am. 2, 16, 36; cf.: manet sub Jove frigido Venator, Hor. C. 1, 1, 25: umbra noctis, Verg. E. 8, 14: caelum est hieme frigidum et gelidum, cold and frosty, Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 4: frigidus aëra vesper Temperat, Verg. G. 3, 336: frigidus latet anguis in herba, id. E. 3, 93: anguis, id. ib. 8, 71 (cf. ψυχρὸν ὄφιν, Theogn. 602; Theocr. 15, 58): pellis duraque, Lucr. 6, 1194: febris, an ague, Plin. 26, 11, 71, § 289; so, quartana, Hor. S. 2, 3, 290: fomenta, id. Ep. 1, 3, 26.— Poet.: ille frigidas Noctes non sine multis Insomnis lacrimis agit, i. e. without a bedfellow, lonely, Hor. C. 3, 7, 6: frigidus annus, winter, Verg. A. 6, 311; Tib. 4, 8, 4 Huschke (al. amnis).—Prov.: aquam frigidam suffundere, to pour cold water over for to slander, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 37; v. suffundo.—2. As subst.
a. frīgĭdum, i, n., the cold: obaequalitas ferventis ac frigidi, Apul. Dog. Plat. 1, p. 11, 24.—Plur.:
frigida (opp. calida), Ov. M. 1, 19.—b. frī-gĭda, ae, f. (sc. aqua), cold water (like calida or calda, ae, warm water):
frigida lavare lubenter, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 1: frigidam bibere, Cels. 1, 5: frigidam aegro dare, Suet. Claud. 40: frigidā lavari, Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 11: noxia ut frigidam febri, Quint. 5, 11, 31.—c. In a contracted form: FRIDVM, i, n.: DA FRIDVM PVSILLVM, i. e. a little ice-water, Inscr. Pompej. in Mus. Borbon. IV. p. 5 (cf.:
solve nives, Mart. 5, 64).—B. In partic., cold, chilled, of a dead person, or one stiffened with fright (for the latter cf.:
est et frigida multa, comes formidinis aura, Lucr. 3, 290; poet.): illa (Eurydice) Stygiā nabat jam frigida cymbā, Verg. G. 4, 506; Ov. M. 7, 136; also, transf.: Eurydicen vox ipsa et frigida lingua, Ah, miseram Eurydicen! anima fugiente vocabat, Verg. G. 4, 525: membra nati, Ov. M. 14, 743: mors, Verg. A. 4, 385; Val. Fl. 5, 26; cf.: pausa vitaï, Lucr. 3, 930: stricto Aesonides stans frigidus ense, stiffened with fright, Val. Fl. 7, 530: miles nec frigidus aspicit hostem, i. e. fearless, Sil. 9, 49; cf.: formidine turpi Frigida corda tremunt, id. 2, 339: frigida mens criminibus, Juv. 1, 166: mihi frigidus horror Membra quatit, Verg. A. 3, 29.II. Trop.
A. Without ardor or encrgy, cold, frigid, indifferent, inactive, remiss, indolent, feeble:
nimis lentus in dicendo et paene frigidus, Cic. Brut. 48, 178: accusatoribus frigidissimis utitur, lukewarm, indolent, id. Q. Fr. 3, 3, 3: non frigida virgo, i. e. glowing with love, Ov. Am. 2, 1, 5; cf.: frigidus aevo Laomedontiades, Juv. 6, 325: (equus) Frigidus in Venerem senior, Verg. G. 3, 97: (Empedocles) ardentem Frigidus Aetnam Insiluit, in cold blood, Hor. A. P. 465: in re frigidissima cales, in ferventissima friges, Auct. Her. 4, 15, 21: frigidae litterae, cold, frigid, Cic. Fam. 10, 16, 1: solacia, Ov. P. 4, 2, 45; cf. cura, Lucr. 4, 1060 (with which cf.: curarum frigus, Ov. P. 3, 9, 25): frigida bello Dextera, feeble, Verg. A. 11, 338: ensis, inactive, idle, Luc. 5, 245; 7, 502: (apes) Contemnuntque favos et frigida tecta relinquunt, i. e. not animated by labor, Verg. G. 4, 104 (cf. opp. fervet opus, id. ib. 169).—B. Without force or point, flat, insipid, dull, trivial, frigid, vain (syn.: jejunus, inanis;
opp. salsus, facetus, esp. in post-Aug. prose): cave in ista tam frigida, tam jejuna calumnia delitescas, Cic. Caecin. 21, 61; cf.: haec aut frigida sunt, aut tum salsa, cum aliud est exspectatum, id. de Or. 2, 64, 260: (sententias) dicere leves, frigidas ineptas, Quint. 8, 5, 30: verba frigidiora vitare, Cic. de Or. 2, 63, 256; cf. id. Or. 26, 89: frigidi et arcessiti joci, Suet. Claud. 21; cf. Quint. 9, 3, 69: illud frigidum et inane, id. 10, 2, 17: illud apud Euripidem frigidum sane, quod, etc., id. 5, 10, 31: frigida et puerilis affectatio, id. 4, 1, 77: frigida et inanis affectatio, id. 7, 3, 74: genus acuminis in reprehendendis verbis, nonnumquam frigidum, interdum etiam facetum, Cic. Brut. 67, 236: in salibus aliquando frigidus, Quint. 12, 10, 12: dies frigidis rebus absumere, Plin. Ep. 1, 9, 3: negotia, id. ib. 9, 2, 1; cf.: omnia ista frigida et inania videntur, id. ib. 4, 17, 4; Sen. de Ira, 2, 11.— With a subject-clause: leve ac frigidum sit his addere, quo propinquos amicosque pacto tractaverit, Suet. Calig. 26.—* C. With active meaning, causing cold or fright, frightening:
frigidus a rostris manat per compita rumor, Hor. S. 2, 6, 50.—Hence, adv.: frīgĭde (only acc. to II. and very rare; not in Cic.). 1. Inactively, slowly, feebly: quae cupiunt, tamen ita frigide agunt, ut nolle existimentur, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 10, 3.—
2. Flatly, trivially, insipidly, frigidly:
verbis inepte et frigide uti, Gell. 13, 24, 7; so with inaniter, id. 7, 3, 43; with exigue, opp. graviter, id. 19, 3, 1; cf. also: quae sunt dicta frigidius, Quint. 6, 3, 4: transire in diversa subsellia, parum verecundum est ... Et si aliquando concitate itur, numquam non frigide reditur, i. e. in a silly, ridiculous manner, id. 11, 3, 133: tum ille infantem suam frigidissime reportavit, id. 6, 1, 39.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
frīgidus adj. with comp. and sup.
FRIG-, cold, cool, chill, chilling : nec ullum hoc frigidius flumen attigi: ut nec Frigidior Thracam ambiat Hebrus, H.: loca frigidissima, Cs.: Praeneste, H.: sub Iove frigido, H.: vesper, V.: anguis in herbā, V.: quartana, ague , H.: annus, winter , V.: Illa Stygiā nabat iam frigida cymbā, cold in death , V.: membra nati, O.: mors, V.: circum praecordia sanguis, i. e. dread , V.: cui frigida mens est Criminibus, whose conscience shudders , Iu.: rumor, chilling , H.: horror, V.—Plur n . as subst: calida et frigida, cold and heat : Frigida pugnabant calidis, O.—Fig., cold, indifferent, remiss, feeble : in dicendo: accusatoribus frigidissimis uti: Frigidus Aetnam Insiluit, in cold blood , H.: bello Dextera, feeble , V.: (apes) frigida tecta relinquunt, dull , V. — Without force, flat, insipid, dull, trivial, frigid, vain : calumnia: verba frigidiora.
Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*sríHgos
- Proto-Italic*srīgos
- Latinfrīgidus
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti Proto-Italic *-ējō Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ēō Latin -eō Latin frīgeō Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der. Proto-Italic *-iðos Latin -idus Latin frīgidus From frīgeō (“to be cold”) + -idus.
Borrowings
- Catalanfrígid
- Englishfrigid
- Frenchfrigide
- Italianfrigido
- Portuguesefrígido
- Romanianfrigid
- Spanishfrígido
Italo-Dalmatian
- Italianfreddo
- Spanishfredofrom Italian freddo
- Corsicanfreddu
- Corsicanfrettu
- Corsicanfritu
- Istriotfrido
- Neapolitanfriddo
- Neapolitanfrito
- Neapolitanfritu
- Sicilianfriddu
Gallo-Romance
- Frenchfroidfrom Old French freid
- Catalanfredfrom Old Catalan fret
- Franco-Provençalfrêd
- Normanfraidfrom Old French freid
- Normanfréfrom Old French freid
- Normanfréifrom Old French freid
- Normanfreidfrom Old French freid
- Walloonfroedfrom Old French freid
- Auvergnatfred
- Auvergnatfreid
Ibero-Romance
- Portuguesefriofrom Old Galician-Portuguese frio
- Spanishfríofrom Old Spanish frido
- Asturianfríu
- Asturianfriyu
- Asturianfrigu
- Mirandesefriu
- Galicianfríofrom Old Galician-Portuguese frio
- Aragonesefredofrom Old Navarro-Aragonese fredo
- Ladinofriyofrom Old Spanish frido
- Ladinofriofrom Old Spanish frido
Insular Romance
- Sardinianfrittu
Rhaeto-Romance
- Friulianfrêt
- Friulianfrêd
- Ladinfrëit
- Romanshfred
- Romanshfreid
- Romanshfraid
Gallo-Italic
- Emilianfradd
- Emilianfrèd
- Ligurianfreido
- Lombardfregg
- Lombardfred
- Lombardhegg
- Piedmontesefrèid
- Piedmontesefregg
- Romagnolfrèd
In English words that came into English from frīgidus
- frigidfrīgidus
- frigidityfrīgiditātem
- frigidariumfrīgidārium
- infrigidateinfrigidatus