verbfirst conjugation
probō
probō (present infinitive probāre, perfect active probāvī, supine probātum)
Classical[ˈprɔ.boː]Ecclesiastical[ˈprɔː.bo]
probātus perf. pass. ptcp.№ 784 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- to approve, permit, commend
[...] sī Iuppiter ūnam / esse velit Tyriīs urbem Troiāque profectīs, / miscērīve probet populōs, aut foedera iungī.
[Venus tells Juno that she is uncertain] “whether Jupiter wills [there] to be one city derived from Tyrians and Trojans, [and] if he will approve [of us] having blended [these] peoples, or the treaties to unite [them].”29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.110-112 - to test, to inspect
- to examine
- to demonstrate, to prove, to show
Quod sī probāre Caesarī possēmus in Āfricā Ligārium omninō nōn fuisse[…]
But if we could prove to Caesar that Ligarius wasn't even in Africa […]46 BCE, Cicero, Pro Ligario 16.2 - to acquit, to exonerate
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
bonum esse dīcō et laudō; omnēs cōnsilium probant.probō -āre — in Mille Verba, Basilica et Iūs
experior, explōrōprobō -āre — in Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 13
bonum iūdicōprobō -āre — in Metamorphoses I, ch. 14
tests, proves
probat — in Seneca, ch. II
Conjugation conjugation 1
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | probō | probābam | probābō | probāvī | probāveram probāram | probāverō probārō |
| 2nd sg. | probās | probābās | probābis | probāvistī probāstī | probāverās probārās | probāveris probāris |
| 3rd sg. | probat | probābat | probābit | probāvit probāt | probāverat probārat | probāverit probārit |
| 1st pl. | probāmus | probābāmus | probābimus | probāvimus probāmus | probāverāmus probārāmus | probāverimus probārimus |
| 2nd pl. | probātis | probābātis | probābitis | probāvistis probāstis | probāverātis probārātis | probāveritis probāritis |
| 3rd pl. | probant | probābant | probābunt | probāvērunt probārunt, probāvēre | probāverant probārant | probāverint probārint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | probem | probārem | probāverim probārim | probāvissem probāssem |
| 2nd sg. | probēs | probārēs | probāverīs probārīs | probāvissēs probāssēs |
| 3rd sg. | probet | probāret | probāverit probārit | probāvisset probāsset |
| 1st pl. | probēmus | probārēmus | probāverīmus probārīmus | probāvissēmus probāssēmus |
| 2nd pl. | probētis | probārētis | probāverītis probārītis | probāvissētis probāssētis |
| 3rd pl. | probent | probārent | probāverint probārint | probāvissent probāssent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | probor | probābar | probābor |
| 2nd sg. | probāris probāre | probābāris probābāre | probāberis probābere |
| 3rd sg. | probātur | probābātur | probābitur |
| 1st pl. | probāmur | probābāmur | probābimur |
| 2nd pl. | probāminī | probābāminī | probābiminī |
| 3rd pl. | probantur | probābantur | probābuntur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | prober | probārer |
| 2nd sg. | probēris probēre | probārēris probārēre |
| 3rd sg. | probētur | probārētur |
| 1st pl. | probēmur | probārēmur |
| 2nd pl. | probēminī | probārēminī |
| 3rd pl. | probentur | probārentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | probā | probāre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | probāte | probāminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | probātō | probātor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | probātō | probātor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | probātōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | probantō | probantor |
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | probāre | probārī |
| perfect infinitive | probāvisse probāsse | probātum esse |
| future infinitive | probātūrum esse | probātum īrī |
| present participle | probāns | — |
| perfect participle | — | probātus probāta, probātā, probātae, probātam, probātārum, probātās, probātī, probātōrum, probātōs |
| future participle | probātūrus probātūra, probātūrā, probātūrae, probātūram, probātūrārum, probātūrās, probātūre, probātūrī, probātūrīs, probātūrō, probātūrōrum, probātūrōs, probātūrum | probandus probanda, probandā, probandae, probandam, probandārum, probandās, probande, probandīs, probandōrum, probandōs |
gerundprobandī, probandō, probandumsupineprobātum, probātū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- res mihi probatur
- a thing meets with my approval.
- res a me probatur
- I express my approval of a thing.
- hoc probato consequens est
- it follows from what we have shown.
- aliquid alicui probare (or c. Acc. c. Inf.)
- to prove one's point to a person's satisfaction.
- aliquid exemplis probare, comprobare, confirmare
- to quote precedents for a thing.
prŏbo, āvi, ātum, āre, v. a. 1. probus.
I. To try, test, examine, inspect, judge of any thing in respect of its goodness, fitness, etc. (rare in class. Lat.; not in Cic. or Cæs.; in eccl. Lat. very freq.).
A. Lit.:
militem neque a moribus neque a fortunā probabat, sed tantum a viribus, Suet. Caes. 65: tus probatur candore, etc., Plin. 12, 14, 32, § 65: mucronem cultri ad buccam, Petr. 70: terram amaram sive macram, Plin. 17, 5, 3, § 33: denarios, id. 33, 9, 46, § 132: pecuniam, Dig. 46, 3, 39; cf.: sicut probavi ipse, have learned, proved by experience, Pall. 12, 7, 22: aurum per ignem probatur, Vulg. 1 Pet. 1, 7: juga boum, id. Luc. 14, 19.—B. Trop.:
tuo ex ingenio mores alienos probas, judge of, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 30; id. Trin. 4, 3, 42: amicitias utilitate, Ov. P. 2, 3, 8.— So, to test, try, prove, examine the mind or heart: ipsi vos probate, Vulg. 2 Cor. 13, 5; cf. id. Zach. 13, 9; id. Psa. 138, 1 et saep.— II. To esteem as good, serviceable, fit, just, etc.; to be satisfied with, to approve a thing (class.; cf.
comprobare): quis est, qui non probet, qui non laudet? Cic. Mil. 28, 77: istam rationem laudo vehementer et probo, id. Fam. 7, 1, 5: Cato ea sentit, quae non probantur in vulgus, id. Par. prooem.; id. Fin. 2, 1, 1: Asia picem Idaeam maxime probat, Plin. 14, 20, 25, § 128.—With object-clause: Caesar maxime probat coactis navibus mare transire et Pompeium sequi, Caes. B. C. 1, 29.—B. In partic. (mil. t. t.), to approve for military service, to recruit, enlist: quo (die) primum probati sunt, Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 30, 2.—
C. To declare any thing well done, to express approbation of, to approve a thing:
laudant fabrum atque aedes probant, Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 20: domum, Cic. Fam. 5, 6, 3: villam, Liv. 4, 22: petentibus, ut ad opera probanda, anni et sex mensium tempus prorogaretur, id. 45, 15: plausu probatae puellae, Juv. 11, 164.—D. To approve a person, to recognize as fit or worthy:
ad unum Vercingetorigem probant imperatorem, Caes. B. G. 7, 63, 6: quā impudentiā est, eumne testem improbabit quem judicem probarit? Cic. Rosc. Com. 15, 45.—III. To represent or show a thing to be good, serviceable, fit, right, etc., to make acceptable, to recommend; and: aliquid alicui, to convince one of any thing:
quos (libros), ut spero, tibi valde probabo, Cic. Att. 4, 14, 1: officium meum P. Servilio, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 38, § 82: causam alicui, id. Quint. 30, 92: nostrum officium ac diligentiam, id. Div. in Caecil. 22, 72: factum suum alicui, id. Att. 16, 7, 4: omnia facta dictaque mea sanctissimis moribus tuis, Plin. Ep. 10, 3 (20), 3.—With de: quibus de meo celeri reditu non probabam, Cic. Att. 16, 7, 4: se alicui, to make one's self acceptable: (Epicurus) multis se probavit, id. Fin. 2, 25, 81: quā in legatione (Ligarius) et civibus et sociis ita se probavit, ut, etc., id. Lig. 1, 2.—Pass.: mihi egregie probata est oratio tua, has pleased, Cic. Tusc. 4, 4, 8.—B. In partic., to make a thing credible, to show, prove, demonstrate:
crimen, Cic. Fl. 37, 93: his ego judicibus non probabo, C. Verrem contra leges pecunias cepisse? Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10: causam paucis verbis, id. Balb. 21, 49: se memorem probare, grateful, id. Fam. 10, 24, 1: perfacile factu esse illis probat, conata perficere, Caes. B. G. 1, 3: hoc difficile est probatu, Cic. Tusc. 5, 1, 1: et patrio pater esse metu probor, my paternal fear shows that I am your father, Ov. M. 2, 91: sicut Thrasvmachi probat exitus, Juv. 7, 204.—With se: malo praesens observantiā, indulgentiā, assiduitate memorem me tibi probare, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 1.—C. To represent, pass off a person for another:
loquebantur suppositum in ejus locum, quem pro illo probare velles, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 30, § 78: quod tu istis lacrumis te probare postulas, Non pluris refert quam, etc., Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 101.—So absol.: forma et aetas ipsast, facile ut pro eunucho probes, pass for one, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 84.—Hence, prŏbātus, a, um, P. a. A. Tried, tested, proved, of approved goodness, good, excellent (syn. spectatus).
1. Of persons:
ceterarum homines artium spectati et probati, Cic. de Or. 1, 27, 124: ingeniosos et opulentos, et aetatis spatio probatos, id. Top. 19, 73: operum probatissimi artifices, Col. 11, 1, 6: probatissima femina, most excellent, Cic. Caecin. 4, 10.—2. Of things:
argentum, Plaut. Pers. 4, 6, 1: probata experimento cultura, Quint. 10, 2, 2: boleti probatissimi, Plin. 16, 5, 11, § 31: probatissima palma, id. 23, 5, 52, § 98: probatissima statua, id. 34, 8, 19, § 53: probata et exspectata adulescentia, Lucil. ap. Non. 437, 13: moneta, Vulg. Gen. 23, 16.—B. Transf., pleasing, agreeable:
ut nemo probatior primoribus patrum esset, Liv. 27, 8: probatissimus alicui, Cic. Planc. 11, 27.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
probō āvī, ātus, āre
probus, to make good, esteem good, approve, esteem, commend : quis est, qui non probet: villam, L.: alqd in ipsis: Caesar maxime probat coactis navibus mare transire, Cs.: antequam civitas suffecturum (armis) probaverit, declared him capable of bearing arms , Ta.: Vercingetorigem imperatorem, Cs.: alquem iudicem.— To make good, represent as good, recommend, make acceptable, show : (libros) tibi: nostrum officium: quibus de meo celeri reditu non probabam: multis se probavit, won favor with : mihi egregie probata est oratio tua, has pleased.—To make credible, show, prove, demonstrate : iudicibus Verrem contra leges pecunias cepisse: perfacile factu esse illis probat, etc., Cs.: hoc difficile est probatu: patrio pater esse metu probor, my fatherly anxiety proves me your father , O.— To test, inspect, try, judge by trial : censores villam publicam probaverunt, accepted after inspection , L.: amicitias utilitate, O.— To represent, pass off for : alquem pro illo: pro eunucho (sc. te), pass for , T.
Origins
From Proto-Italic *proβāō, from Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰH-wó-s (“being in front”), from *pro- (“forward”) + *bʰuH- (“to be”). Equivalent to probus (“good, fit”) + -ō.
Descendants
- Catalanprovar
- Italianprovare
- Occitanprovar
- Frenchprouverfrom Old French prover
- Germanprüfenfrom Old French prover
- Englishprovefrom Old French prover
- Portugueseprovar
- Romanianproba
- Sardinianproai
- Sardinianproare