noun · femininethird declension
tempestās
tempestās f (genitive tempestātis)
Classical[tɛmˈpɛs.taːs]Ecclesiastical[temˈpɛs.tas]
tempestātēs pl. nom.; pl. acc.; pl. voc.№ 753 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- portion, point, or space of time; time, season, period
- weather (good or bad)
- storm, tempest, gale
[...] Hic vastō rēx Aeolus antrō luctantēs ventōs tempestātēsque sonōrās imperiō premit ac vinclīs et carcere frēnat. Here in a vast cave, King Aeolus – struggling stormwinds! and resounding tempests! –
by [his] command represses, both with chains and a prison [he] restrains. (Through evocative word-sounds the poet repeats the consonants “s” and “t” to portray fantastical noises caused by trapped stormwinds. See literary consonance; Aeolus (son of Hippotes).)29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 1.52–54 - figurativelystorm, tempest, attack, commotion, disturbance, calamity, misfortune
Tametsī videō, sī, meā vōce perterritus, īre in exilium animum indūxerīs, quanta tempestās invidiae nōbīs, sī minus in praesēns tempus, recentī memoriā scelerum tuōrum, at in posteritātem impendeat.
Although I see, if, terrified by my words, you bring your mind to go into exile, how great a storm of unpopularity threatens us — if so less at the present time, due to the recent memory of your crimes, then at least for the future.63 BCE, Cicero, In Catilinam orationes 1.22
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
caelum saevum: ventī magnī, imbrēs, fulmina.tempestās -ātis f — in Mille Verba, Caelum et Tempestātēs
procella, caelī turbatempestās -ātis (f) — in Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 6, 14
magna vīs ventōrum et imbriumtempestās -ātis (f) — in Metamorphoses I, †
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Dies · Tempus · Tempestas · Die · Interdiu
1. Dies (from ἔνδιος) denotes time in its pure abstract nature, as mere extension and progression; whereas tempus and tempestas, with a qualifying and physical reference, as the weather and different states of time; tempus denotes rather a mere point of time, an instant, an epoch; tempestas, an entire space of time, a period. Hence dies docebit refers to a long space of time, after the lapse of which information will come, like χρόνος; whereas tempus docebit refers to a particular point of time which shall bring information, like καιρός. (iv. 267.) 2. Die means by the day, in opp. to by the hour or the year; whereas interdiu and diu, by day, in opp. to noctu; but interdiu stands in any connection; diu only in direct connection with noctu. (iv. 288.)
Ventus · Procella · Tempestas · Vortex · Turbo
Ventus (ἀείς, or ἄντη, Hesiod) is the generic term for wind; procella and tempestas denote a violent wind; procella (κέλαδος), a mere squall or gust of wind; tempestas, a complete storm, or stress of weather, generally accompanied by thunder and lightning, rain or hail; whereas vortex and turbo denote a whirlwind; vortex (vertere), a weaker sort, that merely raises the dust; turbo (στρέφω, στροφάλιγξ), a strong whirlwind that causes destruction. (v. 287.)
Declension
| form | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | tempestās | tempestātēs tempestūtēs |
| genitive | tempestātis tempestūtis | tempestātum tempestūtum |
| dative | tempestātī tempestūtī | tempestātibus tempestūtibus |
| accusative | tempestātem tempestūtem | tempestātēs tempestūtēs |
| ablative | tempestāte tempestūte | tempestātibus tempestūtibus |
| vocative | tempestās | tempestātēs tempestūtēs |
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- tempestate abripi
- to be driven out of one's course; to drift.
- tempestas cooritur
- a storm is rising.
- tempestatem idoneam, bonam nancisci
- to meet with good weather.
- ventum (tempestatem) nancti idoneum ex portu exeunt
- the ships sail out on a fair wind.
- tempestas cum magno fragore (caeli) tonitribusque (Liv. 1. 16)
- a storm accompanied by heavy claps of thunder.
- procella (tempestas) aliquem ex alto ad ignotas terras (oras) defert
- the storm drives some one on an unknown coast.
tempestas, ātis (collat. form tempe-stūs, ūtis;
I. A portion, point, or space of time, a time, season, period, ὥρα (so mostly ante-class. and poet.; syn. tempus): SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 10; cf.:
in duodecim tabulis: SOLIS OCCASV DIEI SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO: libri augurum pro tempestate tempestutem dicunt, supremum augurii tempus, Varr. L. L. 7, § 51 Müll. N. cr.: jam quā tempestate vivo certe sine ad me recipio, Lucil. ap. Non. 407, 31: eā tempestate flos poëtarum fuit, Plaut. Cas. prol. 18: verum tempestas quondam cum vixi fuit, Quom, etc., id. Truc. 2, 4, 29: eādemque tempestate multis signis Lacedaemoniis calamitas denuntiabatur, Cic. Div. 1, 34, 75: quā tempestate juvencos egerat a stabulis, Prop. 4, 9, 1: non ego pro mundi regno magis anxius illā Tempestate fui, qua, etc., Ov. M. 1, 183: tertia te Phthiae tempestas laeta locabit, the third day (a translation of the Homeric ἤματί κεν τριτάτῳ, Il. 9, 363), Cic. poët. Div. 1, 25, 52: quā tempestate Poenus in Italiam venit, Cic. de Or. 3, 38, 153; cf. id. Or. 49, 164: fuere item eā tempestate, qui crederent, etc., Sall. C. 17, 7; Curt. 4, 2, 11; 6, 2, 15: illā tempestate, Liv. 27, 37, 13; Curt. 3, 1, 2: hac tempestate, Sall. J. 3, 1; 13, 7; Vell. 2, 78; Just. 19, 2, 3; 25, 2, 8: sic omnia nimia, cum vel in tempestate vel in agris vel in corporibus laetiora fuerunt, in contraria fere convertuntur (a transl. of the Platonic ἐν ὥραις τε καὶ ἐν φυτοῖς καὶ ἐν σώμασι), Cic. Rep. 1, 44, 68.— In plur.: quam te post multis tueor tempestatibus, Pac. ap. Non. 407, 33: cis paucas tempestates, augebis, etc., Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 18: multis tempestatibus haud sane quisquam Romae virtute magnus fuit, Sall. C. 53, 5: Sulla sollertissimus omnium in paucis tempestatibus factus est, id. J. 96, 1: Evander, qui multis ante tempestatibus ea tenuerat loca, Liv. 1, 5, 2.—II. Time, with respect to its physical qualities, weather (the predom. and class. signif. of the word).
A. Lit., of good as well as of bad weather: tum tonuit laevum bene tempestate serenā, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 39, 82 (Ann. v. 517 Vahl.; cf. infra, in plur.); Varr. ap. Non. 408, 5:
liquida, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 64; cf.: liquidissima caeli, Lucr. 4, 169: nactus idoneam ad navigandum tempestatem, Caes. B. G. 4, 23; cf. Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 4: secunda, Tac. Agr. 38: fuit pridie Quinquatrus egregia tempestas, Cic. Att. 9, 13, 2: tempestatem praetermittere, id. Fam. 14, 4, 5: cum tempestas arridet, Lucr. 2, 32; cf. id. 5, 1395: unde haec tam clara repente Tempestas? Verg. A. 9, 20.—In plur.: tempestates serenae riserunt risu Jovis, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 254 (Ann. v. 445 Vahl.): dum tempestates assunt, Lucr. 1, 178: et comites et tempestates et navem idoneam ut habeas, diligenter videbis, Cic. Fam. 16, 1, 2; Cels. 2, 1.—2. Esp., of bad or stormy weather, a storm, tempest (cf.:
procella, hiemps): turbida tempestas heri fuit, Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 3; so, turbida, Lucr. 6, 376; Caes. B. C. 2, 22: saeva, Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 12; Lucr. 6, 458: perfrigida, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86: turbulenta, id. ib. 2, 5, 10, § 26: foeda, Liv. 2, 62; Verg. G. 1, 323: horrida, Hor. Epod. 13, 1: demissa ab Euro, id. C. 3, 17, 11: tempestas venit, Confringit tegulas imbricesque, Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 27: tanta tempestas cooritur, ut, etc., Caes. B. C. 1, 48: tempestas naves adflixit, id. ib. 3, 27: vis tempestatis, Cic. Rep. 4, 8, 8: maximo imbri, tempestate, ventis, procellis, etc., id. Phil. 5, 6, 15: nautae cum adversā tempestate in alto jactarentur, id. Inv. 2, 31, 95: si segetibus tempestas nocuerit, id. N. D. 2, 66, 167: si tempestas a vertice silvis Incubuit, Verg. G. 2, 310: tempestas sine more furit, id. A. 5, 694.—In plur.: duo genera esse caelestis injuriae meminisse debemus: unum quod tempestates vocamus, in quibus grandines, procellae, ceteraque similia intelleguntur, etc., Plin. 18, 28, 69, § 278: magnis commotis tempestatibus, fluvius ita magnus factus est, ut, etc., Cic. Inv. 2, 31, 96; Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 86: etiam summi gubernatores in magnis tempestatibus a vectoribus admoneri solent, Cic. Phil. 7, 9, 27: ut tempestates saepe certo aliquo caeli signo commoventur, id. Mur. 17, 36: procellae, tempestates, id. Off. 2, 6, 19; Varr. R. R. 3, 10, 3: autumni, Verg. G. 1, 311; Caes. B. G. 4, 34. — 3. Personified: Tempestātes, the weather-goddesses, the weather: (Lucius Scipio) CEPIT. CORSICA. ALERIAQVE. VRBE. DEDET TEMPESTATIBVS AIDE MERITO, Inscrr. Scip. in Inscr. Orell. 552; Cic. N. D. 3, 20, 51; Hor. Epod. 10, 24; cf. in sing. Tempestas, Ov. F 6, 193. —
B. Trop. (like our storm, tempest, = ), commotion, disturbance; calamity, misfortune:
qui in hac tempestate populi jactemur et fluctibus, Cic. Planc. 4, 11: comitiorum, id. Mur. 17, 36: video quanta tempestas invidiae nobis impendeat, id. Cat. 1, 9, 22: periculi tempestas, id. Sest. 47, 101: tempestas horribilis Gallici adventus, id. Rep. 2, 6, 11: quanta per Idaeos tempestas ierit campos, Verg. A. 7, 223: eā ipsā tempestate eversam esse rem publicam, Cic. Att. 10, 4, 5: tempestas popularis, id. Sest. 67, 140: vis illa fuit et ruina quaedam atque tempestas et quidvis potius quam judicium, id. Clu. 35, 96: communis Siculorum tempestas (i. e. Verres), Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 37, § 91: haud ignari quanta invidiae immineret tempestas, Liv. 3, 38, 6: (scurra) Pernicies et tempestates barathrumque macelli, Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 31: belli, Stat. Th. 3, 229; Sen. Agam. 63.—In plur.: in his undis et tempestatibus ad summam senectutem maluit jactari quam, etc., Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: immoderatae tempestates, id. N. D. 1, 2, 4: navis rei publicae fluitans in alto tempestatibus, id. Sest. 20, 46; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2; id. Fam. 9, 6, 4; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 85 al.—2. A storm, shower, i. e. a throng, multitude, etc.:
querelarum, Cic. Pis. 36, 89: turbida telorum, Verg. A. 12, 284; Claud. in Ruf. 1, 102.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
tempestās ātis, f
tempus, a portion of time, point of time, time, season, period : eādem tempestate: illā Tempestate, L.: fuere eā tempestate, qui, etc., S.: multis tempestatibus, S.: multis ante tempestatibus, L.— Weather, time, season : tempestate serenā, Enn. ap. C.: idonea ad navigandum, good weather , Cs.: secunda, Ta.: haec tam clara, V.: et tempestates et navem idoneam habere.— A goddess of weather , O.: immolabitur agna Tempestatibus, H.— A storm, tempest : turbida, Cs.: turbulenta: foeda, L.: Horrida, H.: tempestas navīs adflixit, Cs.: si segetibus tempestas nocuerit: Tempestas sine more furit, V.: in magnis tempestatibus: autumni, V.—Fig., storm , tempest, commotion, disturbance, calamity, misfortune : in hac tempestate populi iactari: invidiae: Gallici adventūs: Quanta per Idaeos Tempestas ierit campos, V.: communis Siculorum (i. e. Verres): rei p. navis fluitans in alto tempestatibus.— A storm, shower, press, throng, multitude : querelarum: turbida telorum, V.
Origins
From older *tempos, *tempes- (whence tempus) + -tās. Compare typologically Macedonian невреме (nevreme), Serbo-Croatian не̏вре̄ме akin to Macedonian време (vreme) (Serbo-Croatian вре́ме). Also compare Russian непого́да (nepogóda) (akin to год (god)).
Descendants
- Catalantempesta
- Catalantempestat
- Frenchtempêtefrom Old French tempeste
- Englishtempestfrom Old French tempeste
- Italiantempesta
- Occitantempèsta
- Portuguesetempestade
- Romaniantempestate
- Spanishtempestad
- Dutchtempeest
In English words that came into English from tempestās
- tempesttempestās
- tempestuoustempestuōsus
- tempestivitytempestīvitās
- intempestiveintempestīvus
- tempestivetempestivus