verbthird conjugation
offendō1
offendō (present infinitive offendere, perfect active offendī, supine offēnsum)
Classical[ɔfˈfɛn.doː]Ecclesiastical[ofˈfɛn.do]
offēnsum acc. supine
Meaning
- to hit, thrust, strike against something
Ita cum eius [mīlitis] compar proelium facere coepisset, cum undique sē circumvenīrī animum advertisset, ingressus pedem offendit.
So, although his [the soldier's] partner had begun to fight, when he noticed that he was being surrounded on all sides, after starting to leave, he hit his foot.c. 40 BCE, De Bello Hispaniensi, chapter 23:Quidquid sum ego, quamvīs īnfrā Lūcīlī cēnsum ingeniumque, tamen mē cum magnīs vīxisse invīta fatēbitur ūsque invidia et fragilī quaerēns inlīdere dentem offendet solidō [...]
Whatever I am like, though inferior to the wealth and talent of Lucilius, nevertheless, that I have lived with great men [is something that] reluctant envy will fully admit and, seeking to sink her tooth into something soft, will strike it against something solid …c. 35 BCE, Horatius, Sermones 2.1.74–78 - to meet, encounter (someone)
- figurativelyto suffer damage, receive an injury
- to fail, be unfortunate
- to find fault, take offence
Sī Caesarem probātis, in mē offenditis.
If you favor Cæsar, you find fault with me. - to stumble, blunder, commit offence or sin
- to shock, vex, offend, mortify, scandalize
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
animum laedōoffendō -ere — in IVLIANVS II: Imperium, ch. 11
animum laedō, molestus sumoffendō -ere — in Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 15, 16
aegrē ferō, scandalizoroffendor -ī — in Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 11
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Lædere · Violare · Offendere
Lædere denotes a physical injury, as to hurt; violare, an injury to a person’s rights, as to offer violence; offendere (from πένθος) an injury to a person’s feelings, as to affront. Lædere refers to whatever object is capable of receiving injury; violare, to one that has a just claim to protection; offendere, to a rational and feeling being. Cic. Off. i. 28, 99. Justitiæ partes sunt non violare homines, verecundiæ non offendere. Fin. iii. 11. Sen. Ir. iii. 18. Pleraque eorum propter quæ irascimur offendunt nos magis quam lædunt. Const. 4. Contumelia tantum delicatis gravis est, qua non læduntur, sed offenduntur. Ovid, Am. iii. 3, 31. Formosa superi metuunt offendere læsi. (iii. 138.)
Conjugation conjugation 3
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | offendō | offendēbam | offendam | offendī | offenderam | offenderō |
| 2nd sg. | offendis | offendēbās | offendēs | offendistī | offenderās | offenderis |
| 3rd sg. | offendit | offendēbat | offendet | offendit | offenderat | offenderit |
| 1st pl. | offendimus | offendēbāmus | offendēmus | offendimus | offenderāmus | offenderimus |
| 2nd pl. | offenditis | offendēbātis | offendētis | offendistis | offenderātis | offenderitis |
| 3rd pl. | offendunt | offendēbant | offendent | offendērunt offendēre | offenderant | offenderint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | offendam | offenderem | offenderim | offendissem |
| 2nd sg. | offendās | offenderēs | offenderīs | offendissēs |
| 3rd sg. | offendat | offenderet | offenderit | offendisset |
| 1st pl. | offendāmus | offenderēmus | offenderīmus | offendissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | offendātis | offenderētis | offenderītis | offendissētis |
| 3rd pl. | offendant | offenderent | offenderint | offendissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | offendor | offendēbar | offendar |
| 2nd sg. | offenderis offendere | offendēbāris offendēbāre | offendēris offendēre |
| 3rd sg. | offenditur | offendēbātur | offendētur |
| 1st pl. | offendimur | offendēbāmur | offendēmur |
| 2nd pl. | offendiminī | offendēbāminī | offendēminī |
| 3rd pl. | offenduntur | offendēbantur | offendentur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | offendar | offenderer |
| 2nd sg. | offendāris offendāre | offenderēris offenderēre |
| 3rd sg. | offendātur | offenderētur |
| 1st pl. | offendāmur | offenderēmur |
| 2nd pl. | offendāminī | offenderēminī |
| 3rd pl. | offendantur | offenderentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | offende | offendere |
| pres. 2nd pl. | offendite | offendiminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | offenditō | offenditor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | offenditō | offenditor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | offenditōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | offenduntō | offenduntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | offendere | offendī |
| perfect infinitive | offendisse | offēnsum esse |
| future infinitive | offēnsūrum esse | offēnsum īrī |
| present participle | offendēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | offēnsus |
| future participle | offēnsūrus offēnsūra, offēnsūrā, offēnsūrae, offēnsūram, offēnsūrārum, offēnsūrās, offēnsūre, offēnsūrī, offēnsūrīs, offēnsūrō, offēnsūrōrum, offēnsūrōs, offēnsūrum | offendendus offendundus, offendenda, offendendā, offendendae, offendendam, offendendārum, offendendās, offendende, offendendīs, offendendōrum, offendendōs |
gerundoffendendī, offendendō, offendendumsupineoffēnsum, offēnsū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- offendere, nancisci aliquem
- to meet, come across a person; to meet casually.
- offendere in aliquo (Mil. 36. 99)
- to have something to say against a person, to object to him.
- offendere aliquem, alicuius animum
- to hurt some one's feelings.
- offendi aliqua re (animus offenditur)
- to feel hurt by something.
- offendere apud aliquem (Cluent. 23. 63)
- to hurt some one's feelings.
- offendere in aliqua re (Cluent. 36. 98)
- to take a false step in a thing; to commit an indiscretion.
offendo, di, sum, 3, v. a. and n. obfendo.
I. to hit, thrust, strike, or dash against something (syn.: illido, impingo; class.).
I. Lit.:
offendere caput ad fornicem, Quint. 6, 3, 67: latus vehementer, Cic. Clu. 62, 175: coxam, to hurt himself in the haunch, Col. 5, 9, 1: pedem, Auct. B. Hisp. 23; Ov. F. 2, 720: solido, against something solid, Hor. S. 2, 1, 78: in scopulis offendit puppis, strikes on, Ov. P. 4, 14, 22: in redeundo offenderunt, ran aground, Caes. B. C. 3, 8: in cornua, Sol. 40: ne quem in cursu capite, aut cubito, aut pectore offendam, aut genu, Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 2: visco, id. Poen. 2, 37.—B. Transf., to hit upon, light upon a person or thing, i. e. to come upon, meet with, find (syn.: deprehendo, invenio): si te hic offendero, moriere, Enn. ap. Cic. Rab. Post. 11, 29 (Trag. v. 301 Vahl.); cf. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1:
haec, cum ego a foro revortar, facite ut offendam parata, Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 30: paululum si cessassem, Domi non offendissem, Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 5: si te in plateā offendero hac post umquam, periisti, id. ib. 5, 8, 34; id. Phorm. 5, 1, 31: imparatum te offendam, will come upon you unawares, will surprise you, Cic. Fam. 2, 3: eundem bonorum sensum, id. ib. 1, 9, 17: nondum perfectum templum offendere, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 28, § 64: omnia aliter ac jusserat offendit, id. Rep. 1, 38, 59.—II. Trop.
A. In gen., to suffer damage, receive an injury:
quis est tam Lynceus, qui in tantis tenebris nihil offendat, nusquam incurrat? Cic. Fam. 9, 2, 2: in causis, id. de Or. 2, 74, 301: ad fortunam, Phaedr. 4, 14, 6.—B. In partic., to stumble, blunder, make a mistake, commit a fault; to commit an offence, to be offensive (syn.:
pecco, delinquo): in quo ipsi offendissent, alios reprehendissent, Cic. Clu. 36, 98: sin quid offenderit, sibi totum, tibi nihil offenderit, id. Fam. 2, 18, 3: offendebant illi quidem apud gravīs et honestos homines, sed populi judiciis florebant, gave offence to, id. Sest. 49, 105: se apud plebem offendisse de aerario, id. Att. 10, 4, 8: neque in eo solum offenderat, quod, Nep. Phoc. 2, 2: legi, to offend against or violate the law, Dig. 22, 1, 1.—Hence (eccl. Lat.), to offend, commit a sin: in multis enim offendimus omnes, Vulg. Jac. 3, 2.— Of things, to be offensive: cum nihil aliud offenderit, Liv. 2, 2, 2; cf. id. 4, 42, 2.—C. To find fault with, be displeased with, take offence at any thing:
at credo, in Caesarem probatis, in me offenditis, Caes. B. C. 2, 32: si in me aliquid offendistis, have taken any offence at me, Cic. Mil. 36, 99.—D. To fail in any thing, i. e. to have a misfortune, to be unfortunate, meet with ill success:
apud judices offendere, opp. causam iis probare, Cic. Clu. 23, 63: cum multi viri fortes offenderint, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 50, § 131: tamquam M. Atilius primo accessu ad Africam offenderit, i. e. met with a calamity, Liv. 28, 43, 17; cf. I. A. supra.—Impers. pass.: sin aliquid esset offensum, Cic. Fam. 1, 7: quoties culpā ducis esset offensum, might have met with a defeat, Caes. B. C. 3, 72; cf.: nullum ejusmodi casum exspectans, quo . . . in milibus passuum tribus offendi posset, id. B. G. 6, 36 Kraner ad loc.: at si valetudo ejus offendissit, failed, Gell. 4, 2, 10.—E. To shock, offend, mortify, vex, displease one:
me exquisisse aliquid, in quo te offenderem, Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 4: tuam existimationem, id. ib. 3, 8, 7: neminem umquam non re, non verbo, non vultu denique offendit, id. Balb. 26, 59: offensus nemo contumeliā, id. Att. 6, 3, 3: ne offendam patrem, id. ib. 6, 3, 9: ut eos splendor offendat, id. Fam. 1, 7, 7: extinctum lumen recens offendit nares, Lucr. 6, 791: offendere tot caligas, tot Milia clavorum, provoke, Juv. 16, 24: polypodion offendit stomachum, disagrees with, Plin. 26, 8, 37, § 58: ne colorum claritas aciem oculorum offenderet, id. 35, 10, 36, § 97.—Pass., to be displeased, feel hurt: multis rebus meus offendebatur animus, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 10.— With inf.: ut non offendar subripi (ista munera), so that I am not offended at their being taken from me, Phaedr. 4, 11, 6: componi aliquid de se, offendebatur, he took it ill, if, etc., Suet. Aug. 8, 9 fin.—Hence, of-fensus, a, um, P. a. A. Offensive, odious (cf.:
invisus, odiosus, infensus): miserum atque invidiosum offensumque ordinem senatorium! Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 62, § 145: offensum et invisum esse alicui, id. Sest. 58, 125.—As subst.: offensum, i, n., the offence: offensum est quod eorum, qui audiunt, voluntatem laedit, Cic. Inv. 1, 49, 92.— B. Offended, displeased, vexed, incensed, imbittered:
offensus et alienatus animus, Cic. Att. 1, 17, 7: aliena et offensa populi voluntas, id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106: offensos merere deos, Ov. H. 21, 48: offensi animi regum, Auct. B. Alex. 32.—Comp.: quem cum esse offensiorem arbitrarer, Cic. Att. 1, 5, 2: quem sibi offensiorem sciebat esse, id. Clu. 62, 172; id. Att. 1, 5, 5.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
offendō fendī, fēnsus, ere
ob+fendo, to hit, thrust, strike, dash against: latus vehementer: caput, L.: offenso pede, having stumbled, O.: in scopulis offendit puppis, strikes on, O.: in redeundo, run aground, Cs.: solido, bite a stone, H.—To hit upon, light upon, come upon, meet with, find, catch: te hic, Enn. ap. C.: imparatum te, come upon you unawares: nondum perfectum templum: omnia aliter ac iusserat offendit.—Fig., to suffer damage, receive an injury: qui in tantis tenebris nihil offendat: in causis.—To stumble, blunder, make a mistake, commit a fault, offend, be offensive: sin quid offenderit, sibi totum, tibi nihil offenderit: apud honestos homines, give offence to: neque in eo solum offenderat, quod, etc., N.—To find fault, be displeased, take offence: si in me aliquid offendistis.—To fail, miscarry, be defeated, suffer misfortune, be unfortunate: apud iudices, lose his cause: primo accessu ad Africam, i. e. met with disaster, L.: si aliquid esset offensum: quo (casu) in milibus passuum tribus offendi posset, a disaster might occur, Cs.—To trespass upon, shock, offend, vex, displease, repel, disgust: Divitiaci animum, Cs.: tuas aurīs: neminem umquam non re, non verbo offendit: hi sermones tuam existimationem non offendunt, injure: si non offenderet unum Quemque limae labor, H.: offendere tot caligas, tot Milia clavorum, provoke, Iu.: multis rebus meus offendebatur animus, was hurt: fidis offendi medicis, H.: ut non offendar subripi (ista munera), am not offended at the loss of, Ph.
Origins
From ob- (“against”) + *fendō (“hit, thrust”), from Proto-Italic *fendō, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“to strike, to kill”). Compare dēfendō.
Descendants
- Catalanofendre
- Italianoffendere
- Englishoffendfrom Old French offendre
- Portugueseofender
- Spanishofender
- Asturianofender
- Galicianofender
- Scotsoffendfrom Old French offendre
- Sicilianaffènniri
- Venetanofendar