iugum

Meaning

1. neutera yoke (for oxen or cattle) or collar (for a horse)
   Nos onera quibusdam bestiis, nos iuga inponimus;[…]45 BCE, Cicero, De natura deorum 2.60.151
2. neutera yoke, pair, team of draft oxen; a pair of horses; a chariot
   Quod addit asinos, qui stercus vectent, treis, asinum molarium; in vinea iugerum iugum boum, asinorum iugum, asinum molarium;[…]As to his addition of three donkeys to haul manure and one for the mill; for a vineyard of 100 jugera, a yoke of oxen, a pair of donkeys, and one for the mill; […]21 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, De Re Rustica 1.19.3
   Lucage, nulla tuos currus fuga segnis equorum prodidit aut uanae uertere ex hostibus umbrae: ipse rotis saliens iuga deseris.29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 10.594
3. neutera pair of anything
   ex eo notatum, non fere legionis umquam hiberna esse castra ubi aquilarum non sit iugum.77 CE – 79 CE, Plinius Maior, Naturalis Historia 10.5.16
4. neutera juger of land
   Ille, Modos, quibus metirentur rura, alius alios constituit. Nam in Hispania ulteriore metiuntur iugis, in Campania versibus, apud nos in agro Romano ac Latino iugeris. Iugum vocant, quod iuncti boves uno die exarare possint.Each country has its own method of measuring land. Thus in farther Spain the unit of measure is the iugum, in Campania the versus, with us here in the district of Rome and in Latium the iugerum. The iugum is the amount of land which a yoke of oxen can plough in a day.)1st c. BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, Rerum rusticarum libri III 1.10
5. neuterin Kent, a yoke of land, quarter sulung
6. neutera horizontal beam or rail fastened perpendicular to a post or pole; a crossbeam, crossrail
   Tertius vineae annus palmitem velocem robustumque emittit et quem faciat aetas vitem. hic in iugum insilit.77 CE – 79 CE, Plinius Maior, Naturalis Historia 17.35.175
7. neuterany of various types of horizontal structural member: the beam which united the upright posts of a loom, the crossbar of a lyre, the crossrail of a trellis, the thwart or cross-bench of a boat (the rower's bench)
   […]: tela iugo vincta est, stamen secernit harundo,[…]8 CE, Ovidius, Metamorphoses 6.55
   inde alias animas, quae per iuga longa sedebant, deturbat laxatque foros; simul accipit alueo ingentem Aenean.29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 6.411
8. neutera symbolic yoke of subjugation: a low makeshift archway of three spears under which a vanquished enemy was made to bend in humiliation as they passed by
   Caesar, quod memoriā tenēbat L. Cassium cōnsulem occīsum exercitumque ēius ab Helvētiīs pulsum et sub iugum mīssum, concēdendum nōn putābat […].Because Caesar remembered that the consul Lucius Cassius had been killed and his army routed and sent under the yoke by the Helvetians, he did not think their request should be granted.c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de bello Gallico 1.7
9. neutera scalebeam; (metonymic) a pair of scales; (astronomy) the Libra
   L. quidem Tarutius Firmanus, familiaris noster, in primis Chaldaeicis rationibus eruditus, urbis etiam nostrae natalem diem repetebat ab iis Pardibus, quibus eam a Romulo conditam accepimus, Romamque, in iugo cum esset Luna, natam esse dicebat, nec eius fata canere dubitabat.45 BCE, Cicero, De divinatione 2.47.98
10. neuterthe summit or ridge of a mountain; a chain or range of mountains
    Eius vero montis iugum se circumagens et media curvatura prope tangens oras maris Hadriani pertingit circumitionibus contra fretum.The ridge of this mountain range then bends in an arch and almost reaches the middle part of the Adriatic coast, while, completing the arch, it ends up touching the Strait (of Messina).c. 15 BCE, Vitruvius, De architectura 2.10.1
11. figurativelyneuterthe bond (of slavery, matrimony, etc.)
    Iamne ea fert iugum?Does she as yet bear the yoke? (i.e. does she bear the yoke of matrimony; is she married?)c. 190 BCE, Plautus, Curculio 1.1.50

Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers

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Declension

Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book

aqua iugis, perennis

a perpetual spring.

iugum servitutis accipere

to submit to the yoke of slavery.

iugum servitutis excutere

to shake off the yoke of slavery.

iugum servile alicui demere

to deliver some one from slavery.

iugum servile a cervicibus deicere (Phil. 1. 2. 6)

to shake off the yoke of slavery.

ab aliquo servitutem or servitutis iugum depellere

to deliver some one from slavery.

Origins

From Proto-Italic *jugom, from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm, from *yewg- (“to yoke, harness, join”) + *-óm. Cognate with Sanskrit युग (yuga), Ancient Greek ζῠγόν (zŭgón), and Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐌺 (juk). Equivalent to a substantivization of the adjective iugus (“belonging together”).

In the Academy Smith's classical dictionaries

Related words