noun · masculinethird declension
turbō1
turbō m (genitive turbinis)
Classical[ˈtʊr.boː]Ecclesiastical[ˈtur.bo]
№ 868 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- tornado, whirlwind
- spinning top, wheel
- spinning motion
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
ventus quī sē in orbem vertit; rapidus et saevus.turbō -inis m — in Mille Verba, Caelum et Tempestātēs
vertex, tumultusturbō -inis (m) — in IVLIANVS III: Persia, ch. 23
ventus in orbem versusturbō -inis (m) — in Metamorphoses I, ch. 7, 23
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Ventus · Procella · Tempestas · Vortex · Turbo
Ventus (ἀείς, or ἄντη, Hesiod) is the generic term for wind; procella and tempestas denote a violent wind; procella (κέλαδος), a mere squall or gust of wind; tempestas, a complete storm, or stress of weather, generally accompanied by thunder and lightning, rain or hail; whereas vortex and turbo denote a whirlwind; vortex (vertere), a weaker sort, that merely raises the dust; turbo (στρέφω, στροφάλιγξ), a strong whirlwind that causes destruction. (v. 287.)
Declension
| form | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | turbō | turbinēs |
| genitive | turbinis | turbinum |
| dative | turbinī | turbinibus |
| accusative | turbinem | turbinēs |
| ablative | turbine | turbinibus |
| vocative | turbō | turbinēs |
turbo, ĭnis, m. (collat. form tur-ben, ĭnis, n., Tib. 1, 5, 3; id. ap. Charis. p. 118 P.;
I. gen. turbonis, Caes. ib.) [1. turbo], that which spins or twirls round (cf. vertex).
I. A whirlwind, hurricane, tornado: ventus circumactus et eundem ambiens locum et se ipse vertigine concitans turbo est. Qui si pugnacior est ac diutius volutatur, inflammatur, et efficit, quem πρηστῆρα Graeci vocant:
hic est igneus turbo, Sen. Q. N. 5, 13, 3: falsum est faces et trabes turbine exprimi, id. ib. 7, 5, 1; 2, 22, 2; id. Ep. 109, 18: procellae, turbines, Cic. N. D. 3, 20, 51; cf.: saevi exsistunt turbines, Pac. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 39, 157 (Trag. Rel. p. 111 Rib.); Enn. ap. Schol. Vat. ad Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 4 (Ann. v. 553 Vahl.): venti vis rapido percurrens turbine campos, Lucr. 1, 273; cf. id. 1, 279; 1, 294; 5, 217; Ov. M. 6, 310: senatus decrevit, ut Minerva, quam turbo dejecerat, restitueretur, Cic. Fam. 12, 25, 1: turbo aut subita tempestas, id. Cael. 32, 79: pulvis collectus turbine, Hor. S. 1, 4, 31: venti rotanti turbine portant, Lucr. 1, 294: ita turbine nigro Ferret hiemps, Verg. G. 1, 320: venti ruunt et terras turbine perflant, id. A. 1, 83: accendi turbine quodam aëris, Sen. Q. N. 7, 4, 1.—In apposition with ventus: exoritur ventus turbo, Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 47: circumstabant navem turbines venti, id. Trin. 4, 1, 16.—B. Trop., whirlwind, storm, etc.:
qui in maximis turbinibus ac fluctibus rei publicae navem gubernassem, Cic. Pis. 9, 20: tu, procella patriae, turbo ac tempestas pacis atque otii, id. Dom. 53, 137: ego te in medio versantem turbine leti Eripui, Cat. 64, 149: cum illi soli essent duo rei publicae turbines, Cic. Sest. 11, 25: miserae mentis, Ov. Am. 2, 9, 28: miserarum rerum, id. M. 7, 614: nescio quo miserae turbine mentis agor, id. Am. 2, 9, 28: Gradivi, i. e. tumult of war, Sil. 11, 101: virtutem turbine nullo Fortuna excutiet tibi, Luc. 2, 243: horum mala, turbo quīs rerum imminet, Sen. Agam. 196.—B. Transf., of things that have the shape or whirling motion of a top, as a reel, whirl, spindle, etc., Cic. Fat. 18, 42; Varr. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 1, 449; Hor. Epod. 17, 7; Cat. 64, 315; Ov. M. 1, 336; Plin. 2, 10, 7, § 47; 9, 36, 61, § 130; 27, 4, 5, § 14; 36, 13, 19, § 90; 37, 4, 15, § 56.—
III. A whirling motion, a whirl, twirl, twist, rotation, revolution, a round, circle (mostly poet.):
cum caeli turbine ferri, Lucr. 5, 624: lunae, id. 5, 632: ignium, id. 6, 640; cf. Verg. A. 3, 573: teli (contorti), id. ib. 6, 594; cf. id. ib. 11, 284; Luc. 3, 465; Sil. 4, 542: saxi, whirling force, circular hurling, Verg. A. 12, 531: serpentis, i. e. the coiling, Sil. 3, 191: Aegaeus, whirlpool, vortex, Claud. Laud. Stil. 1, 287; so, rapax, Stat Th. 4, 813: verterit hunc (servum in emancipatione) dominus, momento turbinis exit Marcus Dama, i. e. of whirling round, Pers. 5, 78: militiae turbine factus eques, i. e. through the round of military gradation or promotion, Ov. Am. 3, 15, 6: vulgi, i. e. a throng, crowd, Claud. II. Cons. Stil. 200.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
turbō āvī, ātus (turbāssitur for turbātum erit, C.), āre
turba, to make an uproar, move confusedly, be in disorder : instat, turbatque (Achilles), rages , O.: turbant trepida ostia Nili (i. e. trepidant), V.— To disturb, a<*>itate, confound, disorder , throw into confusion : mare ventorum vi turbari: hibernum mare, H.: eversae turbant convivia mensae, O.: turbatis capillis stare, O.: turbata capillos, O.—In war, to throw into disorder, break, disorganize : equitatus turbaverat ordines, L.: Hic rem Romanam, magno turbante tumultu, Sistet, V.—Of water, to trouble, make thick, turbid : lacūs, O.: limo aquam, H.—Fig., to make confusion, cause disorder : turbent porro, quam velint, T.: omnibus in rebus turbare, i. e. derange all his affairs : si una alterave civitas turbet, Ta.: si in Hispaniā turbatum esset: totis Usque adeo turbatur agris, i. e. there is confusion , V.— To confound, confuse, disturb, unsettle : non modo illa, quae erant aetatis, permiscuit, sed etiam turbavit: ne quid ille turbet vide: ne incertā prole auspicia turbarentur, L.
turbō inis, m
1 turbo, that which whirls, a whirlwind, hurricane, tornado : saevi exsistunt turbines, Pac. ap. C.: validi venti, O.: turbo aut subita tempestas: pulvis collectus turbine, H.: venti terras turbine perflant, V.— A spinning-top, whip-top : volitans sub verbere, V.— A magic wheel, wheel of fortune : solve turbinem, H.— A whorl, spiral, twist : bucina, in latum quae turbine crescit ab imo, O.: suāpte naturā versari turbinem.— A whirl, round, circle : nubes Turbine fumans piceo, i. e. of black curling smoke , V.— A whirling motion, revolution : teli (contorti), V.: Murranum ingentis turbine saxi Excutit, i. e. with a huge whirling stone , V.: militiae turbine factus eques, i. e. through the round of promotion , O.—Fig., a whirlwind, storm : in maximis turbinibus rei p. navem gubernare: tu, turbo ac tempestas pacis atque oti, disturber : mentis, O.
Origins
From turba + -ō (nominal suffix).
Borrowings
- Catalantorb
- Frenchturbine
- Catalanturbinafrom French turbine
- Englishturbinefrom French turbine
- Italianturbinafrom French turbine
- Portugueseturbinafrom French turbine
- Spanishturbinafrom French turbine
- Danishturbinefrom French turbine
- Galicianturbinafrom French turbine
- Norwegian Bokmålturbinfrom French turbine
Elsewhere
- Frenchtourbillonfrom Old French torbeil
- Portuguesetrovãofrom Old Galician-Portuguese torvon
- Spanishturbónfrom Old Spanish turbón
- Spanishturbiónfrom Old Spanish turbón
- Spanishtolvanerafrom Old Spanish turbón
- Catalanterbolífrom Vulgar Latin *turbininus
- Spanishtorbellinofrom Vulgar Latin *turbininus
- Gascontorb
- Gasconestorbilh
- Languedocienestervelh
Italo-Dalmatian
- Italianturbine
- Siciliantùrbinu
Old Leonese
- Asturiantorbón
- Asturianturbón
In English words that came into English from turbō
- turbineturbō
- disturbdisturbare
- disturbancedisturbō
- turbinateturbinatus
- bioturbationturbātiō
- conturbationconturbatio
- conturbconturbo